Nutrition

Nutrition Chapters 8, 9, & 10

Chapter 8 – Food and Nutrition

• Nutrient – Substance that the body needs to regulate body functions, promote growth, repair body tissue, and obtain energy

• Metabolism – the process by which your body breaks down food to use it as energy

• Calories – amount of energy released from food

10%

40%

35%

15%

The 6 Basic Nutrients

CarbohydratesSupply energy for your body

SimpleComplex

found in

and

found in found in

Which foods provide our body with fiberand

Sugar

Fruits &vegetables

Milk

Starches

Potatoes & rice

Grains

Fiber

Whole-wheat bread

Cereals, whole grain, veggies, nuts, beans,

seeds

also known as

It provides

Energy for your body’s cells

Your body breaks these down into

Simple Sugars Job of fiber on page 195 in the book

YOUR BODY’S ENERGY RESERVE

Extra carbohydrates that your body does not use create extra glucose. The extra glucose is converted into a starch called GLYCOGEN which is then stored in your body. When you body needs more glucose, the glycogen is converted back to glucose for energy. If you eat too many CARBOHYDRATES, and the GLYCOGEN stores are full the excess carbohydrates are stored as FAT.

FatsSupply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperatures, and protect your nerves

Complete vocabulary on page 5

Proteinstheir role is to grow and repair body tissue

Protein Chain

Amino Acids9 Essential amino acids – Body can’t produce

11 Non-essential amino acids – Body produces on own

***Complete Sources for proteins***

Vitamins Nutrients that are made by living things and assist in chemical reactions in the body

• Fat Soluble – can be stored in the body • Vitamin A, D, E, K

» Page 203

• Water soluble – can not be stored in the body• Vitamin C, B12, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folic acid

» Page 204

Write down functions of vitamins

Minerals7 essential minerals

• Calcium • Sodium • Potassium • Magnesium • Phosphorus • Chlorine • Sulfur

» Page 207

Fill in sources of minerals

Minerals deficiency • Osteoporosis – lack of calcium

resulting in weak and brittle bones• Anemia – lack of iron resulting in the

person becoming tired and weak easily

Wateris essential to live

• 65% of your body is water• All of your body’s processes require water

Dehydration is serious reduction in the body’s water contentSymptoms include weakness, rapid breathing and weak heart

beat

Now... Figure out how many ounces of water you should drink every day! YOUR BODY WEIGHT = __________ / 2 = __________ OUNCES OF WATER YOU SHOULD DRINK

EXAMPLE

YOUR BODY WEIGHT = 140 / 2 = 70 OUNCES OF WATER YOU SHOULD DRINK

• Gatorade vs water• article

• Water challenge

Coke vs. Water• What do you drink???

• Do you know how it can help or hinder your daily activities?

Lets find out

Water• 75% of Americans are chronically dehydrated. • In 37% of Americans, the thirst mechanism is so weak that it is

mistaken for hunger. • One glass of water will shut down midnight hunger pains for almost

100% of the dieters studied in a University of Washington study. • Lack of water, the #1 trigger of daytime fatigue• A mere 2% drop in body water can trigger fuzzy short-term memory,

trouble with basic math, and difficulty focusing on the computer screen or on a printed page.

• Drinking 5 glasses of water daily decreases the risk of colon cancer by 45%, plus it can slash the risk of breast cancer by 79%., and one is 50% less likely to develop bladder cancer.

Coke• In many states the highway patrol carries two gallons of Coke in

the trunk to remove blood from the highway after a car accident. • To clean a toilet: Pour a can of Coca-Cola into the toilet bowl and

let the 'real thing' sit for one hour, then flush clean. The citric acid in Coke removes stains from china.

• To remove rust spots from chrome car bumpers: Rub the bumper with a rumpled-up piece of Reynolds Wrap aluminum foil dipped in Coca-Cola.

• To clean corrosion from car battery terminals: Pour a can of Coca-Cola over the terminals to bubble away the corrosion.

• To loosen a rusted bolt: Apply a cloth soaked in Coca-Cola to the rusted bolt for several minutes.

Coke#1 the active ingredient in Coke is phosphoric acid. It will dissolve a nail in about four days. Phosphoric acid also leaches calcium from bones and is a major contributor to the rising increase of osteoporosis.

#2. To carry Coca-Cola syrup! (the concentrate) the commercial trucks must use a hazardous Material place cards reserved for highly corrosive materials.

#3. The distributors of Coke have been using it to clean engines of the trucks for about 20 years!

WHAT DO YOU PUT IN YOUR BODY?

MY PLATE

Complete page 8 and 9 in your packet

• Think * Pair * Share

–Why do people eat?

–Complete worksheet with class

BMR

• The rate at which you use energy when your body is at rest

3 Factors that affect your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

age Activity level Muscle mass

5 Factors that affect the food you choose

Personal Preference

Cultural Background

The Media Friends

Time and Convenience

Evaluating your food choice – use page 222 in your book to complete the bottom of page 1 in the packet

What it says … What it means

…. FreeFat free Contains less than .5g fat

Sugar free Contains less than .5g of sugar

Low in …Low in Calories Contains less than 40 calories

Low in Sodium Contains less than 140 mg of sodium

High in … High in Vitamin C One serving provides 20% or more of the daily

Light Contains 50% less fat or at least 1/3 fewer calories

Excellent source of … One serving provides 20% or more of the daily value

of calcium

May reduce your risk of heart disease Can appear on fiber containing grain products, fruits

and veggies

• What affects your body weight?– Heredity– Activity Level– Body Composition

• Calculate your BMI

• Weight and Management– Overweight: BMI over 30

• Health Risks– High Blood Pressure/Cholesterol– Diabetes– Heart Disease, stroke, certain cancers

– More people are overweight because their calorie consumption has increased and their calorie usage has decreased.

– Underweight: BMI under 14• Health Risks

– Anemia– Heart irregularities– Trouble regulating body temperature

Think *pair*share

Healthy Weight ManagementAn average person needs 2500calories to have enough energy to perform daily tasks.Any additional calories taken beyond those required for their BMR can be stored as fat_.

1 pound = 3500 calories

If a person wants to lose 1 pound, they must BURN or use 3500 calories.If a person wants to gain 1 pound, they must CONSUME 3500 extra calories above their BMI.

The healthiest way to lose weight is to lose 1 to 2 pounds a week.In order to lose 1 pound a week you must reduce your calorie intake by 500 calories a day.

Complete the word problems at bottom of page in the packet.

Use the % Daily Value (% DV) column: 5% DV or less is low, and 20% DV or more is high. Keep these low: saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium.Get enough of these: potassium and fiber, vitamins A, C, and D, calcium, and iron.Check the calories: 400 or more calories per serving of a single food item is high.

Food Label on page 6 of packet

Junk Food Junkie Activity

Dining Out Activity

Healthy Choices…

In the News…

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight)

No Data <10% 10%–14%



No Data <10% 10%–14%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%


(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%



No Data <10% 10%–14 15%–19%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%


(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

2000

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 2000, 2010

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight)

2010

1990

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Sugar

How much is in what you eat?Page 12 of the packet

Digestive systemA process in which food is broken down so that the body can use it for energy

Complete page 14 in packet

Lab Time

• How long is the small and large intestine?– Small is 20 feet– Large is 5 feet

• Lets get a visual

• How does digestion work?– Be ready to see how food

travels through the body– Will need volunteers

Excretory systemThe process by which the body collects and removes wastes

Find the functions

•Kidney’s•Ureter•Bladder•Urethra

Nutrition

Documents

Transcript of Nutrition