Nutrient supply does play a role on the structure of ... · Nutrient supply does play a role on the...
Transcript of Nutrient supply does play a role on the structure of ... · Nutrient supply does play a role on the...
Nutrientsupplydoesplayaroleonthestructureofmarinepicophytoplanktoncommuni5es
BeatrizMouriño-Carballido1,JoséLuisOtero-Ferrer1,SusanaAgusG2,AntonioBode3,PedroCermeño4,PalomaChouciño1,JosédaSilva5,BieitoFernández-Castro1,JosepGasol4,MiguelGilcoto6,RocíoGraña6,MikelLatasa7,LuisLubián8,EmilioMarañón1,XoséAnxeluG.Morán2,EnriqueMoreno-Ostos8,Víctor
Moreira1,ManuelRuiz3,RenateScharek8,SergioVallina4,MartaVarela3,MarinaVillamaña1
1.UniversidadedeVigo,Spain2.KingAbdullahUniversityofScienceandTechnology,SaudiArabia
3.IEO-Coruña,Spain4.CSIC-Barcelona,Spain
5.PortoUniversity,Portugal6.CSIC-Vigo,Spain7.IEO-Xixón,Spain
8.UniversidaddeMálaga,Spain
OSMMee5ngNewOrleans21-26Feb2016
SketchofturbulentflowbyLeonardodaVinci
AndreyNikolaevichKolmogorov(1903-1987)
MicrostructureturbulenceprofileronboardRVLura(NWSpain)
Revisi5ngthemandalaofMargalef(1978)
Nutrie
nts
Mixing
Revisi5ngthemandalaofMargalef(1978)
Methodologicaldifficul5estoquan5fymixing(Kz)inthefield
Nutrie
nts
Mixing
Mixingandstra5fica5on:relatedbutnotthesame
InternalwavemixingandnutrientsupplyontheshelfoffRíadeVigo(NWSpain)
Villamaña-Rodríguezetal(inprep.)
Revisi5ngthemandalaofMargalef(1978)
Thesmaller-sizepicophytoplanktongroupswerenotincludedintheoriginaldiagram
Nutrie
nts
Mixing
Picoplankton(∼<2µm)olendominateprimaryproduc5on,andrecentstudiessuggestasignificantcontribu5ontocarbon
export(RichardsonandJackson,2007;Guidietal,2016)
Flombaumetal.(2013,PNAS)
ControlfactorsonProchlorococcusandSynechococcusregionaldistribu5ons
Norela5onshipbetweennutrientsconcentra5onandcellabundance
Thevariabilityinnutrientconcentra5onscanbedisconnectedfromchangesinnutrientsupply
Nitratefluxversussurfacenitrateinoligotrophicregions
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5−2
−1.5
−1
−0.5
0
Surface Nitrate (mmol m−3)
Log1
0 (F
luxN
O3)
(mm
ol m
−2 d−1
)
Mouriño-Carballidoetal.(2011,L&O)
OurhypothesisTheMargalef’smandalaalsoapplieswithinthe
picoplanktonsize-class
Datasetofmicrostructureturbulenceandpicoplanktonproper5es(2006-2013)
117Sta5ons:• Microturbulence(MSTprofiler,0-200m)• Nitrateconcentra5on(0-200m)• Picoplanktonabundanceandcellproper5es(Flowcytometry,pho5clayer)
ProchlorococcusSynechococcusSmallpicoEuk
MSS(Micro-Structure-Turbulence)profiler
Kz = 0.2 εN 2
Ver5caldiffusivity(Kz):
Howdidwequan5fyver5calmixing(Kz)?
Osborn(1980)
εN
Dissipa5onrateofturbulentkine5cenergyBrüntVäissäläfrequency
ISWWassermesstechnik(hup://www.ISW-Wasser.com)
Howdidwecalculatethediffusivetransportofnitrateacrossthenutricline?
F3–Sta5on14
Howdidwecalculatelightavailability(LA)?
1%PAR
Depth
PARI0
k<LO>pl
εN
Dissipa5onrateofturbulentkine5cenergyBrüntVäissäläfrequency
I0k
SurfacePAR(Photosynthe5cAc5veradia5on)LightEx5n5onCoefficient
<LO>pl Averagedpho5clayerOsmidozScale
Whatdidwefind…?
Variabilityinnitratediffusivefluxes
Pho5clayerdepth-integratedpicoplanktonbiomassvsNO3diffusiveflux
ProchlorococcuswashighwhenNO3supplywaslow,whereasSynechococcusandpicoeukaryotesincreasedathighsupply
R2=0.227p<0.001***
R2=0.115p<0.001***
R2=0.270p<0.001***
Prochlorococcus Synechococcus SmallpicoEuk
Thefateofthecarbonfixedintheupperlayerdependsonthecomposi5onofthepicoplanktongroups(ra5oprokaryotespicoeukaryotes)(Cornoetal.,2007)
Ra5oProkaryotetopicoEukaryotebiomassvsNO3fluxes
Thera5oProktopicoEukbiomassdecreaseswithnutrientsupply
R2=0.120p<0.001***
Log 1
0(Prok:picoE
uk)
GeneralizedAddi5veModels(GAM):NO3Flux,Lightavailability(LA),Temperature(T)
Log10(Prok:picoEuk)=-0.220*Log10(NO3Flux)-s(LA)+0.028T
R2=0.120p<0.001***
R2(adj)=0.389p<0.05*
Log 1
0(Prok:picoE
uk)
é×3,2
Lightavailabilityandtemperaturedoalsoplayarole
Chemostatscompe5onexperiments
Picoplanktongroups:• Synechococcussp.(RCC-2366)• Micromonaspusilla(RCC-450)
Fully-aclimatedpopula5ons:• Media:modificatedPCR-S11(N:P=5:1)• Light:100µE• Temperature:21ºC• Steady-state(Dilu5onrate:0.225d-1)
Nutrientperturba5ons(5µMNO3):• 0.5pulsesd-1
• 2pulsesd-1
• 3pulsesd-1
SartoriusBiostatPlus
Popula5ondynamicsundernitrate-limi5ngandnitrate-pulsingcondi5ons
Abun
dance(celm
l-1)x107
Time(days)
Ra5oProk:picoEuk
SynechococcuspicoEukRa5oProk:picoEuk
Steady-state
0.5pulsesd-1
2pulsesd-1
3pulsesd-1
Popula5ondynamicsundernitrate-limi5ngandnitrate-pulsingcondi5ons
Abun
dance(celm
l-1)x107
Time(days)
Ra5oProk:picoEuk
SynechococcuspicoEukRa5oProk:picoEuk
Steady-state
0.5pulsesd-1
2pulsesd-1
3pulsesd-1
Tropicalandsubtropical
Mediterranean
GalicianUpwellingSystem
OurhypothesisTheMargalef’sMandalaalsoapplieswithinthe
picoplanktonsize-class
Dominanceofpicophytoplanktongroupstobiomass
Duetodifferencesinnutrientuptakeabili5es,picophytoplanktongroupsexhibitdifferentbehaviourtonutrientsupply
Mouriño-Carballidoetal.(2016,MEPS)
Thanksto…
• GrantCTM2012-30680toB.Mouriño-Carballido(Spanishgoverment)
• GrantCTM2009-06712-E/MARtoB.Mouriño-Carballido(Spanishgoverment)
• GrantCSD2008-00077toC.Duarte(Spanishgoverment)
• GrantCTM2008-06261-C03toM.Latasa(Spanishgoverment)
• GrantCTM2004-05174-C02toE.Marañón(Spanishgoverment)
Dominanceofpicophytoplanktongroupstobiomassvsnitrate,mixingandNO3fluxes
Picophytoplanktongroupsexhibitdifferentbehaviourtonutrientsupply,probablyreflec5ngdifferencesinnutrientuptakeabili5es
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Log10 Kz (m2 s−1)
Surfa
ce N
itrat
e (m
mol
m−3
)
ProSynpicoEuk
Log1
0 (F
luxN
O3)
(mm
ol m
−2 d−1
)
−1.5
−1
−0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5