Revision of the BSAP Country Allocation Scheme

Principles and examples

Bo Gustafsson

Baltic Nest Institute Sweden

Stockholm Resilience Centre R e s e a r c h f o r G o v e r n a n c e o f S o c i a l - E c o l o g i c a l S y s t e m s

Country by basin definition

each color represents the drainage area to one of

the 7 marine basins

lines are country borders

Allocation scheme basic steps

1. Establish reference data on country by basin loads including all sources

1. From rivers

2. Coastal point sources

3. Atmospheric deposition

2. Subtract from each country by basin load the estimated reductions of loads due to UWWT-directive* implementation

3. Subtract from each country by basin load the estimated contributions from upstream non-HELCOM countries

4. Subtract contributions from non-HELCOM countries and ship traffic to the atmospheric nitrogen deposition

5. Calculate the share of load for each country to each basin based on steps 1-4.

* Rather HELCOM recommendations given in BSAP

Allocation scheme basic steps

6. Calculate reduction target per basin by subtraction of actual loads (Step 1) with the maximum allowable loads from the marine model

7. Subtract from each basin-wise reduction target the estimated reductions of loads due to UWWT-directive implementation

8. Subtract from basin-wise reduction target the estimated contributions from upstream non-HELCOM countries (in BSAP these loads were assumed to be removed by sewage treatment)

9. Obtain the country by basin allocation by multiplying the results from 6-7 with the share computed in Step 5

10.Add the estimated reductions of loads due to UWWT-directive implementation to the reduction targets for each country by basin

Main changes in the allocation scheme

BSAP 2007 New scheme

Maximum allowable loads

Land loads Land+ nitrogen atmospheric loads

Reference loads Land loads

Land + nitrogen atmospheric loads

Reference period 1997-2003 1997-2003 (2000-2006)

Flow normalization No Yes

Compensate for improved sewage treatment

Yes No/Yes?

Take retention into account for transboundary loads

No Yes/No?

Now to some calculations • PLC-5 load data is used

• EMEP’s calculations of source-receptor matrices

• Maximum allowable load as from BSAP 2007

• Transboundary land loads are taken as is from BSAP 2007

• WWTP calculations are taken as is from BSAP 2007

No atmospheric deposition

1997-2003

Not normalized loads

N 129 400 T

P 13 358 T

BSAP 2007

No atmospheric deposition

1997-2003

Not normalized loads

N 125 400 T

P 11 200 T

Based on PLC-5 data

Most similar to BSAP 2007

No atmospheric deposition, 1997-

2003

Normalized loads

N 95 700 T

P 9 600 T

No atmospheric deposition 2000-

2006

Normalized loads

N 87 800 T

P 10 700 T

Atmospheric deposition

1997-2003

Normalized loads

P 9 600 T

N 95 700 T

Atmospheric deposition

1997-2003

Normalized loads

No WWTP

N 97 500 T

P 10 700 T

Summary of reduction targets excluding common pool: 3779 tN, 1662 tP

Nitrogen Phosphorus

1. BSAP 2007 129 400 13 358

2. 97-03 non-norm. (rev. data) 125 400 11 200

3. 97-03 norm. (rev. data) 95 700 9 600

4. 00-06 norm. 87 800 10 700

5. As 3 + atm. deposition (N) 95 700 9 600

6. As 5 and no ex-ante WWTP 97 500 10 700

New developments in calculation of the reduction from WWT

improvment

• New compilations of data on STP and degree of connectivity

• New calculations of, potential, at source decreased loads

• New calculations of surface water retention to estimate effect at the river mouths

• PRELIMINARY RESULTS!

10 × 10 km grid containing

• Number of people connected and not connected to WWTP:s

– Year 2004 and 2007

• Cleaning rate

• Distance to sea

1. Population connectivity year 2004

2. Population connectivity year 2007

3. Population connectivity year 2007 + upgrading of cleaning efficiency of all connected population.

4. BSAP – All population connected according to goals in BSAP

1 Human → 3,9 kg N and 1,1 kg P per year

Example N from All Population – At source

Example N from All Population – At source

Surface water retention

TN & TP

•MESAW (Per Stålnacke et al)

• Hydraulic load / Specific discharge approach (Behrend & Opitz 2000 and Venohr et al 2003)

Surface water retention

N P

0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

70000000

Vistula

TN from All population without and with surface water retention (MESAW)

2004 2007

BSAP

All con uppgr.

+ r

eten

tion

+ r

eten

tion

+ r

eten

tion

+ r

eten

tio

n

Ex Vistula

Ton N from all Population

Ton N from all population after retention

Reduction (tons) before retention compared to 2007

Reduction (tons) after retention compared to 2007

2007 14590 6617

All connected upgraded

11523 5226 3067 1391

BSAP 4452 2019 10138 4598