Nutrient Issues Review of Nutrient Management Issues Addressed by EPA NODA for Proposed CAFO...
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Transcript of Nutrient Issues Review of Nutrient Management Issues Addressed by EPA NODA for Proposed CAFO...
Nutrient Issues
Review of Nutrient Management Issues
Addressed by EPA NODA for Proposed CAFO Regulations
Fundamental outcomes of a nutrient management plan:
Fundamental outcomes of a nutrient management plan:
1. Minimize concentration (accumulation) 1. Minimize concentration (accumulation) of nutrients within a CAFOof nutrients within a CAFO
2. Recycle 2. Recycle manure nutrients:manure nutrients:
match crop nutrient needsmatch crop nutrient needswith nutrient with nutrient
inputsinputs
1. Minimize concentration (accumulation) 1. Minimize concentration (accumulation) of nutrients within a CAFOof nutrients within a CAFO
Fundamental outcomes of a nutrient management plan:
3. Minimize contaminant 3. Minimize contaminant movement from land application sitemovement from land application site
2. Recycle 2. Recycle manure nutrients:manure nutrients:
match crop nutrient needsmatch crop nutrient needswith nutrient with nutrient
inputsinputs
1. Minimize concentration (accumulation) 1. Minimize concentration (accumulation) of nutrients within a CAFOof nutrients within a CAFO
Fundamental outcomes of a nutrient management plan:
3. Minimize contaminant 3. Minimize contaminant movement from land application sitemovement from land application site
Mandatory Mandatory setbacks setbacks or buffersor buffers
1. Minimize concentration (accumulation) 1. Minimize concentration (accumulation) of nutrients within a CAFOof nutrients within a CAFO
2. Recycle 2. Recycle manure nutrients:manure nutrients:
match crop nutrient needsmatch crop nutrient needswith nutrient with nutrient
inputsinputs
EPA’s partial CNMP focuses on:
Nutrient Issues
Issues of Agreement
1. Increased flexibility for states to set BMP’s.
Recommendation: Utilize University recommendations or NRCS 590 specifications as foundation for state specific nutrient management practices (e.g. soil & manure testing, P Index)
Nutrient Issues
Issues of Agreement
2. P-Banking is acceptable practice within certain limitations.
Recommendation: Multi-year P applications are acceptable if :– Crop N requirements are not exceeded.– Crop P should match “state-based” land grant
university of NRCS standards.
Nutrient Issues
Issues of Concern
1. EPA’s CNMP is only a “partial CNMP”.
Recommendation:
- EPA should clearly identify mandatory and voluntary elements of CNMP.
- EPA should credit plans targeting improved whole farm nutrient balance as “environmentally equivalent” to mandatory elements.
Nutrient Issues
Issues of ConcernIssues of Concern
2. CNMP currently focuses strictly on crop nutrient management planning & setbacks as only solutions.
Recommendation: All nutrient management tools should be recognized as providing environmental benefits by CAFO regs.
Nutrient Management Solutions:
Manure Manure treatment -treatment -
nutrient disposal nutrient disposal or exportor export
Efficient Efficient nutrient nutrient use in use in cropscrops
Efficient Efficient nutrient nutrient
use in feeding use in feeding programprogram
Conservation Conservation planplan
Nutrient Nutrient export export
to off-farm to off-farm usersusers
Conservation Conservation planplan
Nutrient Management Solutions:
Manure Manure treatment -treatment -
nutrient disposal nutrient disposal or exportor export
Nutrient Nutrient export export
to off-farm to off-farm usersusersBuffer StripsBuffer Strips
Efficient Efficient nutrient nutrient use in use in cropscrops
Efficient Efficient nutrient nutrient
use in feeding use in feeding programprogram
Conservation Conservation planplan
Nutrient Management Solutions:
Manure Manure treatment -treatment -
nutrient disposal nutrient disposal or exportor export
Nutrient Nutrient export export
to off-farm to off-farm usersusersBuffer StripsBuffer Strips
Efficient Efficient nutrient nutrient use in use in cropscrops
Efficient Efficient nutrient nutrient
use in feeding use in feeding programprogram
Will EPA recognize “Environmental Equivalent”
nutrient management solutions?
Nutrient Issues
Issues of ConcernIssues of Concern
3. Preference given to commercial fertilizer as opposed to manure nutrients:– P-Based Application Rates– 100’ foot setbacks– Increased liability imposed on off-farm users associated with manure use
as opposed to fertilizer.
Recommendation: The environmental benefits of manure applied at agronomic rate suggests that manure should not be restricted from situations where fertilizer is allowed.
Nutrient Issues
Increased Fertilizer UseIncreased Fertilizer Use
FarmBoundary
ManagedOutputs
Inputs
FertilizerCrops Sold
Feeds
Manure
Losses or Soil Losses or Soil StorageStorage
Nutrient Issues
Increased Fertilizer UseIncreased Fertilizer Use
FarmBoundary
ManagedOutputs
Inputs
FertilizerCrops Sold
Feeds
Manure
Losses or Soil Losses or Soil StorageStorage
Nutrient Issues
Increased Fertilizer UseIncreased Fertilizer Use
FarmBoundary
ManagedOutputs
Inputs
FertilizerCrops Sold
Feeds
Manure
Losses or Soil Losses or Soil StorageStorage
Nutrient Issues
4. Compliance is documented by completion of plan and implementation of practices and record keeping, not improved performance.
Recommendation: Environmental performance indicators should be optional procedure for documenting success of CNMP to EPA.
Issues of ConcernIssues of Concern
Nutrient Issues
Alternative Performance Indicators
Performance Outcome Indicator
1. Limit concentration of - Whole Farm nutrients within CAFO’s Nutrient Balance
2. Recycle manure nutrients - Crop N Balance within cropping system - Fertilizer Purchases
3. Minimize movement of - Surface water… pollutants from land Soil P Index application site. - Ground water… Crop N Balance
Nutrient Issues
Environmental Management System
component addressing nutrient issues.
Nutrient Outcomes & Performance Indicators Should Be Foundation for...
Nutrient Issues
Environmental Benefits of Manure Applied at Agronomic
Rates N leaching potential
soil erosion & runoff
soil carbon ….
crop productivity
• Replace energy intensive N fertilizer & limited resource P fertilizer
Nutrient Issues
FarmBoundary
ManagedOutputs
Nutrient Issues Addressed by EPA’s CNMP Inputs
Losses or Soil Losses or Soil StorageStorage
FertilizerCrops Sold
Feeds
Manure
Nit
rog
en I
np
uts
(%
of
To
tal)
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Nitrogen Inputs to Livestock Systems
<250 250-2500 >2500
15%
50%
3%
10%
50%
30%
3%
75%
20%
Animals
Fertilizer
Feeds
Legumes
32%
10%
2%
0
1
2
3
4
5
10 100 1,000 10,000
Livestock Capacity (Animal Units)
Ph
osp
ho
rus
Bal
ance
(R
atio
of
In/O
ut)
100,000
Phosphorus Whole Farm BalancePhosphorus Whole Farm Balance
0
1
2
3
4
5
10 100 1,000 10,000
Livestock Capacity (Animal Units)
Ph
osp
ho
rus
Bal
ance
(R
atio
of
In/O
ut)
100,000
Low Risk
Phosphorus Whole Farm BalancePhosphorus Whole Farm Balance
0
1
2
3
4
5
10 100 1,000 10,000
Livestock Capacity (Animal Units)
Ph
osp
ho
rus
Bal
ance
(R
atio
of
In/O
ut)
100,000
Low Risk
Increasing Risk
Phosphorus Whole Farm BalancePhosphorus Whole Farm Balance
Nutrient Issues
FarmBoundary
ManagedOutputs
Nutrient Flows on Livestock Farms Inputs
Losses or Soil Losses or Soil StorageStorage
Feed
Animals
Irrigation
Fertilizer
Legumes
Animals Sold
Manure Sold
Crops Sold
Feeds
Manure
Ph
osp
ho
rus
Inp
uts
(%
of
To
tal)
<250 250-2500 >2500
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Phosphorus Inputs to Livestock Systems
Animals
Fertilizer
Feeds
Ph
osp
ho
rus
Inp
uts
(%
of
To
tal)
<250 250-2500 >2500
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Phosphorus Inputs to Livestock Systems
35%
62%
3%Animals
Fertilizer
Feeds
Ph
osp
ho
rus
Inp
uts
(%
of
To
tal)
<250 250-2500 >2500
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Phosphorus Inputs to Livestock Systems
35%
62%
3%
33%
47%
20%Animals
Fertilizer
Feeds
Ph
osp
ho
rus
Inp
uts
(%
of
To
tal)
<250 250-2500 >2500
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Phosphorus Inputs to Livestock Systems
35%
62%
3%
33%
47%
20%
1%
74%
25%Animals
Fertilizer
Feeds