Nursing Unit Assistant

Nursing Unit Assistant NUA 130 – Pharmacology

Revised July 2018

ALL EXPERIENCE IS A DRUG EXPERIENCE. WHETHER IT’S

MEDIATED BY OUR OWN (ENDOGENOUS) DRUGS, OR WHETHER

IT’S MEDIATED BY SUBSTANCES THAT WE INGEST THAT ARE

FOUND IN PLANTS, COGNITION, CONSCIOUSNESS, THE WORKING

OF THE BRAIN, IT’S ALL A CHEMICALLY MEDIATED PROCESS.

LIFE ITSELF IS A DRUG EXPERIENCE.

Dennis McKenna

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NUA 130 - OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................................... 1

ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................. 2

IV SOLUTION ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 4

PHARMACOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................................... 4

PHARMACOLOGY VOCABULARY ................................................................................................................................ 4

DRUG NAMES ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

HOSPITAL FORMULARY PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 9

COMPENDIUM OF PHARMACEUTICALS and SPECIALTIES (CPS) .............................................................................. 10

THE TWENTY-FOUR HOUR CLOCK ............................................................................................................................... 12

OBJECTIVE: Various Types of Drugs and Their Categories .......................................................................................... 14

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS ..................................................................................................................................... 14

DRUGS THAT AFFECT DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISMS ............................................................................................ 16

REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT AFFECT DISEASE CAUSING ORGANISMS ......................................................................... 17

NERVOUS SYSTEM - Page 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 19

NERVOUS SYSTEM - Page 2 ...................................................................................................................................... 20

REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE NERVOUS STYSTEM .................................................................................... 21

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................................... 24

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................. 25

DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE ENDOCRINE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS ..................................................................... 25

DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM ......................................................................................... 27

REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM ...................................................................... 28

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................. 30

REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ................................................................................ 31

MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS AND VITAMINS .................................................................................................................... 33

VARIOUS VITAMINS AND THEIR USES...................................................................................................................... 34

REVIEW OF MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS AND VITAMINS ............................................................................................. 35

OBJECTIVE: Drug Administration ................................................................................................................................. 37

Components of a Medication Order .................................................................................................................... 37

ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................... 38

Oral (mouth or po) ............................................................................................................................................... 38

Inhalation ............................................................................................................................................................. 39

Topical ................................................................................................................................................................. 39

Rectal Administration (pr) ................................................................................................................................... 40

Ophthalmic Preparations ..................................................................................................................................... 40

Parenteral Administration ................................................................................................................................... 40

COMMON WAYS MEDICATIONS ARE PREPARED AND ADMINISTERED................................................................... 43

PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION ........................................................................................................................... 44

EXERCISES ................................................................................................................................................................ 46

REVISED JULY 2018 PG 1

NUA 130 - OVERVIEW

This course provides the learner with the pharmaceutical knowledge required by the Nursing

Unit Assistant to carry out relevant duties, including developing a pharmacology vocabulary,

listing various types of drugs and their categories, and describing ways of administering drugs.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course, learners will be able to:

• List examples of how pharmacological vocabulary is used by a Nursing Unit Assistant;

• Explain what a hospital formulary is and its uses in relation to the role of a Nursing Unit

Assistant;

• Describe what CPS is used for and list the purpose of each section in relation to the

Nursing Unit Assistant's position identify and explain common CPS symbols and how a

Nursing Unit Assistant would apply these in their position;

• Describe the purpose of DO NOT USE Abbreviations from ISMP (Institute of Safe

Medication Practices);

• Describe all components of a Medication Order• explain the purpose of a Medication

Administration Record.


ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION FULL TERM MEANING

Abx antibiotics

ac ante cibum before meals

amp ampoule pharmaceutical preparation

ASA acetylsalicylic acid example of an analgesic

cap capsule pharmaceutical preparation

cc cubic centimetres (unit of dosage) cubic centimetres

CR continuous release continuous release

DC, dc, d/c discontinue/discharge stop order

Dx diagnosis diagnosis

EC Enteric Coated enteric coated

elix elixir pharmaceutical preparation

gtt drops pharmaceutical preparation

G, gm, g, or gr gram unit of dosage

Heplock Heparin Lock Heparin Lock

hs at bedtime dosage time

Hx history

IM intramuscular drug administration route

IR Immediate Release immediate release

IU International Unit unit of dosage

IV intravenous drug administration route

KCL potassium chloride medication order

L, l litre unit of dosage

LOC laxative of choice/ level of consciousness medication order

meds medications medications

mEq milliequivalent unit of dosage

Mg, mg milligram unit of dosage

ml milliliter unit of dosage


ABBREVIATION FULL TERM MEANING

nebs refers to a nebulized medication

NKA No Known Allergies no known allergies

NTG Nitroglycerin nitroglycerin (drug)

O2 Oxygen oxygen

OD, od overdose/once daily/right eye dosage time

os left eye

oz ounce unit of dosage

pc post cibum after meals

PCA Patient Controlled Analgesia Patient Controlled Analgesia

PICC Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter peripherally inserted central catheter

po by mouth drug administration route

pr per rectum drug administration route

prn as necessary dosage time

puffs refers to an aerosol medication

administered by puffer qd every day

rec rectally rectally

Rx prescription

sc subcutaneous subcutaneous

sl sublingual drug administration route

SL Saline Lock saline lock

SR Slow Release slow release

supp suppository pharmaceutical preparation

Sx surgery/symptoms

STAT immediately dosage time

tab tablet pharmaceutical preparation

TPN Total Parenteral Nutrition drug administration route

Tx treatment

u units (dosage of a medication) units (dosage of a medication)

ung ointment


IV SOLUTION ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION

NS 0.9%

D5NS 5% Dextrose in 0.9%Normal Saline

D51/2NS 5% Dextrose in 0.45% Normal Saline

NSc20mEqKCL 0.9% Normal Saline with 20 mEq of Potassium

Chloride NSc40mEqKCL 0.9% Normal Saline with 40 mEq of Potassium

Chloride D5W 5% Dextrose in Water

RL Ringer’s Lactate

PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacology is a broad term that includes the study of drugs and their actions in the body.

More specifically, pharmacology is the science of drugs including:

• their composition, uses, and effects;

• their origin; and

• their effect on the body

PHARMACOLOGY VOCABULARY

Accumulation: The administration of small, repeated doses of a drug so that the drug

builds up, or accumulates, in the body.

Additive effect: The combined effect of two drugs that is equal to the sum of the effects of

each drug taken alone.

Allergic reaction: An untoward reaction that develops after the individual has taken a drug.

Amphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant.

Anaphylaxis: A hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism.

Symptoms may include hives, asthma, and rhinitis.

Antacid: Gastrointestinal drug which neutralizes the acid in the stomach.

Antagonism: The combined effect of two drugs that is less than the effect of either

drug taken alone.

Anti-arrhythmic: Cardiovascular drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle.


Antibiotic: A chemical substance, produced by a microorganism, which has the

ability to inhibit or kill foreign organisms in the body.

Anticoagulant: A drug which prevents the formation of clots in blood vessels.

Anticonvulsant: A drug used to prevent convulsions, such as in epilepsy.

Anti-diarrheal: Drug used to prevent diarrhea.

Antidote: An agent, which is given to counteract the unwanted effect of a drug.

Antihistamine: A drug which blocks the action of histamine in the body and helps

prevent allergic symptoms.

Anti-nauseant: An agent, which relieves nausea and vomiting.

Antiviral: An agent, that is effective against viruses.

Barbiturate: A sedative and hypnotic drug.

Biosynthesis: Formation of a chemical compound by enzymes, either within an

organism (in vivo) or in vitro by fragments of cells

Brand name: Commercial name for a drug; normally the property of the drug

manufacturer; also called trade name.

Cardiotonic: Drug which promotes the muscle tone (contractility) of the heart.

Cathartic: A drug, which relieves constipation.

Chemical name: A chemical formula for a drug.

Cholinergic: A drug, which has the same effect as acetylcholine on the body, that is, a

parasympathetic effect.

Contraindications: Factors in a patient’s condition, which prevents the use of a particular

drug or treatment.

Depressant: An agent that reduces functional or vital activity.

Diagnostic: Pertaining to the art or act of determining the nature of a patient’s

disease.

Diuretic: An agent, which affects blood pressure by increasing production of urine

and thus reducing the volume of fluid in the body.

Emetic: An agent, which promotes vomiting.

Food and Drug: US Governmental agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing

proper drug manufacture and clinical use.

Generic name: The legal, non-commercial name for a drug.

Hospital Formulary: A Reference listing of drugs and their appropriate clinical usage.

Hypnotic: An agent, which produces sleep.

Idiosyncrasy: A rare type of toxic effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual

but not seen in most patients.


Laxative: Weak cathartic.

Molecular pharmacology: Study of the interaction of drugs and cells or sub cellular entities

such as DNA, RNA, and enzymes.

Narcotic: Habit-forming drug which relieves pain and produces stupor or

insensibility.

Parasympathomimetic: A drug, which acts in the same manner as the parasympathetic

nervous system (reduces heart rate and stimulates peristalsis).

Parenteral administration: Administration of drugs by injection into the skin, muscles, or

veins.

Pharmacodynamics: Study of how drugs achieve their effects in living organisms, including

their absorption, metabolism, and excretion from the body.

Phenothiazines: Major tranquilizers used for control of psychoses.

Prophylactic: An agent or measure used to prevent disease

Purgative: A strong cathartic.

Sedative: A mild hypnotic drug; relaxing without necessarily producing sleep.

Side effect: An unpredictable effect that is not related to the main action of the drug.

Stimulant: An agent, which excites and promotes functional activity.

Sulfonamides: A Bacteriostatic agents.

Suppository: Cone-shaped objects containing medication, which are inserted into the

rectum, vagina, or urethra.

Sympathomimetic: A drug which acts like the sympathetic nervous system (increases heart

rate and blood pressure and opens air passages.)

Synergism: The joint action of agents in which their combined effect is more intense

or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects.

Tolerance: Increasing resistance to the usual effects of an established dosage of a

drug as a result of continued use.

Toxicity: The harmful effects of a drug.

Tranquilizers: Drugs used to control anxiety.


Drugs are chemical agents that produce biological responses within the body. They are used

to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease.

Therapeutic drugs are sometimes classified on the basis of how they are produced, either

chemically or naturally. More traditional drugs are chemically produced or synthesized in a

laboratory. Biologics are agents naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms, or by the

body itself. Natural alternative therapies are herbs, natural extracts, vitamins, minerals, or

dietary supplements.

Examples of Subdivisions of Study:

Therapeutics: Use of drugs and method of administration in treatment for disease.

Chemotherapy: Study of drugs that destroy malignant cells and their effects on the body.

Toxicology: The science that deals with poisons, their detection, and the symptoms,

diagnosis, and treatment of conditions caused by them.

Pharmacy: The preparation and dispensing of drugs for medical use.

The word Pharmacy is derived from the Greek word meaning drug, and is the profession of

preparing, compounding and dispensing drugs for medicinal use. Pharmacists are drug

therapy experts and the primary health professionals who optimize medication management to

produce positive health outcomes.

Drugs are dispensed by a Pharmacist whose area of work/shop is called a Pharmacy.

Agents may be classified as traditional drugs, biologics, and natural alternatives. These

chemical or biological substances are used to prevent or treat disease, or to beneficially alter

body functions.


DRUG NAMES

Most medications have several names. They are as follows:

Chemical Name: The exact designation of the chemical structure of a drug, often long and

complicated. Not used in doctor’s orders.

Generic or Non-Proprietary/Official Name: Shorter, less complicated name that is recognized

as identifying the drug for legal and scientific purposes; there is only one generic name for a

drug, and the generic name is not capitalized. There are a few exceptions to this rule (eg.

Lorazepam = Ativan).

Trade/Brand/Proprietary Name: Assigned by the company marketing the drug. The name

selected is usually short and easy to remember. There can be many trade/brand names for a

generic drug, but the trade name is capitalized.

For example:

Chemical Generic Trade/Brand

Derivative of 6-aminopenicillanic acid Ampicillin Ampicin

Omnipen

N.B. A drug has only one generic name but may have many trade names, depending on how

many companies manufacture it.

N.B. When a doctor orders a drug using a specific trade name, the Pharmacist must dispense

that specific drug; no other brand name may be substituted unless a hospital Substitution

Policy exists. Under this policy, the pharmacist may substitute a different brand for the one that

is prescribed, or the pharmacist may substitute the generic equivalent.


HOSPITAL FORMULARY PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCES

Hospital Formulary – are the drugs and therapeutics available in a particular hospital; drugs/

agents included in the hospital formulary are at the discretion of the appropriate parties on the

medical staff and in conjunction with the hospital pharmacy department.

Gives information re: characteristics of drugs; their clinical usage; and identifies if the hospital

stocks the drug, or what the formulary equivalent of the drug that is used in the hospital.

Drug names identified on the hospital formulary can be listed using either a generic or

Trade/Brand name (generally, what is more commonly used). Often doctors will have a

preference as to what name they use when writing orders.

Examples of generic and Trade/Brand names:

Generic Trade

Cefazolin Ancef

Acetaminophen Tylenol

Furosemide Lasix

Ranitidine Zantac


COMPENDIUM OF PHARMACEUTICALS and SPECIALTIES (CPS)

What is it? Published annually, as a Canadian reference, by the Canadian

Pharmaceutical Association (Ottawa).

Lists most drugs available in Canada (over 3,000 entries).

Why use it? Provides the most up-to-date information on drugs available in Canada.

Drug information is based on the official product monographs accepted

by the Health Protection Branch of Health Canada.

Prior to drug information being published in the CPS, the facts are

reviewed and verified by an editorial panel of Pharmacists and

Physicians.

Who uses it? Health care professionals – Doctors, Pharmacists, Nurses, NUAs,

PT/OT...

A current CPS is available on every nursing unit.

The CPS contains information on proprietary and non-proprietary drugs. Drugs are listed in

alphabetical order by brand name. The CPS consists of several color-coded sections, making

it easier to locate the section of interest. Each section focuses on a different area and a cross-

reference is available to move quickly between brand and generic named drugs.

The NUA must be able to:

Use the CPS correctly

Need to know how to:

Spell

Pronounce

ID Trade & Generic Name

ID Drug Category

CPS Symbols

C Controlled drug (has no narcotic, but could possibly be addictive)

N Narcotic (very addictive and can also be controlled)

Pr Prescription Required

R Registered Trademark

* Drugs are classified according to their action and toxicities

OTC = Over The Counter


Using the CPS books or online access, describe what each coloured section is used for:

Front Section

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Green Section

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Pink Section

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Glossy (pictures) Section

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Yellow Section

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Lilac Section

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

White Section

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


THE TWENTY-FOUR HOUR CLOCK

The 24-hour clock is the convention of time keeping in which the day runs from midnight to

midnight and is divided into 24 hours, indicated by the hours passed since midnight, from 0 to

23. This system is the most commonly used time notation in the world today.

A limited number of countries, particularly English-speaking nations, use the 12-hour clock as

a standard, or a mixture of the 24- and 12-hour time systems. In countries where the 12-hour

clock is still dominant, some professions prefer to use the 24-hour clock. For example, in the

practice of medicine the 24-hour clock is generally used in documentation of care as it

prevents any ambiguity as to when events occurred in a patient's medical history.


Change into the Twenty-four Hour Clock (no need for colons [:] or AM/PM)

4:56 PM __________

7:18 PM __________

11:23 PM __________

12:22 PM __________

9:40 PM __________

11:07 PM __________

7:50 PM __________

12:07 AM __________

Change into 12 hour clock

1222 __________

1458 __________

1514 __________

0815 __________

HINT: LESS THAN 12 is AM and is indicated with a 0 in front (0700 hrs)

MORE THAN 12 is PM and to find what hour in the PM just add the number to 12

Example: to find 3PM just add 3 to 12 and get 15 (3PM = 1500hrs)


OBJECTIVE: VARIOUS TYPES OF DRUGS AND THEIR CATEGORIES

GOALS

1. To be able to list the various types of drugs and their categories.

2. Describe the general purpose of the selected drug groups.

3. Recognize the most commonly used drugs, listed in bold, along with their alternate name and identify the drug group to which they belong.

4. To complete exercises on drugs’ trade/generic names.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

There are major drug classes that are based on their action on the body:

1. ACE Inhibitors used in the treatment of high blood pressure and heart

disease

2. Analgesics (narcotic and non-narcotic) relieve pain

3. Anesthetics decrease or eliminate sensation

4. Antacids neutralize excess stomach acid

5. Antibacterial destroys or stops the growth of bacteria

6. Antibacterial Sulfonamide drug used to treat urinary tract infections

7. Antibiotics inhibit/stop the growth of bacteria, fungi, or parasites

8. Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting

9. Anticonvulsants prevent or decrease severity of seizures

10. Antidepressants act as a mood elevator, to relieve the symptoms of

depression

11. Antidiarrheal treat diarrhea

12. Antiemetic helps to prevent vomiting and relieves nausea

13. Antihistamines used to treat allergic reactions and postoperative nausea

and vomiting

14. Antihypertensive treats high blood pressure

15. Anti-inflammatory

Analgesics used primarily for disorders of the joints

16. Antineoplastic used to treat carcinoma

17. Antiparkinson agents used for the treatment of Parkinson Disease

18. Antipsychotics given to reduce mental tension and anxiety related to

psychotic disorders

19. Antipyretic are drugs used to reduce body temperature in situations

such as fever


20. Antiseptics are chemical agents, which kill or prevent the growth of

micro-organisms

21. Antitussive Expectorants facilitates expectoration and controls cough

22. Antivirals are combination products used to kill or prevent the growth

of viruses

23. Anxiolytics used to relieve anxiety and tension

24. Bronchodilators open up constricted air passages

25. Cardiovascular drugs act on heart and blood vessels i.e. antihypertensive,

anticoagulants, anti-anginal agents

26. Corticosteroids/

Glucocorticoids drugs are used to treat inflammatory conditions and

severe allergic reactions

27. Cardiotonics affect the heart by improving its pumping action

28. Cathartics used to treat constipation

29. Diuretics increases urine production, which aids in lowering Blood

Pressure

30. Endocrine drugs act as body’s own naturally occurring hormones

(e.g. insulins, oral hypoglycemic, etc)

31. GI Drugs used to relieve uncomfortable and potentially dangerous

symptoms (e.g. Antacids, antiemetic’s, cathartics,

antidiarrheal, etc.)

32. Histamin H2 Receptor

Antagonists treat ulcers by reducing gastric acid secretion

33. Insulins necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates

34. Iron Deficiency Tx used to treat anemia

35. Oral Hypoglycemic drugs that control hyperglycemia in stable or mild

conditions of diabetes mellitus

36. Parasympatholytics used to overcome spasm of involuntary muscles and inhibit

secretions

37. Proton Pump Inhibitor used to treat peptic ulcers

38. Respiratory drugs act on the respiratory system (e.g. bronchodilators,

expectorants

39. Stimulants act on brain to speed up vital organs (heart, lungs) in

cases of shock and collapse

40. Ulcerative Colitis Therapy aim is to resolve symptoms and prevent flare-ups

41. Upper G.I. Motility Modifier stimulates motility of the Upper GI Tract

42. Vasodilators causes the blood vessels in the heart to dilate

43. Vitamins are essential for the maintenance of normal body functions


DRUGS THAT AFFECT DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISMS

Drug Classifications Trade Name Generic Name Description

Antibacterials Drugs that destroy or stop the growth of bacteria

Antiseptic

Hibitane Chlorhexidine

1st, 2nd, & 3rd Generation Cephalosporins

Ancef Cefazolin

Ceftriaxone

Ceftizoxime

Cefuroxime

Ceftazidime

Others Amoxil Amoxicillin

Ampicin Ampicillin

Avelox Moxifloxacin

Biaxin Clarithromycin

Penicillin V

Penicillin G

Ciproxin Ciprofloxacin

Dalacin C Clindamycin

Erythromic Erythromycin

Flagyl Metronidazole

Macrobid Nitrofurantoin

Merrem Meropenem

Vancocin Vancomycin

Zithromax Azithromycin

Zosyn Piperacillin / Tazobactam

Antifungals Canesten Clotrimazole Drugs that destroy or stop the growth of fungus

Diflucan Fluconazole

Nizoral Ketoconazole

Nilstat Nystatin

Antivirals Avirax Acyclovir Drugs that destroy or stop the growth of viruses

Valtrex Valacyclovir

Antineoplastics Drugs that are used to treat cancer


REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT AFFECT DISEASE CAUSING ORGANISMS

1. Fill in the Blanks and give the correct Drug Classification

cefa___________________ _______________________

_________________acin C _______________________

Cane__________________ _______________________

ceftr__________________ _______________________

____________________bid _______________________

Zos___________________ _______________________

Nizo___________________ _______________________

_________________penem _______________________

Nil____________________ _______________________

__________________clovir _______________________

2. The definition of an antibacterial is:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. List three antibacterial drugs:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. The definition of an antiviral is:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Give the trade name of a drug used to treat Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff).

________________________________________________________________________

6. Give the generic name of a drug used to treat pneumonia.

________________________________________________________________________


7. Define the following symbols:

R _____________________________________________________

C ___________________________________________________________________________

N __________________________________________________________________________

Pr

__________________________________________________________________________

8. C.P.S. is an abbreviation for:

________________________________________________________________________

9. Fill in the blanks:

Generic Trade

1. Zithromax

2. Flagyl

3. NILSTAT

4. Amoxil

5. Ancef

6. Valtrex


NERVOUS SYSTEM - Page 1

Drug Classification Description Trade Name Generic Name

Opioid Analgesics Management of moderate Demerol meperidine

or to severe pain Dilaudid hydromorphone

Narcotic Analgesics Duragesic fentanyl (patch)

M-Eslon morphine

MSIR morphine

Morphine Sulphate morphine

Toradol ketorolac

Tylenol #3

acetaminophen

(300mg)

& codeine (30mg)

Oxycontin oxycodone

Non-Opioid Management of mild to

ASA/Bayer’s Aspirin acetylsalicylic acid

Analgesics/ moderate pain and may Advil ibuprofen

Antipyretics also be used as an Tylenol Plain acetaminophen

antipyretic Toradol ketorolac

Anti-inflammatory Management of joint pain in Entrophen EC ASA

Analgesics conditions such as rheumatoid Indocid indomethacin

arthritis and osteoarthritis Anaprox naproxen

Voltaren diclofenac

Celebrex celecoxib

Anti-convulsants Management of seizures Depakene valproic acid

Dilantin phenytoin

Neurontin gabapentin

Anti-Alzheimer's

Treatment of mild to moderate

dementia Aricept donepezil

Agents associated with Reminyl galantamine

Alzheimer's disease


NERVOUS SYSTEM - Page 2


Anti-parkinson Management of Parkinson's Sinemet levodopa

Agents Disease. Helps to control Cogentin benztropine

tremors, muscle weakness

and rigidity

Anti-Anxiety Agents Used to decrease or Ativan lorazepam

relieve anxiety or Serax oxazepam

Tension Valium diazepam

Anti-Psychotics Used to reduce mental Zyprexa olanzapine

tension and anxiety Haldol haloperidol

related to psychotic Loxapac loxapine

disorders Risperdal risperidone

Anti-Depressants Used in the management Zoloft sertraline

of depression Elavil amitriptyline

Prozac fluoxetine

Celexa citalopram

Local Anaesthetics Used to numb a small area Xylocaine lidocaine

of the body by "deadening"

the nerves in that area


REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE NERVOUS STYSTEM

1. Fill in the blanks and give the correct drug classification.

Dur_________________ ______________________

________________taren ______________________

pheny_______________ ______________________

_______________contin ______________________

done________________ ______________________

Hal_________________ ______________________

________________coxib ______________________

2. State the generic name for the following narcotic analgesics:

Tylenol #3 __________________________

Demerol __________________________

DILAUDID __________________________

3. State the definition of a non-opioid analgesic:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. List 3 drugs a physician might order as anti-inflammatory analgesics (Trade Names)

1. __________________________________

2. __________________________________

3. __________________________________


5. State the generic name and drug category for the following drugs:

Generic Name Drug Category

1. DEMEROL

2. TYLENOL

3. DEPAKENE

4. SERAX

5. ANAPROX

6. RISPERDAL

7. SINEMET

8. COGENTIN

9. ZOLOFT

10. XYLOCAINE

11. ATIVAN

12. LOXAPAC

13. ADVIL

14. DILANTIN

15. REMINYL

16. ELAVIL

17. ENTROPHEN

18. NEURONTIN

19. PROZAC

20. TORADOL


7. Define the following terms:

1. Anticonvulsant

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Anti-Parkinson Agent

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Anti-Anxiety

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Anti-Psychotic

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Anti-Depressant

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. Analgesics

a. Opioid /Narcotic

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

b. Anti-inflammatory

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c. Non-Opioid/ Antipyretic

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________


ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Description Trade Name Generic Name

Antidiabetics Drugs used in the

management of

Diabetes Mellitus

1. Insulins Drugs used in the

management of

Novolin N NPH insulin

Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes

Mellitus

Novolin R regular insulin

Humalog insulin lispro

Novolog insulin aspart

2. Oral Hypoglycemics Drugs used in the

management of

Diabeta glyburide

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Glucophage metformin

Precose acarbose

Corticosteroids Drugs used to treat, for

example

inflammatory conditions

and


1. Systemic Corticosteroids

(administered orally or by

IV)

Solu-cortef hydrocortisone

Decadron dexamethasone

Deltasone prednisone

Solumedrol methylprednisolone

2. Inhaled Corticosteroids (administered by

anpuffer/nebulizer)

Flovent fluticasone

an inhaler) Pulmicort budesonide


RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE ENDOCRINE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

State the Generic or Trade name for the following drugs and its Drug Classification:

Drug Name Drug Classification

1. Novolin R

2. Solu-cortef

3. Diabeta

4. Humalog

5. glyburide

6. budesonide

7. NPH insulin

8. Glucophage

9. terbutaline


Bronchodilators Drugs that open up constricted Ventolin salbutamol

air passages Atrovent ipratropium

(administered by puffer/diskus) Spiriva tiotropium

Bricanyl terbutaline

Serevent salmeterol

Combination Diskus Advair fluticasone/

salmeterol


10. Pulmicort

11. metformin

12. insulin lispro

13. Decadron

14. Spiriva

15. ipratroprium

16. Solumedrol

17. prednisone

Define the following terms:

1. Insulins

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Oral Hypoglycemics

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Corticosteroids

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. Bronchodilators

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM


Antiulcer Drugs Drugs used to treat and prevent peptic (stomach) ulcers and GERD

Antacids Drugs that neutralize excess stomach acid (ie. relieve heartburn and indigestion)

Amphojel aluminum hydroxide

Maalox magnesium

hydroxide

Proton Pump Inhibitors Drugs that reduce the production of gastric acid

Nexium esomeprazole

Pantoloc pantoprazole

Prevacid lansoprazole

Histamine H2 Receptor Drugs that reduce gastric acid secretion

Zantac ranitidine

Blockers

Antiemetics Drugs that help prevent vomiting and relieve nausea

Gravol dimenhydrinate

Maxeran metoclopramide

Stemetil prochlorperazine

Zofran ondansetron

Cathartics/Laxatives Drugs that are used to treat constipation

Citro-Mag magnesium citrate

Colace docusate

Dulcolax bisacodyl

Fleet Enema phosphate enema

Metamucil psyllium

Apo-Lactulose lactulose

Antidiarrheals Antidiarrheals

Drugs used to prevent diarrhea Imodium loperamide

Ulcerative Colitis Therapy Drugs that decrease inflammation in ulcerative colitis

Asacol mesalamine

Upper GI Motility Modifier

Drugs that stimulate motility of the upper GI tract

Motilium domperidone


REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

1. State the Generic Name and the Drug Classification for the following drugs:

Generic Name Drug Classification

1. Motilium

2. Gravol

3. Maalox

4. Zofran

5. Imodium

6. Pantoloc

7. Amphojel

8. Zantac

9. Fleet Enema

10. Prevacid

11.Nexium

12. Asacol

13. Maxeran

14. Dulcolax

15. Stemetil

16. Colace

17. Metamucil



a) Antacids

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

b) Antiemetics

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

c) Cathartics/Laxatives

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

d) Antidiarrheals

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

e) Histamine H2 Receptor Blockers

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

f) Ulcerative Colitis Therapy

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

g) Upper G.I. Motility Modifier

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. Name a drug that a physician would prescribe to reduce gastric acid secretion:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

a) What drug classification does the drug belong to?


CIRCULATORY SYSTEM


Cardiotonics Drugs that affect the heart by improving its pumping action.

Lanoxin digoxin

Diuretics Drugs that increase urine production which aids in lowering blood pressure and decreasing swelling.

Aldactone spironolactone HCTZ hydrochlorothiazide Lasix furosemide

Anti-hypertensives Drugs that treat high blood

pressure.

1. Ace Inhibitors

Altace ramipril Vasotec enalapril

2. Beta Blockers

Sectral acebutolol

Inderal propranolol

Lopressor metoprolol

3. Angiotensin II Receptor

Antagonists

Atacand candesartan

Cozaar losartan

Diovan valsartan

Coronary Vasodilators Drugs that cause the blood vessels of the heart to dilate.

Isordil isosorbide

Anti-Anginals Nitro-Dur nitroglycerin

(patch)

Cardizem diltiazem

Anticoagulants (Oral) Drugs that inhibit clotting of the

blood.

Coumadin warfarin Eliquis apixaban Xarelto rivaroxaban

Anticoagulants (Parenteral) Heplock heparin

(Heparins) Fraxiparine nadroparin (LMWH)

Fragmin

dalteparin (LMWH)

Lovenox enoxaparin

(LMWH)

Lipid-Lowering Agents Drugs used in the treatment of hypercholestrolemia

Lipitor atorvastatin

Crestor rosuvastatin


REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Fill in the blanks:

Complete the drug name Drug Classification

1) _________________gylcerin

2) Isor_____________________

3) ___________________dizem

4) Aldac___________________

5) ___________________deral

6) ____________________tace

7) dig_____________________

8) Frag____________________

9) ____________________farin

10) Sec_____________________

2. State the TRADE Name for the following drugs:

Drug Name TRADE Name Drug Classification

1. enalapril

2. digoxin

3. nitroglycerin

4. warfarin

5. isosorbide

6. furosemide

7. nadroparin

8. spironolactone

9. diltiazem

10.hydrochlorothiazid

e



a. Cardiotonics

b. Diuretics

c. Anti-hypertensives

d. Coronary Vasodilators/Anti-Anginals

e. Anticoagulants

4. Name two drugs that a physician would prescribe to treat high blood pressure.

_____________________________________ and ___________________________________

What drug classifications do the drugs belong to?

____________________________________________________________________________


MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS AND VITAMINS

Drug

Classification


Antihistamines Drugs used to treat allergic reactions

and post-op nausea and vomiting Benadryl diphenhydramine

Antianemics Drugs used to treat anemia Fergon ferrous gluconate

Folate folic acid

Vitamin B12 cobalamin

Anticholinergics/

Parasympatholytics

Drugs used to overcome spasm of involuntary muscles and inhibit secretions

Atropine atropine

Robinul glycopyrrolate

Anti-gout Agents Drugs used to prevent attacks of gouty arthritis

Zyloprim allopurinol

Colchicine colchicine

Potassium

Supplements

Drugs used to replace potassium expelled in urine

KCl or KCL iv administration

chloride(IV)

K-Dur potassium chloride(po)

Slow K potassium chloride(po)

Thyroid Hormone Drugs used in replacement of diminished or absent thyroid function

Synthroid levothyroxine

Sedative Drugs used to treat insomnia Imovane zopiclone

Vitamins Essential elements for the maintenance of normal body functions

Vitamin C ascorbic acid

Multivites multi-vitamins

Vitamin B1 thiamine

Vitamin D cholecalciferol

Vitamin K


VARIOUS VITAMINS AND THEIR USES

Name Food Source Deficiency Symptom

Vitamin A green leafy vegetables, egg

yolks, cod liver oil

night blindness

xerophthalmia Vitamin B1

(thiamine)

yeast, liver, whole grains beriberi (neurological disorder)

Vitamin B2

(riboflavin)

milk, cheese, eggs, poultry,

liver

cheilosis, stomatitis, dermatosis

Niacin

(nicotinic acid)

yeast, liver, peanuts, wheat

germ

pellagra

Vitamin B6

(pyridoxine)

liver, yeast, fish anemias, neuropathy convulsions

in infancy Vitamin B12

(cobalamin)

liver, dairy products pernicious anemia

Vitamin C

(ascorbic acid)

citrus fruits, vegetables scurvy (gingivitis, hemorrhages)

Vitamin D cod liver oil, milk, egg yolks rickets, osteomalacia

Vitamin E green leafy vegetables, wheat

germ

hemolysis

Folic Acid meat, green leafy vegetables pancytopenia

Vitamin K liver, vegetable oils, leafy

vegetables

hemorrhages


REVIEW OF MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS AND VITAMINS

1. State the Generic Name for the following drugs:

Generic Name Drug Classification

1. Vitamin c

2. Atropine

3. Imovane

4. KCL

5. Multivites

6. Synthroid

7. Fergon

8. Benadryl

9. Vitamin B1

10. K-Dur

11. Folate

12. Vitamin B12



a. Vitamins

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

b. Antihistamines

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

c. Antianemics

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

d. Parasympatholytics

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

e. Potassium Supplements

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

f. Sedative

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


OBJECTIVE: DRUG ADMINISTRATION

GOAL

• List and describe the five components of a medication order

• List and describe the different ways of administering drugs

• Define the different pharmaceutical preparations

• Understand the medication time schedule

Components of a Medication Order

All medication orders are written with specific components that make the order complete.

This includes directions for the person giving the medication. The order of the components

may be written in a slightly different order, but the order is not complete without the following:

1. The Name of the Drug

2. Dose of drug (the amount)

3. Route of administration (how the drug will be given)

4. Time of administration (when & frequency)

5. Qualifying phrase (why it is being given)

Component 1: Name of Drug

Lets the nurse and pharmacist know what drug is to be dispensed and given to the patient.

Drugs prescribed that are not on the hospital formulary will be clarified first and then a suitable

alternative will be given or the patient’s family will be asked to bring in the medication.

Component 2: Dosage

The dosage is the amount of the drug to be given to the patient.

Component 3: Routes of Administration

The doctor will specify how the medication is to be administered to the patient and by what

administration route.

Component 4: Frequency of Administration

The doctor will include in the order the time and frequency that the medication is to be given.

Component 5: Qualifying Phrase

The doctor may wish to order a drug for a particular purpose. A phrase to this effect may be

included as part of the medication order, but is not always included.

Example: 1 - Tylenol 2 - 325mg 3 - po 4 – q4h 5 – for pain

Other relevant information included in the medication order is: (1) Date and time the order was written

(2) Physician signature


ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS

The route of administration of a drug (how it is introduced into the body) is very important in

determining the rate and completeness of its absorption into the bloodstream and the speed

and duration of the drug’s action in the body.

The various methods of administering drugs are described below:

Oral (mouth or po)

Medications are taken by mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the digestive

system. The patient swallows the medication, which may be in the form of a capsule, pill,

tablet, or liquid. Absorption of the medication is slow and is not feasible if the patient is

vomiting.

Example: Tylenol PL 1-2 tabs po bid for pain

Sublingual (SL/sl)

Medication is placed under the tongue, where it must be retained until it is dissolved or

absorbed. The active ingredient is absorbed slowly into the bloodstream.

Example: Ativan 1mg sl at bedtime for sleep

For some agents, absorption may be rapid. Nitroglycerin tablets are taken in this way to treat

attacks of angina pectoris.

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjy29Os9JLcAhWjCTQIHVA8DeYQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.awakenedtopicals.com/education-tinctures/&psig=AOvVaw11J4_Cw5paCg1LSWqYQ7xc&ust=1531256291885926


Inhalation

Medications are administered by nasal or oral respiration. Typically, the medication is inhaled

via a mask or aerosol. The most common inhaled drugs are those intended for direct use on

the respiratory tract, as in the treatment of asthma.

Example: theophylline 1-2 puffs q3-4h to relieve asthma

Topical

Medications are applied to body surfaces

such as the skin or mucous membranes.

Types of topical medications include balms,

creams, oils, ointment, lotions, powder,

sprays, patches or any other product that

can be applied to the skin.

Example: Apply Polysporin ointment to Rt.

arm wound bid.

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjnk6jd9JLcAhU-CDQIHfNaDv8QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/administration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-administration&psig=AOvVaw27IKA7z89KZu4MVGorKRAW&ust=1531256377899879

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjWh9r79JLcAhU5CTQIHZnBCuwQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://medcitynews.com/2012/02/topical-drug-for-inflammatory-skin-conditions-banks-on-natural-safe-profile/skin-rash-cream/&psig=AOvVaw1vsF4DJcINBsOEUBpZEDtm&ust=1531256437085509


Rectal Administration (pr)

Suppositories (cone shaped objects containing drugs) and aqueous solutions are inserted into

the rectum. At times, drugs are given by rectum when oral administration presents difficulties,

such as when the patient is nauseated and vomiting.

Example: Give one glycerin suppository now for constipation

Ophthalmic Preparations

Medications are used to treat local conditions of the eye and surrounding structures, and are

usually given in the form of eye drops (gtt), eye irrigation, and ointments.

Example: Give i-ii drops of antibiotics to both eyes twice daily

Parenteral Administration

Medications are administered by injecting drugs through a syringe directly under the skin

(subcutaneous) or into the vein (intravenous), into the muscle (intramuscular), or into a body

cavity (intracavitary or in intraperitoneal). The absorption of this type of medication is generally

faster than oral administration and is used when more complete and faster absorption is needed.

The term parenteral refers to all the ways in which drugs are administered with a needle.

There are six different types of parenteral injections:

1. Intradermal injection - this shallow injection is made into the upper layers of the skin and

is used chiefly in skin testing for allergic reactions.

Example: Tuberculosis test

2. Subcutaneous injection (sc) - this is also called a hypodermic injection, and is given into

the subcutaneous layer under the skin. The outer surface of the arm is a usual location for

this injection.

Example: Heparin 5000 unit sc today

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizlYim9ZLcAhVhFzQIHbAlDmwQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939641116309080&psig=AOvVaw10HXT_tnyZTHrMYlZX3Amt&ust=1531256527923692


3. Intramuscular injection (IM) - the drug is administered directly into the muscle generally

the buttock or upper thigh. When drugs are irritating to the skin or when a large volume of

long acting drug is needed, IM injections are advisable.

Example: Morphine 5-10 mg IM q4-6 hr prn

4. Intravenous injection (IV) – the drug is administered directly into the veins. It is given

when an immediate effect from the drug is desired or when the drug cannot be given into

other tissues. Good technical skill is needed in administering this injection, since leakage

of drugs into surrounding tissues may result in damage to tissues.

Example: Ancef 500 mg IV q6hr

http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjluoHB9ZLcAhUUFzQIHTxtDJwQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://inside-pharma.blogspot.com/2015/08/route-of-drug-administration-part-24.html&psig=AOvVaw38oMnvTECJct8nkbZbF0E2&ust=1531256580191153


5. Intrathecal injection - this injection is made into the sheath of membranes which surround

the spinal cord and brain. Intrathecal injections are often used to produce anesthesia

within the central nervous system.

Example: Chemotherapy or spinal anesthesia

6. Intracavity / Intraperitoneal injection - this injection is made into a body cavity, such as

the peritoneal or pleural cavity.

Example: Chemotherapy drugs

http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjC082-g5PcAhU6CDQIHSeSBNAQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://www.arcadiadigital.info/xteniinfo-intrathecal-injection.html&psig=AOvVaw0aOy6l5qWIHpXUUwFA4oRy&ust=1531260346717060

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjn5abDhJPcAhV4IzQIHWkvBYUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pleural%2Btap&psig=AOvVaw1f4nP7a0zK8o09FwMOWwKs&ust=1531260629143793


COMMON WAYS MEDICATIONS ARE PREPARED AND ADMINISTERED


PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION

DEFINITIONS:

Ampoule (amp) Small glass vial sealed to keep contents sterile; preparations are used

for subcutaneous, intramuscular, & intravenous medications.

Aerosols Active pharmaceutical agents in a pressurized container.

Capsule (cap) A special container made of gelatin for a single dose of a drug.

The enclosure prevents the patient from tasting the drug.

Compound (comp.) Two or more chemicals united chemically into one substance.

Aqueous suspension Fine-particle drug suspended in liquid.

Elixir (elix), (oral) A sweetened aromatic (agreeable odour), hydro-alcoholic liquid used in

the compounding of oral medicines. Elixirs constitute one of the most

commonly used types of medicinal preparations taken orally in liquid

form.

Emulsions Suspensions of fat globules in water (or water globules in fat) with an

emulsifying agent.

Enteric Coated (EC) A coating on a drug which permits it to pass through the acidic stomach

without dissolving and to release in the alkaline intestines.

Eye drops (gtt) A liquid medication placed in the eye.

Gels Aqueous suspensions of insoluble drugs in hydrated form.

Gavage Introducing of liquid food into the stomach by way of a nasogastric (NG)

tube placed either through the nose or mouth.

Inhaler Device for administering medicines by inhaling (puffs).

Irrigating solutions The cleansing of a canal/cavity (i.e. urinary bladder, colon, or

(lavages) stomach) or wound by washing with water or other fluids to remove

irritants or poisons (i.e. sterile water, normal saline).

Liniments Mixtures of drugs with oil, soap, water, or alcohol, intended for external

application with rubbing.

Lozenge Medicated tablet or disk that dissolves in the mouth.

Ointment (ung.) A medicated, fatty, soft substance having antiseptic, cosmetic, or healing

properties. An external application with a base of lard, lanolin, or

petroleum jelly in which the remedy is incorporated (i.e. hydrocortisone).


PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION (cont’d)

Placebo An inactive substance resembling a medication but with no medicinal

effect. Given for a psychological effect (i.e. “sugar” pill, injection of sterile

water or normal saline). Often used in research studies.

Powders Single-dose quantities of a drug or mixture of drugs in powdered form

wrapped separately in powder papers.

Solutions Aqueous liquid preparations containing one or more substances

completely dissolved. Every solution has two parts: the solute (the

dissolved substance) and the solvent (the substance, usually a liquid, in

which the solute is dissolved).

Suppository (supp.) A drug in solid form introduced into the rectum, urethra, or vagina so that

it dissolves by body temperature (often serves as a vehicle for medicines

to be absorbed.

Syrup Concentrated solution of sugar in water. Usually do not represent a very

high percentage of the active drug. May be used to give a pleasant

odour and taste to solutions.

Tablet (tab.) A single-dose units made by compressing powdered drugs in a suitable

mold.

Topical Direct application of a medication to the skin, eye, ear, or other parts of

the body.

Tincture (tr, tinct.) Diluted alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions of non-volatile (not easily

vaporized) substances.

Vial A small glass bottle for medicines.


EXERCISES

Write the FULL TERM for each abbreviation listed below:

Abbreviation

Full Term

1. KCL

2. ml

3. sl

4. po

5. STAT

6. mEq

7. TPN

8. pr

9. LOC

10. IM

11. supp

12. ung

13. pc

14. amp

15. IV

16. oz

17. NKA

18. gtt

19. ac


20. prn

21 elix

22. IU

23. OD

24. DC

25. l

26. gr

27. ASA

28. cap

29. hs

30. PCA

31. NTG

32. mg

33. tab


MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS - Miscellaneous

1. The measured portion of a medicine to be given to the patient is called the:

a. Mode of administration b. Dosage form c. Dose d. Toxicity level

2. When an individual reacts unusually to a drug, it is termed a(n):

a. Drug overdose b. Allergic reaction c. Environmental factor d. Idiosyncrasy

3. The abbreviation of “daily” is:

a. h b. qid c. OD d. Q

4. The abbreviation for “three times a day” is:

a. bid b. tid c. qid d. Q3d

5. The abbreviation for “at bedtime” is:

a. sh b. hs c. MN d. Qd

6. The abbreviation for “ung” is:

a. Ointment b. Cream c. Unigel d. Ongoing

7. Which dosage form is intended to be given orally?

a. Gel b. Suppository c. Aerosol d. Elixir


8. Parenteral Administration means:

a. Local administration b. Oral Administration c. Administration by injection d. Topical administration

9. A common use for bacterial sulfonamides are:

a. Drug allergies b. Urinary tract infections c. Strep throat d. Respiratory tract infections

10. Which of the following is not an antibacterial?

a. Ancef b. Macrobid c. citalopram d. Biaxin

11. Which of the following is an ACE inhibitor?

a. ramipril b. NEXIUM c. VASOTEC d. Both A and C

12. What drug category does TORADOL belong to?

a. Antipsychotic b. NSAID c. Anti-anginal d. Oral hypoglycemic

13. Which of the following drugs is not a TRADE name?

a. COUMADIN b. METFORMIN c. RANITIDINE d. DEMEROL

14. Which of the following drugs does not affect the circulatory system?

a. Lanoxin b. nitroglycerin c. furosemide d. acyclovir

15. Which of the following drugs affect the nervous system?

a. chlorhexidine b. nystatin c. haloperidol d. glyburide


Match the name of the drug in Column I with an appropriate drug category in Column II:

Column I Column II

1. PANTOLOC _____ a. ACE inhibitor

2. morphine _____ b. Proton pump inhibitor

3. ASA _____ c. Anti-anxiety agent

4. ANCEF _____ d. Anticonvulsant

5. dilantin _____ e. Narcotic analgesic

6. metformin _____ f. Antidepressant

7. CARDIZEM _____ g. Non-opioid analgesic

8. enalapril _____ h. Antibacterial

9. ATIVAN _____ i. Oral hypoglycemic

10. amitriptyline _____ j. Anti-anginal

Build medical words:

1. Pertaining to against fever ____________________________________________

2. Poisonous to cells ___________________________________________________

3. Pertaining to disease without a recognizable cause _________________________

4. Pertaining to within a vein _____________________________________________

5. Study of drugs _____________________________________________________

6. Pertaining to under the tongue _________________________________________

7. Pertaining to under the skin ___________________________________________

8. An agent, which excites & promotes functional activity

9. An agent, which relieves constipation ____________________________________

10. An agent used to prevent convulsions


Name six routes of Parenteral drug administration:

1. _________________________________

2. _________________________________

3. _________________________________

4. _________________________________

5. _________________________________

6. _________________________________

Give the meaning of the following terms:

1. parenteral _____________________________________________

2. pharmacopeia _____________________________________________

3. idiosyncrasy _____________________________________________

4. synergism _____________________________________________

5. contraindications _____________________________________________

6. anaphlyaxis _____________________________________________

7. antidote _____________________________________________

8. drug toxicity _____________________________________________

9. aerosol _____________________________________________

10. side effect _____________________________________________


Match the routes of administration of drugs in Column I with the medications and

procedures in Column II:

Column I Column II

1. intravenous _____ a. Lotions, creams, ointments

2. rectal _____ b. Tablets and capsules

3. oral _____ c. Used for allergy skin tests

4. topical _____ d. Lumbar procedure

5. inhalation _____ e. Deep injection, usually in buttock

6. intrathecal _____ f. Suppositories

7. intramuscular _____ g. Injection into the vein

8. intradermal _____ h. Aerosols

Briefly describe the general purpose of each of the following drug groups:

Antipsychotics ___________________________________________________________

General Anaesthetics ___________________________________________________________

Anticoagulants ___________________________________________________________

Anticonvulsants ___________________________________________________________

Cathartics ___________________________________________________________

Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist ______________________________________________

Oral hypoglycemic ___________________________________________________________

Proton pump inhibitors __________________________________________________________

Cardiotonics ___________________________________________________________

Coronary Vasodilators ___________________________________________________________


Match the definition from column II with the drug group listed in column I:

1 Diuretic a Given to relieve mild aches and pain

2 Antihistamine b Neutralize excess stomach acid

3 ACE inhibitor c Used to treat inflammatory conditions and


4 Antiemetic d Give to treat urinary tract infections

5 Antacids e Improve the pumping action of the heart

6 Insulin f Given to induce urination

7 Corticosteroids g Given to relieve nausea & vomiting

8 Antibacterial sulfonamide h Given to relieve moderate to severe pain

9 Antianemics i Given to treat anxiety

10 Parasympatholytics j Used to treat allergic reactions

11 Non-Opioid Analgesic k Given to treat high BP and heart disease

12 Narcotic Analgesic l Prevent or decrease severity of seizures

13 Cardiotonics m Given to treat anemia

14 Anti-anxiety n Aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates

15 Anticonvulsants o Used to overcome spasm of involuntary

muscles

Define C.P.S and explain the two main sections a NUA might use when processing medication

orders.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


For the following conditions, name a type of drug that a physician would prescribe to treat

the symptoms and state what drug category it belongs to.

1. Diarrhea

2. High fever

3. Anxiety and tension

4. Prevent blood clotting ___

5. Increase urine production

6. To decrease the severity of seizures

7. Relieve pain

8. Reduce joint pain

9. Kill or prevent the growth of viruses

10. Cause blood vessels in the heart to dilate

Nursing Unit Assistant

Documents

Transcript of Nursing Unit Assistant