Nursing Theories Ppt
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Transcript of Nursing Theories Ppt
![Page 1: Nursing Theories Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061309/557210e1497959fc0b8dd725/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUCTION TO…
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What is a theory?
• A set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions that project a systematic view of a phenomena
• It may consist of one or more relatively specific and concrete concepts and propositions that purport to account for, or organize some phenomenon (Barnum, 1988)
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What are the components of a theory?
• Concepts – ideas and mental images that help to describe phenomena (Alligood and Marriner-Tomey, 2002)
• Definitions – convey the general meaning of the concepts
• Assumptions – statements that describe concepts
• Phenomenon – aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced (Meleis, 1997).
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What is a paradigm?
• A model that explains the linkages of science, philosophy, and theory accepted and applied by the discipline (Alligood and Marriner – Tomey, 2002)
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What is a domain?
• The view or perspective of the discipline
• It contains the subject, central concepts, values and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and the central problems of the discipline
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How does domain relate to nursing theory?
• Nursing has identified its domain in a paradigm that includes four linkages:
1) person/client
2) health
3) environment
4) nursing
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Purposes of nursing theory
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What are the purposes of nursing theory?
• It guides nursing practice and generates knowledge
• It helps to describe or explain nursing
• Enables nurses to know WHY they are doing WHAT they are doing
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Types of nursing theories
• Grand theories – broad and complex
• Middle-range theories- address specific phenomena and reflect practice
• Descriptive theories – first level of theory development
• Prescriptive theories – address nursing interventions and predict their consequences
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Why on earth do we study nursing theory?
• Everyday practice enriches theory
• Both practice and theory are guided by values and beliefs
• Theory helps to reframe our thinking about nursing
• Theory guides use of ideas and techniques
• Theory can close the gap between theory and research
• To envision potentialities (Gordon, Parker, & Jester, 2001)
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“The study and use of nursing theory in nursing practice must have roots in the everyday practice
of nurses (Gordon, Parker, and Jester, 2001).
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So how do nurses use theory in everyday practice?
• Organize patient data• Understand patient data• Analyze patient data• Make decisions about
nursing interventions• Plan patient care• Predict outcomes of care• Evaluate patient
outcomes
(Alligood, 2001)
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How do student nurses begin to use nursing theory?
• By asking yourself two very important questions…..
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Student nurse questions
• What is the nature of knowledge needed for the practice of nursing?
• What does it mean to me to practice nursing?
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Nursing also utilizes non-nursing theories
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Commonly used non-nursing theories
• Systems theory• Basic Human Needs
theory• Health and Wellness
Models• Stress and Adaptation• Developmental
Theories• Psychosocial
Theories
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What is the link between nursing theory and the research
process?• Theory provides direction
for nursing research• Relationships of
components in a theory help to drive the research questions for understanding nursing
• Chinn and Kramer (2004), indicate a spiral relationship between the two
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Current trends that influence nursing theory
• Medical science• Nursing education• Professional nursing
organizations• Evolving research
approaches• Global concerns• Consumer demands• Technologies
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“ Practicing nurses who despise theory are condemned to performing a series of tasks - either at the command of a physician or in response to
routines and policies.”
Leah Curtin, RN, MS, FAAN (1989)
Former Editor, Nursing Management
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