NuMI Near Hall Detectors: MINOS and Beyond Jorge G. Morfín Fermilab NuFact’02 London, July 2002.
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Transcript of NuMI Near Hall Detectors: MINOS and Beyond Jorge G. Morfín Fermilab NuFact’02 London, July 2002.
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 2
“Near” Detectors
Basically could be two types of “near” detectors at neutrino oscillation facilities.
The most basic is as close to an exact replica of the “far” detector as possible to reduce systematics when comparing neutrino beam characteristics far-to-near. Since this type of near detector must reproduce the properties of a mammoth
far detector, it’s capabilities to do other types of important physics as well as, possibly, detailed examination of the neutrino beam are compromised.
The second type of “near” detector comes with a physics program of its own. It can, among many other things, help reduce the systematics errors of an
oscillation experiment. It has the power to better unravel the components of the neutrino beam used
in oscillation experiments.
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 3
Near Detector: 980 tons
Far Detector: 5400 tons
Det. 2
Det. 1
MINOS Detectors
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 4
MINOS Detectors
Det. 2
Det. 1
Near Detector: 980 tons
Far Detector: 5400 tons
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 5
Fermilab On-site Beam and Near Detector Hall
Target-Horn Chase: 2 parabolic horns. 50 m Decay Region: 1m radius decay pipe. 675 m Hadron Absorber: Steel with Al core 5 m Muon range-out: dolomite (rock). 240 m Near Detector Hall 45 m
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 6
MINOS Near Detector
Near Detector Hall: Length - 45m, Height - 9.6m, Width - 9.5m Primary objective is to determine the characteristics (e.g. the energy spectrum)
and composition of the neutrino beam leaving the Fermilab site before oscillations occur.
These characteristics are then compared with what is found at the Far Detector to measure oscillation parameters.
Beam, detector and experimental environment should be as similar as possible near/far: Similarities
» Nature & thickness of absorber plates
» Nature & granularity of active detector
» Strength of magnetic field Differences
» Neutrino Energy Spectra - non-point source for near detector.
» Neutrino Flux is significantly higher at the near detector.
» Electronics
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 7
The Near Detector
Steel & scintillator tracking calorimeter
282 “squashed octagon” (3.8 x 4.8m) planes of steel - l = 16.6m M = 0.98 kton
153 planes of scintillator
Sampling every 2.54 cm
4cm wide strips of scintillator
55%/E for hadrons (Caldet: not yet)
23%/E for electrons (Caldet: yes)
Forward section: 120 planes
4/5 partially instrumented
1/5 planes: full area coverage
Spectrometer section:162 planes
4/5 planes not instrumented
1/5 planes: full area coverage
Coil Hole
Beam Center
InstrumentedRegion
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 9
Near Detector: Main Sections
60 Planes40 Planes20
Planes
Veto Section
TargetSection
Hadron ShowerSection
(Muon) SpectrometerSection
ForwardSection
160 Planes
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 10
Expected Granularity: Hadronic Events in MINOS (Caldet Data)
Sample Pion Events Sample Proton Events
3.5 GeV
2 GeV
1 GeV
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 11
New NuMI Near Detector
Beyond MINOSWhat could/should be assembled?
The second type of Near Detector
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 12
Neutrino Event Energy Distributions and Statistics
Reasonably expect 2.5 x 1020 pot per year of NuMI running.
le-configuration: Events- Epeak = 3.0 GeV, <E> = 10.2 GeV, rate = 200 K events/ton - year.
me-configuration: Events- Epeak = 7.0 GeV, <E> = 8.5 GeV, rate = 675 K events/ton - year pme rate = 540 K events/ton - year.
he-configuration: Events- Epeak = 12.0 GeV, <E> = 13.5 GeV, rate = 1575 K events/ton - year phe rate =
1210 K events/ton - year.
With E-907 at Fermilab to measure particlespectra from the NuMI target, expect to know neutrino flux to ± 5%.
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 13
-Scattering Physics Topics with NuMI Beam Energies and Statistics
Quasi-elastic neutrino scattering and associated form-factors. Resonance production region (very poorly studied up to now). The intriguing region where resonance production joins deeply inelastic scattering. Parton distribution functions (pdf), particularly in the high-xBj region.
Leading exponential contributions of pQCD. sin2W via the ratio of NC / CC as well as d/dy from -e scattering (check the recent
surprising NuTeV result). Charm physics including the mass of the charm quark mc (improved accuracy by an order of
magnitude, Vcd, s(x) and, independently, s(x.).
Nuclear effects involving neutrinos. In particular are nuclear effects the same for valence and sea quarks.
Strange particle production for Vus, flavor-changing neutral currents and measurements of hyperon polarization.
Spin of the strange quark through elastic scattering. Far more accurate with many fewer assumptions than charged lepton results for s.
Nuclear physics studies with neutrinos (complementary to JLab studies in the same kinematic range). Argonne Theory Institute at the end of July solely on this topic.
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 14
NuMI Near Hall: Dimensions & Geometry
Length: 45m - Height: 9.6m - Width: 9.5m
Length Available for New Detector: 26 m
Incoming angle: beam: 58 mr.
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 15
NuMI Beam Interacts Off-Module-Center
Wonderful - inviting - spotfor a new detector which could
use MINOS near detector as a muon ID/spectrometer!
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 16
A First Significant Step...
MINOS Near
Scintillator Strips
Planes of C, Fe, Pb
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 17
Detector: Conceptual Design
2m x 2 cm x 2cm scintillator (CH) strips with fiber readout.
Fiducial volume: r = .8m L = 1.5: 3 tons of scintillator
Downstream half: pure scintillator Upstream half: scintillator plus 2 cm
thick planes of C, Fe and W.
11 planes C = 1.0 ton (+Scintillator) 3 planes Fe = .95 ton (+MINOS) 2 planes Pb = .90 ton
Readout: combination of VLPC and multi-anode PMT.
Use MINOS near detector as muon identifier / spectrometer.
2.0 m x 2.0 m x 2.0 m long
Scintillator Only
Scint. + Planes of C, Fe,W
Upstream Half
Downstream Half
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 18
Example of Event Profiles in Scintillator Detector
David Potterveld - ANL
Title: /disk1/users/dhp/minos/geant/picts/le_cc_unfilteredCreator: HIGZ Version 1.25/05Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in itComment: This EPS picture will print to a postscript printer but not to other types of printers
Title: /disk1/users/dhp/minos/geant/picts/le_cc_unfilteredCreator: HIGZ Version 1.25/05Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in itComment: This EPS picture will print to a postscript printer but not to other types of printers
Title: /disk1/users/dhp/minos/geant/picts/le_nc_proton_97.Creator: HIGZ Version 1.25/05Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in itComment: This EPS picture will print to a postscript printer but not to other types of printers
Title: /disk1/users/dhp/minos/geant/picts/le_nc_unfilteredCreator: HIGZ Version 1.25/05Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview (TIFF or PICT) included in itComment: This EPS picture will print to a postscript printer but not to other types of printers
CC: E = 4.04 GeV, x = .43, y = .37
“Elastic”: E = 3.3 GeV, x = .90, y = .08
CC: E = 11.51 GeV, x = ..34, y = .94
NC: E = 29.3 GeV, x = ..25, y = .46
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 19
Scintillator/Fiber R&D at Fermilab
Scintillation detector work at FermilabEM and hadronic calorimetryShower max detectorsPre-shower detectorsPhoton vetosFiber trackerMuon tracking/hodoscopesGeneral purpose trigger hodoscopesTime-of-Flight
1 cm transverse segmentation. 1 cm base triangles – yields about 1 mm position resolution for mips
From D0 pre-shower test data
Polymer Dopant
Scintillator Cost < $ 5 / kg
Continuing development of D0 VLPC readout with $750K grant.
Produced D0-type arrays for detailed device analysis at low cost compared to D0
Goal: Demonstrate cost reduction at X10
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 20
MINOS Parasitic Running: Event Energy Distribution
MINOS oscillation experiment uses mainly le beam with shorter pme and phe runs for
control and minimization of systematics.
An example of a running cycle would be: 12 months le beam 3 months pme beam 1 month phe beam
Assuming 2 such cycles (3 year run) with 2.5x1020 protons/year: 860 K events/ton. <E> = 10.5 GeV
DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2) : 0.36 M events / ton.
Quasi elastic: 0.14 M events / ton. Resonance + “Transition”: 0.36 M events /
ton
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 21
Examples: Expected Statistical Errors-MINOS Parasitic
Ratio Fe/C: Statistical Errors
xBj MINOS 2-cycle
.01 - .02 1.3 %
.02 - .03 1.0
.03 - .04 0.9
.04 - .05 0.8
.05 - .06 0.8
.06 - .07 0.7 .1.01.001
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Pb/C
Fe/C
Kulagin Predictions: Fe/C and Pb/C - ALL EVENTS - 2-cycle
x
R (A/C)
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 22
Prime User: he Event Energy Distribution
Run he beam configuration only! <E> = 13.5 GeV
For example, 1 year neutrino plus 2 years anti-neutrino would yield:
1.6 M - events/ton0.9 M -
events/ton
DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 0.85 M events / ton
0.35 M events / ton
Shadowing region (x < 0.1):0.3 M events/ton
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 23
Add a Liquid H2/D2Target
H_2/D_2 Solid Scintillator
MINOS Near
Additional Tracking
Additional Tracking
Fiducial volume: r = 80 cm. and l = 150 cm. 350 K CC events LH2 ; 800 K CC events in LD2 per year he- running.
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 24
Examples: Expected Statistical Errors - he Running
High xBj (he, 1 year, DIS): Statistical Errors
xBj CH LH2 LD2 .60 - .65 0.6 % 2 % 1.4 %.65 - .70 0.7 3 1.7.70 - .75 1.0 4 2 .75 - .80 1.3 5 3.80 - .85 2 7 5 .85 - .90 3 11 7.90 - .95 5 17 11.95 - 1.0 7 25 16
Ratios (he, 1 year , DIS): Statistical Errors xBj Fe/ LD2 Fe/C
.01 - .02 11% 9 %
.02 - .03 6 5
.03 - .04 4 3
.04 - .05 3 2
.05 - .06 2 1.7
.06 - .07 1.7 1.4
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 25
Detector: Event Rates
Event rates (2.5 x 1020 protons per year)
Parasitic Running Prime User Prime User (3 years) (1 year, he-) (2
year, he -)
CH 2.60 M 4.80 M 2.70 M
C 0.85 M 1.60 M 0.90 M
Fe 0.80 M 1.55 M 0.85 M
Pb 0.75 M 1.45 M 0.80 M
LH2 0.35 M 0.20 M
LD2 0.80 M 0.45 M
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 26
The Ultimate NuMI Neutrino Scattering FacilityNickolas Solomey
Scintillator Strips
MINOS Near
H_2/D_2
Additional Scintillator Tracking
Additional Scintillator Tracking
Side Muon ID (Steel + Scintillator)
Side Muon ID (Steel + Scintillator)
TOF
Magnet
Electromagnetic Calorimeter
Electromagnetic Calorimeter
Electrom
agnetic Calorim
eter
Muon IDSteel + Scint
Jorge G. Morfín - NuFact02 - London, July 2002 27
Summary
Current NuMI/MINOS near detector designed to mimic far detector as closely as possible.
There is a second type of near detector! NuMI Beam is Intense:
yielding ≈ 860 K events/ton during MINOS run* yielding ≈ 1.6 M events/ton-year in the he-mode.
NuMI Near Hall: space for new detector(s) with w(x) ≤ 6 m, h(y) ≤ 4 m,(sum) L ≈ 25 m.
NuMI Near Hall Physics: can do much of this parasitically, need 3 years (& ) he for full potential cross section measurements - for own sake, oscillation systematics spin of strange quark strange particle production nuclear effects PDFs particularly high-x, study of leading exponentials of pQCD (much improved measurement of e component of beam)
NuMI Near Hall Detector studies underway: “solid scintillator” + planes of A: 3 - 5 ton fiducial volume - cost O($3M) liquid H2 / D2 (bubble chamber): large target technically feasible - safety requirements….?