Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis: DNA , RNA, and How Its Done
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
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Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid RNA - ribonucleic acid
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Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis. Nucleic Acids DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid RNA - ribonucleic acid. Nuclosides and Nucleotides. Polynucleotides. Structure of DNA. RNA. 1. ribosomal RNA 2. messenger RNA 3. transfer RNA. Protein Synthesis. mRNA codon: CAG tRNA anticodon:. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Nucleic Acids and Protein SynthesisNucleic AcidsDNA - deoxyribonucleic acidRNA - ribonucleic acid
(adenine, guanine,cytosineuracil)
heterocyclic amine bases
+ H3PO4
H3ORNA
O
H H
OH OH
OH
H
HO
++
O
H H
OH H
OH
H
HO
DNA H3O
+ H3PO4
adenine, guanine,cytosinethymine
+
+
Nuclosides and Nucleotides
2'-deoxyadenosine
+ H2O
O
H H
OH H
H
HO
NH2
N
NN
NN
NN
N
NH2
H
O
H H
OH H
OH
H
HO
2'-deoxyadenosine
O
H H
OH H
H
HO
NH2
N
NN
N
2'-deoxyadenosine-5'- phosphate
O
H H
OH H
H
HOPO
NH2
N
NN
NO
OHH3PO4
Polynucleotides
O
H H
O H
H
HOPO
NH2
N
NN
NO
OH
HO OPO N
N
O
OHCH3
H
HOH
HH
O
O
H H
OH H
H
HOPO
O
OH
CH3 HO
O
N
NO
H H
OH H
H
HOPO
NH2
N
NN
NO
OH
Structure of DNA
adeninethymine
NN
N
N
NHH
NN
O
CH3 O
H
guaninecytosine
NN
N
N
O
H
NHH
NN
O
N HH
thymine
NN
O
CH3O
HN
N
O
CH3 O
H
thymine
NN
N
N
O
H
NHH
guaninethymine
NN
O
CH3 O
H
N
O
O
H
CH2CH3
HHN
N
N
N
N
1-cyclohexyluracil
9-ethyladenine
O
OO2P
O
O
OO2P
O
O
O
OO2P
O
O
O
T
G
A
C G
T
C
A
O
O
OPO2
O
O
O
OPO2
O
O
OPO2
O
O
-
- -
-
- -
O
OO2P
O
O
OO2P
O
O
O
OO2P
O
O
O
T
G
A
C G
T
C
A
O
O
OPO2
O
O
O
OPO2
O
O
OPO2
O
O
-
- -
-
- - --
-
--
-
G
T
C
A
O
O
OPO2
O
O
O
OPO2
O
O
OPO2
O
O
O
OO2P
O
O
OO2P
O
O
O
OO2P
O
O
O
T
G
A
C
RNA
1. ribosomal RNA2. messenger RNA3. transfer RNA
AGTC
AGTC
UCAG
AGTC
UCAG
+
Protein Synthesis
mRNA codon: CAGtRNA anticodon: glutamine
mRNA codon: CAGtRNA anticodon: GUC
O
O
P
O
O O
OH
base
O
O base
O base
O
OP
O
baseOO
OO ---
- -
O base
O
OP
O
baseOO
OO
-baseO
O
-
O base
O
OP
O
OO
HN
N
O
OR
HN
N
O
OR
CH3
N
N
NH2
OR
HN
N
NH
OR
H2O HN
N
O
OR
+ NH3
Chemical Sequencing
Restriction EndonucleasesEco R1 (from Escherichia coli)
CTTAAG 3'-end5'-end
C T T A A G3'-end 5'-end
Hind III (from Hemophilus influenzae)
TTCGAA 3'-end5'-end
T T C G A A3'-end 5'-end
degradation
32P32P32P
32P
32P
CH3CCH CHCHO O
O
NH2N
N
H2N
HCNO
CH3
NH
1. (CH3)2SO4
2. OH
3.
4. H2O
O
O
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
+
-
O
O
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
CH3
OSO3CH3OSO3CH3CH3
O
O
O
O
NH2N
NN
N +
-
O
O
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
CH3+
OO
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
CH3
HO
OO
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
CH3
HOO
O
O
O
NH2N
N:N
N
CH3
HC
O
H
H OH
..
OO
O
O
NH2N
N:N
N
CH3
HC
O
HHO
O
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
CH3
HC
O
H+
HOO
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
CH3
HC
O
H+
HOO
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
CH3
HC
O
H
N
N
H
HOO
O
O
NH2N
NN
N
CH3
HC
O
H
N
O
NH2N
NH2N
N
CH3
HC
O
HOO
O
N+
HOO
O
N+
O
HOO
N+
-
HOO
N+
O
HO N+
-
HO N+ N
H
O
HO
HO
O
OH
HO
O
OH
DNA NH2
HO
OH
OH
NHDNA
