Parity-Violation with Electrons: Theoretical Perspectives M.J. Ramsey-Musolf.
Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade...
-
Upload
josephine-collins -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade...
Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade
Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Newport News 2007
Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics
Solar s & the neutrino revolution
The next decade presents NP with a unique opportunity to discover key ingredients of the “new Standard Model”
Theory leadership is essential to realizing this opportunity
2007 Long Range Plan
New Standard Model Initiative
High potential for major discoveries and new insights
We recommend a targeted program of experiments to investigate neutrino properties and fundamental symmetries. These experiments aim to discover the nature of the neutrino, yet unseen violations of time-reversal symmetry, and other key ingredients of the new standard model of fundamental interactions. Construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory is vital to U.S. leadership in core aspects of this initiative.
Opportunity: Unique role for low energy studies in the LHC era
Two frontiers in the search for new physics
Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ)
High energy physics
Particle, nuclear & atomic physics
CERN
Ultra cold neutronsLarge Hadron Collider
Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision
(and beyond!)
Scientific Questions
• What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? decay, 13, decay,…
• Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, , 13 …
• What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, g-2,…
• Interpreting Experimental Results
Refined computations of St’d Model predictions, strong interaction
effects, & many-body contributions
Comprehensive & systematic calculations of possible effects in candidate
scenarios for the new standard model
• Guiding Development of Exp’tl Program
Identifying appropriate combinations of measurements, suitable
“kinematics”, and relevant level of precision
• Delineating Broader Implications
Placing in context of high energy collider & cosmological studies &
identifying unique info provided by nuclear studies
Vital Role for Nuclear Theory
• The Nature of the Neutrino
-decay• The Origin of Baryonic Matter
EDM• Other Key Ingredients: Precision
Program
Neutrino mass & mixing, PVES, weak decays, g-2…
Theoretical Progress & Challenges
The Origin of Matter & Energy
Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
Cosmic Energy Budget
?
Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?
Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component
Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos
Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs
-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
€
e−
€
e−
€
M
€
W −
€
W −
€
A Z,N( )
€
A Z − 2,N + 2( )0.1
1
10
100
1000
Effective
( )Mass meV
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
1 ( )Minimum Neutrino Mass meV
U1e = .866 δm2
sol = 7 meV
2
U2e = .5 δm2
atm = 2 meV
2
U 3e =
Inverted
Normal
Degenerate
Dirac Majorana
-decayLong baseline
?
?
Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
€
mν
EFF= Uek
2mk e2iδ
k
∑
€
e−
€
e−
€
χ 0
€
˜ e −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
€
˜ e −€
e−
€
e−
€
M
€
W −
€
W −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
Dirac Majorana
Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
€
mν
EFF= Uek
2mk e2iδ
k
∑
€
e−
€
e−
€
χ 0
€
˜ e −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
€
˜ e −€
e−
€
e−
€
M
€
W −
€
W −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
Light M exchange: can we determine m
Shell Model vs. QRPA
Configs near Fermi surface
Levels above Fermi surface
Vogel et al: reduce QRPA spread by calibrating gPP to T2
-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
Dirac Majorana
Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
€
mν
EFF= Uek
2mk e2iδ
k
∑
€
e−
€
e−
€
χ 0
€
˜ e −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
€
˜ e −€
e−
€
e−
€
M
€
W −
€
W −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
Mechanism: does light M exchange dominate ?
How to calc effects reliably ? How to disentangle H & L ?
O(1) for ~ TeV
€
u
€
d€
u
€
d
€
e−
€
e−
€
N
€
N€
π
€
π€
e−
€
e−
Prezeau et al: EFT
Does operator power counting suffice?
€
n
€
n
€
p
€
p
€
ˆ O 0νββL
-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Effective
( )Mass meV
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
1 ( )Minimum Neutrino Mass meV
U1e = .866 δm2
sol = 7 meV
2
U2e = .5 δm2
atm = 2 meV
2
U 3e =
Inverted
Normal
Degenerate
Dirac Majorana
Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
€
mν
EFF= Uek
2mk e2iδ
k
∑
€
e−
€
e−
€
χ 0
€
˜ e −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
€
˜ e −€
e−
€
e−
€
M
€
W −
€
W −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
If the existence of the decay is established:
• What mechanism?
• Which additional isotopes ?
EDMs: New CPV?
€
g
€
q
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ q
€
˜ q
€
γ
€
f
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ f
€
˜ f
Electron
Improvements of 102 to 103
Neutron
€
γ
€
f
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ f
€
˜ f
Neutral Atoms
€
g
€
q
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ q
€
˜ q
Deuteron€
g
€
q
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ q
€
˜ q
€
N
€
e−
QCD
QCD
QCD
€
π
€
+L
€
γ
€
n€
p
€
π−
€
π−
€
π
€
+L
Nuclear Schiff Moment
Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms
Neutron EDM from LQCD:
Two approaches:
• Expand in & average over topological sectors (Blum et al, Shintani et al)
• Compute E for spin up/down nucleon in background E field (Shintani et al)
mN=2.2 GeV
QCD SR (Pospelov et al)
Hadronic couplings
Pospelov et al:
PCAC + had models & QCD SR
ChPT for dn: van Kolck et al
EDMs & Schiff Moments
€
γ
€
f
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ f
€
˜ f
€
g
€
q
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ q
€
˜ q
One-loop
EDM: q, l, n… Chromo-EDM: q, n…€
π
€
+L
Dominant in nuclei & atoms
Engel & de Jesus: Reduced isoscalar sensitivity ( QCD )
Schiff Moment in 199Hg Nuclear & hadron structure !
Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator
+ …
New nuclear calc’s needed !
Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
?
ϕ new
?
φ(x)
Unbroken phase
Broken phaseCP Violation
Topological transitions
1st order phase transition
?
γ
?
e -?
ψnew
?
ϕ new
?
ϕ new
€
g
€
ϕ
€
g€
γ
€
γ€
e+
€
e−
€
Z 0
€
Z 0€
ϕ• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?
Quantum Transport
CPV
Chem Eq
R-M et al
• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?
Theoretical Issues:Strength of phase transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics (numerical)Transport at phase boundary (non-eq QFT)EDMs: many-body physics & QCD
Systematic baryogenesis: SD equations + power counting
Veff (ϕ,T): Requirements on Higgs sector extensions & expt’l probes
Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders
baryogenesis
Present de
LEP II excl
LHC reach
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Prospective dn
Ongoing theory for baryon asymmetry (R-M et al):
• Refined quantum transport calc’s of CPV asymmetries during EW phase transition
• Bubble dynamics
• Application to models of new CPV
• Complementarity with LHC
Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M
Precision Probes of New Symmetries
Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
New Symmetries
1. Origin of Matter2. Unification & gravity
3. Weak scale stability4. Neutrinos
€
−
€
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ μ −
€
˜ ν μ
€
e
€
W −
€
e−
Nuclei & Charged Leptons
PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• n decay correlations
• nuclear decay
• pion decays
• muon decays
• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS
Muons
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• g-2
• A!eA
Essential Role for Theory
• Precise SM predictions (QCD)
• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC
Nuclei & Charged Leptons I
PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS
Muons
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• g-2
• A!eA
Essential Role for Theory
• Precise SM predictions (QCD)
• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC
• Substantially reduced QCD uncertainty in sin2W running
• QCD uncertainties in ep box graphs quantified
• Comprehensive analysis of new physics effects
e p e p e p
W
W
Z
Z
Z
γ
Q-Weak (ep)
Moller (ee)
Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• n decay correlations
• nuclear decay
• pion decays
• muon decays
Ongoing theory for JLab EWK:
• QCD & Had Structure effects in PVDIS: CSB, HT…
• Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ?
Nuclei & Charged Leptons II
Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• n decay correlations
• nuclear decay
• pion decays
• muon decays
PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS
Muons
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• g-2
• A!eA
Essential Role for Theory
• Precise SM predictions (QCD)
• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC
γ
W
ν e p
e− n
€
π
€
γ
€
€
l
€
+L
Reduced QCD error: Marciano & Sirlin
Reduced QCD error: Cirigliano & Roselle
SUSY effects in weak decays
€
−
€
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ μ −
€
˜ ν μ
€
e
€
W −
€
e−
€
u
€
d€
e
€
e−
€
˜ χ 0
€
˜ χ −€
˜ u
€
˜ ν e
m implications for NP in weak decays
Vud & CKM Unitarity Ongoing theory for weak decays:
• Further reductions in QCD errors?
• Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ?
• Implications of LHC results ?
€
dW ∝1 + ar p e ⋅
r p ν
Ee Eν
+ Ar σ n ⋅
r p eE e
+ L
€
B me Ee( )r σ n ⋅
r p νEν
+ L
m
ChPT for -decay: Gardner et al, Ando et al
Nuclei & Charged Leptons III
Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• n decay correlations
• nuclear decay
• pion decays
• muon decays
PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS
Muons
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• g-2
• A!eA
Essential Role for Theory
• Precise SM predictions (QCD)
• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC
γ
QED
Z
Weak
Had LbL
Had VP
π
SUSY Loops: Sign of Higgsino mass
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Ongoing theory for g-2:
• Further reductions in had LBL uncertainty?
• Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ?
Had VP: Disp Rel & e+e-
Lattice QCD (T Blum)
Had LBL: ChPT Hadronic Models Lattice QCD?
Precision Neutrino Property Studies
Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV
€
U =
Ue1 Ue2 Ue 3
Uμ1 Uμ 2 U μ 3
Uτ 1 Uτ 2 Uτ 3
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟ ⎟ ⎟
=
1 0 0
0 cosθ23 sinθ23
0 −sinθ23 cosθ23
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟ ⎟ ⎟×
cosθ13 0 e−iδ CP sinθ13
0 1 0
−e iδ CP sinθ13 0 cosθ13
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟ ⎟ ⎟×
cosθ12 sinθ12 0
−sinθ12 cosθ12 0
0 0 1
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟ ⎟ ⎟×
1 0 0
0 e iα / 2 0
0 0 e iα / 2+iβ
⎛
⎝
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟ ⎟ ⎟
Daya Bay
Neutrino CPV:
Implications for leptogenesis ?
Oscillations and supernovae:
Implications of 12 , 13 & hierarchy for scattering in -driven wind? (Duan, Fuller, Carlson, Qian; Balantekin, Pehlivan)
LENS
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Normal Inverted
Precision Neutrino Property Studies
Neutrino Mass: Terrestrial vs Cosmological
WMAP & BeyondKATRIN, Mare
Energy Density Power Spectrum
Beacom, Bell, Dodelson
New int: CMB consistent with larger m
Weak Probes of Astro & QCD
Zhu et al: EFT for hadronic PV
Beacom & Vagins: Dope SuperK with Gd Cl3 to detect diffuse supernova neutrino background
€
π
€
+L
€
+L
€
π
€
π
€
π
€
π
€
+
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
See also G. McLaughlin et al for probes of supernovae
Nuclear Theory & the New St’d ModelProgress & Opportunities
• Small but hardy band of theorists making significant progress needed to guide experimental program and interpret results
• Progress in reducing QCD & nuclear structure uncertainties (, EDM, PVES, weak decays, g-2)
• Comprehensive computations of SUSY effects
• Broader implications for cosmo and astro (baryogenesis, supernovae, m from CMB)
• Close interaction between theory & exp’t
• Rich, interdisciplinary field with room to grow!
Back Matter
Mechanism & m
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Effective
( )Mass meV
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
1 ( )Minimum Neutrino Mass meV
U1e = .866 δm2
sol = 7 meV
2
U2e = .5 δm2
atm = 2 meV
2
U 3e =
Inverted
Normal
Degenerate signal equivalent to degenerate hierarchy
Loop contribution to m of inverted hierarchy scale
111/ ~ 0.06 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
Impt to know if RPV interactions exist and, if so, what magnitude
Lepton Flavor & Number Violation
€
€
e
€
γ
€
€
e
€
A Z,N( )
€
A Z,N( )
MEG: B!eγ ~ 5 x 10-14
MECO: B!e ~ 5 x 10-17
€
€
e
€
γ*
€
e
€
e
€
˜ ν
€
€
e
€
γ*
€
e+
€
e+
€
−−
Logarithmic enhancements of R
Low scale LFV: R ~ O(1) GUT scale LFV: R ~ O
€
e−
€
e−
€
M
€
W −
€
W −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
€
e−
€
e−
€
χ 0
€
˜ e −
€
u
€
u
€
d
€
d
€
˜ e −
0 decay
Light M exchange ?
Heavy particle exchange ?
Raidal, Santamaria; Cirigliano, Kurylov, R-M, Vogel
k11/ ~ 0.09 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
!eγ LFV Probes of RPV:
k11/ ~ 0.008 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
!e LFV Probes of RPV:
Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM
12 GeV 6 GeV
e-
N X
e-
Z* γ*
d(x)/u(x): large x Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin2W
Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations
Charge sym in pdfs
€
up (x) = dn (x)?
d p (x) = un (x)?