Nuclear Fuel Delivery

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Nuclear Fuel Delivery By: Adam Gable Christian Seymour Jesse Nesbitt

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Nuclear Fuel Delivery. By: Adam Gable Christian Seymour Jesse Nesbitt. Nuclear Fuel. Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU)

Transcript of Nuclear Fuel Delivery

Nuclear Fuel Delivery

By:Adam Gable

Christian SeymourJesse Nesbitt

Nuclear Fuel

• Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) <20% U235• High Enriched Uranium (HEU) 90% U235

Nuclear Fuel Transport• IAEA projects continued growth• US NRC – Protection from radiation– minimizing the time exposed to radioactive materials– maximizing the distance from the source of radiation– shielding from external exposure and inhaling radioactive

material.

Threats to Nuclear Fuel Transport• Terrorists

Crude radiological dispersion device (RDD) Fear and PanicEconomic impact/Decontamination efforts

• AccidentsImproper shielding of radioactive materialCollisionsRely on local law enforcement

• Government is responsible US NRC

Current Nuclear Power ReactorsAreva (A)

Westinghouse (W)

General Electric (GE)

Contract between GE and Columbia ( Total distance = 2631 Miles)

Columbia

GE

Areva only 11 miles from Columbia

Columbia

Areva

Problem Formulation

Uranium Enrichment

Facility

A

61 Nuclear Facilities

W

GE

Assumptions

• Modeling generic fuel rod – Everyone Produces and Consumes the same fuel rod

• Number of deliveries to each power plant is based on number of reactors. – 3 reactors : Requires 3 deliveries

• Route used is Shortest Google Map distance • Supply from the 3 Producers is based on

current market share not capacity

Min-Total Model

Min-Total Model Current0

20406080

100120140160

Total Distance (k miles)

• Do we only care about minimizing the total distance?

NO – Lets look at a multi-commodity flow problem

Areva Max Distance Route

GE Max Distance Route

Westinghouse Max Distance Route

Min-Route Model

Min-Route Model Min-Total Model Current0

20406080

100120140160

Total Distance (k miles)

• Consider: Greater Risk = Longest Single Path• OBJECTIVE: Minimize the distance of the

longest delivery

Min-Route Flow

Min-Route Model

Current0

500100015002000250030003500

Longest Route (miles)

• Consider: Greater Risk = Longest Single Path• OBJECTIVE: Minimize the distance of the

longest delivery

• Does the loss of a Producer increase the distance(RISK) of the multi-commodity solution?

Yes – Lets Look at the multi-commodity flow problem with the loss of a producer.

Min-Route Model: Loss of Producer• Consider: Greater Risk = Longest Single Path• OBJECTIVE: Minimize the distance of the longest

delivery

W/GE W/A A/GE W/A/GE0

500

1000

1500

2000

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Comparison of Min-Route Model with loss of producer (miles)

• What if a new Producer was built in a more centralized location?– We chose Kentucky next to the enrichment plant• What better place, because you also decrease the

transport distance of the LEU to the producer

Min-Route Model – Including New Producer

• OBJECTIVE: Minimize the distance of the longest delivery

Min-Route Model Min-Route (with new producer)

Current0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Longest Route (miles)

Min-Route Model Min-Route (with new producer)

Min-Total Model Current0

20406080

100120140160

Total Distance (k miles)

Min-Route Model – Including New Producer

• OBJECTIVE: Minimize the distance of the longest delivery

• What if we had projected increases in demand for existing plants and for new plants being built through 2025?

We do, lets see the min-cost flow with the new demand and original Producers.

5/8/2013

Projected Nuclear Power Reactors by 2025

Min-Total Model with 2025 Projected demand

Min-Total Model Min-Total (with new demand)

Current0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Total Distance (k miles)

Min-Route Model with 2025 Projected Demand

Min-Route Model Min-Route (with new demand)

Current0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Longest Route with Projected Demand (miles)

Min-Route Model with 2025 Projected Demand

Min-Route Model Min-Total Model Min-Route (with new demand)

Current0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Total Distance (k miles)

Conclusions

• Current LEU procurement process has shows little concern for transport risk.

• “Transport of nuclear cargo is part of nuclear life cycle most vulnerable to violent, forcible theft, since it’s impossible to protect with thick walls and many minutes of delay when its is on the road” Securing the Bomb 2010 Harvard Review

• Our research shows that significant decreases in distance can be obtained which has the potential to reduce risk.– Government policy decisions

Expanding

• Detailed transportation model• Region specific model/global network model• Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation route• HEU medical/other purpose transportation route• Threat of natural disasters on reactor sites• Route population density risk thesis – LT Bradford

Foster (USN)• Network Deployment of Radiation Detectors

(Dimitrov)

Expanding

• Detailed transportation model• Region specific model/global network model• Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation route• HEU medical/other purpose transportation route• Threat of natural disasters on reactor sites• Route population density risk thesis – LT Bradford

Foster (USN)• Network Deployment of Radiation Detectors

(Dimitrov)

Expanding

• Detailed transportation model• Region specific model/global network model• Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation route• LEU medical/other purpose transportation route• Threat of natural disasters on reactor sites• Route population density risk thesis – LT Bradford

Foster (USN)• Network Deployment of Radiation Detectors

(Dimitrov)

Expanding

• Detailed transportation model• Region specific model/global network model• Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation route• LEU medical/other purpose transportation route• Threat of natural disasters on reactor sites• Route population density risk thesis – LT Bradford

Foster (USN)• Network Deployment of Radiation Detectors

(Dimitrov)

Expanding

• Detailed transportation model• Region specific model/global network model• Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation route• LEU medical/other purpose transportation route• Route population density risk thesis – LT Bradford

Foster (USN)• Threat of natural disasters on reactor sites• Network Deployment of Radiation Detectors

(Dimitrov)

Expanding

• Detailed transportation model• Region specific model/global network model• Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation route• LEU medical/other purpose transportation route• Route population density risk thesis – LT Bradford

Foster (USN)• Network Deployment of Radiation Detectors

(Dimitrov)• Threat of natural disasters on reactor sites

Questions