nuclear energy is the best for jordan
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Transcript of nuclear energy is the best for jordan
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Nuclear engineering
O.Sh.Alyahia M.K.Jaradat
L.M.Alawnih F.J.Ahmad M.Alomari M.Y.Saefan
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Energy is an essential part of ourdaily lives. We use energy to heatand cool our homes, schools andbusinesses. We use energy for lightsand appliances. Energy makes ourvehicles go, planes fly, boats sail, andmachines run.
All living things need energy too.Plants use the light from the sun togrow. Animals and people eat theplants and use the energy that wasstored. Food is fuel for our bodies'energy needs like muscle power.
We also use our own bodies to makeheat energy. When you have been
running or working really hard, yourbody produces heat energy. Whenyou wear clothing like a jacket in thewinter, it holds in that heat energyand keeps you warm.
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The very first energy source was thesun providing heat and light during
the day. Later fire was discovered by
a lightning strike, producing anothersource of heat and light.
Thousands of years later we
discovered that the wind
could be harnessed and we
began to use sails on ourboats for transportation.
Later we began to use
windmills to turn water
wheels for grinding grain.
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From about 1850 to 1945, coalwas the main fuel source. Wood
was still an important energysource for heating as well asnatural gas for lighting, butwater and wind were used less.
For most of the 1900s, oil and
natural gas were our main fuel
sources. Electricity was used more
in the late 1900s. From about
1945 to the present, nuclear and
solar energy along with water andwind have played a larger role in
the production of energy.
Other alternative energy sources being used today are geothermal
and biomass.
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Energy ConservationEach year we are looking for more ways to
conserve our energy resources, like natural gasand oil, because these are non-renewable fuels.That means there is a limited supply. By usingrenewable fuels like water for hydropower andsunlight for solar power, or alternative fuelsources like fuel cells and biomass, we can helpconserve our natural resources so they don't runout.
Be sure to check out our Energy Efficiencysection so you can become an energy Super Saverand receive your very own Super SaverCertificate!
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Energy comes from different sources such as oil,
coal, wind, the sun, water, natural gas, nuclear
fuel and even manure.
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There is two groups of energy sources:
Non-renewable:
Coal
Gas Oil
Nuclear fuel
Renewable: Wind
Sun
Hydro
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Any energy source must be meet the ThreeEs to be viable.EconomicsEnvironmentEnergy Supply
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Capital Cost
Fuel Cost :( Actual cost of the fuel and Stability
of the price of the fuel)
Infrastructure Cost
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Land Use
Gas Emissions : (GHG, NOx,SOx, Hg,etc, and
particulate)
Solid Waste
Other Waste products
Other impacts: (Noise pollution, Visual or
Cosmetic Impacts, and Social impacts)
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_ Availability of the resource: ( Availability
of Fuel, Availability of Sites, Availability of
Raw Materials )
Political StabilityTechnology for use of the resource:( Maturity,
Construction Time)
Reliability:( Capacity Factors)
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Coal
Nat
uralGas
Oil
Hydroelectric
Wind
Geothermal
Solar
B
iofuels
Nucle
arFission
NuclearFusion
Capital Cost
Cost
Stability
Maintenance Costs
Infrastructure Cost
Land Use
Gas Emissions
Solid Waste
Other Waste
Noise
Visual / Cosmetic
Social
Fuel
Sites
Raw Materials
Political Stability
Maturity
Construction Time
Reliability Capacity Factors
Economics
Environment
Energy Supply
Fuel Cost
Other impacts
Availability
Technology
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19511953
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1961 The first Egyptian research reactor(ETRR1) designed by Russia.
1967 Iraqi first research reactor (IRT-1)supplied by Russia.
1967 Iranian first research reactor (TRR).1997 Syrias first research reactor (MNSR)
supplied by China.
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In the mid 80s the demand on nuclear power
decreased, many reasons affected this, one
of them is the different nuclear accidents
such as the Chernobyl and Three Mile Inland,
causing the public to be afraid of nuclear
power.
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The instability in the oil prices , and the
decreasing energy sources made the nuclear
power arise again with improved plant
designs.
In August 2008, 439 nuclear power plants
distributed in 30 different countries were
operating supplying 15% of worlds energy
demand.
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Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core)of an atom. Atoms are tiny particles that makeup every object in the universe. There isenormous energy in the bonds that hold atoms
together.Nuclear energy can be released from atoms intwo ways: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.
In nuclear fusion, energy is released whenatoms are combined or fused together to form
a larger atom. In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart to
form smaller atoms, releasing energy.
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The sun and stars our sources of energy, thisenergy is the result of nuclear reactions, inwhich matter is converted to energy.
Presently, nuclear energy provides forapproximately 16% of the world's electricity.Unlike the stars which work on the nuclearfusion, nuclear reactors that we have todaywork on the principle of nuclear fission.
Some people think that nuclear energy ishere to stay and we must learn to live with it.Others say that we should get rid of allnuclear power plants. Both sides have theiradvantages and disadvantages to nuclear
energy. Nuclear engineering
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Shortage of fossil fuels.
Fuel is inexpensive.
Increase energy consumption.Lack of drinking water.
More competitively price.
Limited environmental impacts(Nogreenhouse or acid rain effects).
Wide range of applications.
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One possible type of reactor disaster isknown as a meltdown.(Three Mile Island ,Chernobyl)
Waste disposal problems.
Nuclear reactors only last for about forty tofifty years.
Nuclear explosions produce radiation.
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56%
11%
11%
8%
8%3%2%1%
sources of radiation
radon
middical X-ray
food and watersoil and rocks
cosemic ray
nuclear middecin
other sources
Less than one percent of exposure is due to the generation ofelectricity from the NPPs.
The principal source of human exposure to radiation is from
medical X-rays.Nuclear engineering
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When radiations energy is depositedinto our body's that is a dose ofradiation.
The more energy deposited into thebody the higher dose.
Effects of radiation :IV.Alters atoms.V. Damage to cells and DNA causes
mutations and cancer.VI.Much of the resulting damage is from
the production of ions.
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Since 2001, Jordan has been developing anational strategy for civilian nuclear power.
But only in January 2008, that Jordansparliament empowered the Jordan Atomic
Energy Commission (JAEC) to lead thenational effort and implement the Kingdom'snuclear strategy ---to be the Nuclear PowerImplementation Organization (NEPIO) for
the country.
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Furthermore parliament established anindependent Jordan Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (JNRC), to promulgate theneeded legal, regulatory, and security
framework for the introduction of nuclearpower.
JAEC has concluded nuclear cooperationagreements with France, China, South Korea,
Canada, and will conclude two soon withRussia and UK.
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Jordan energy demand is projected togrow due to:population growtheconomic growth
industrializationwater pumping and desalination
Main assumptions:Pop ~7.5 million in 2020; 9.2 M by 2030GDP (%/yr) 4.4-5.1 (2005-
09)3.1 3.8 (2010-14)2.9- 3.6 (2015- )
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Options are limited:
Natural Gas is a short term optionand cannot be relied on for mid or
longer termRenewable technologies are mainlyhigh cost, limited utilization, andcannot be base load
Oil shale, a medium term, shouldbe reserved for liquid fuels and notfor electricity
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5025
4507
3869
3226
2504
2030
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
y2030y2025y2020y2015y2010y2007
MWe
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Deposits explored in central Jordan are
mainly on the surface with avg thickness of
1.5 m with overburden of ~ 0.5 m
Bearing material (carbonate rocks) is finegrained & brittle and hence easy to mine
(open cast mining) with minimum hazard
from radon
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Transform Jordan from net energy importing
to net energy exporting country by 2030
Make available power to fuel economic
growth at low cost