INTRODUCTION TO AR. FRANK LLYOD WRIGHT

Frank Lloyd Wright

.

Philosophy- Wright promoted organic architecture (harmony with

humanity and its environment )was a leader of the Prairie School

movement of architecture.

Born:June 8, 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin America.Died:April 9, 1959 in Arizona, at age 91

Education: When he was 15, F. L. Wright entered the University of Wisconsin as a special student . The school had no course in architecture; Wright studied engineering for one & half year

He was interior designer, writer and educator,

His father was a Unitarian circuit preacher and musician. His mother was a Welsh woman of strong will and heavy influence. Wright’s father disappeared when Frank was 12 years old.

His mother aimed to make her son into an architect. She hung pictures of Salisbury Cathedral in his nursery and bought Froebel blocks for him to play with. These blocks were his introductionto Euclidean geometry.

Froebel blocks

Leaving school after a few semesters, Frank Lloyd Wright apprenticed with J.L.

Silsbee and eventually with Louis Sullivan.

After working with Adler and Sullivan for several years, Sullivan discovered that

Wright was designing houses outside the office's work. Frank Lloyd Wright split

from Sullivan and opened his own practice in 1893.

Apprenticeship:

2 - ‘’DO NOT TRY TO TEACH

DESIGN .

TEACH PRINCIPELS’’.

Quotes by Frank Lloyd Wright:

1 - "The physician can bury his mistakes,

but the architect can only advise his clients

to plant vines."

Frank Lloyd Wright was married three times and had seven children. His work was

controversial and his private life was often the subject of gossip. Although his work

was praised in Europe as early as 1910, it was not until 1949 that he received an

award from American Institute of Architects. been called America's most famous

architect. During his 70-year career, Wright designed 1,141 buildings, including

homes, offices, churches, schools, libraries, bridges, and museums. 532 of these

designs were completed, and 409 still stand.

Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time“.

Basic Principles of Wright’S Designs

Organic Colors. (alternative to the artificial colors)

Simple Geometric Shapes

Integration of Building with Natural Surroundings

Strong Horizontal Lines

Hidden Entries

LAKELAND FLORIDA U.SESTABLISHED- (1883).

FLORIDA SOUTHERN COLLEGE.

SPRINGFIELD U.S (1902-1904)

DANA THOMAS HOUSE

BUFFALO NEWYORY U.S( 1903-1905).DRAWIN D.MARTIN HOUSE

BLOOMINGBANK LLINOIS U.S( 1907-1910).COONLEY HOUSE

Hollyhock House

LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA USA,( 1919-1921).

IMPERIAL HOTEL TOKYO JAPAN – (1919-1923).

LOS - ANGELES CALIFORNIA U.S - 1924ENNIS HOUSE,

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM

• Frank Lloyd Wright created the Guggenheim Museum as a series of organic shapes. Circular forms spiral down down like the interior of a shell. Visitors to the museum begin on the upper level and follow a sloping ramp downward through connected exhibition spaces.

MANHATTAN NEWYORK CITYFOUNDED IN.1939

MARIN COUNTRY CIVIC CENTERRAFAEL CALIFORNIA U.S ( 1960).

- dream house Falling water southwestern Pennsylvania

FALLING WATER

• Fallingwater, is a house designed by American architect

Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania

for the Kaufmann family. The main house constructed 1936-38, followed by the guest house construction in 1939.

• Visitation: 4.5 million people since opening our doors in 1964, with 16 million in 2011.

Initial Use: Holiday home of the Kaufman familyCurrent use: Visitor Center, Museum House since 1964

Main house Total area: 1624.6 m²Interior: 879.35 m²Terraces: 745.24 m²Guest House Area: 518.16 m²

Notable Facts                      •Falling water was featured on the cover of Time Magazine, January 1938•Falling water is the only major Wright-designed house to open to the public with its furnishings, artwork, and setting intact•Frank Lloyd Wright once suggested that the house’s concrete surfaces be coated in gold leaf.

The reason why Falling water is so famous is because it is an illusion, today it is a National

Historic Landmark.. The illusion is that the building doesn't even appear to stand on solid

ground, stretching over a 30' waterfall instead. It was designed as a modern vacation house.

Wright was chosen for this task because the Kaufman's son was fascinated with Wrights ideas.

Both client and architect shared the common interest and love for nature. Ergo, Wright

decided to make the waterfall part of the new house.

To the clients shock, their perception of the house was to overlook the waterfall,

having a very nice view of it. However, the house was placed right on top of the falls, Wright

saying that he wanted them to live with the waterfalls, to make them part of their everyday

life, and not just to look at the environment encompassing them now and then.

The Kaufmanns lived in the city, but like many other Pittsburghers, they loved to vacation in the mountains southeast of Pittsburgh. They could hike in the forest, swim and fish in the streams, go horseback riding, and do other outdoor activities.Pittsburgh at the time was sometimes called the “Smoky City,” due to the amount of air pollution from Pittsburgh’s steel industry. People who could afford to take the train to the mountains ($1 round trip) relished the chance to breathe fresh, cool mountain air.The Kaufmanns had a summer camp for the department store employees, located along a mountain stream called Bear Run. When the Great Depression made daily living so hard for so many people, the employees no longer had time or money to come up to Kaufmanns Summer Camp. But Mr. and Mrs. Kaufmann and their son dearly loved the mountains, and decided to make the summer camp their own country estate.

Their summer camp home had been a very small cabin with no heat and no running

water. They slept outdoors on screened porches! The cabin stood very near a country road.

When traffic became noisy after the road was paved, the Kaufmanns decided it was time to build

a more modern vacation house.

They turned to Frank Lloyd Wright to design it for them. At the time, their son was fascinated

with Wright’s ideas and was even studying with him at Wright’s school, the Taliesin Fellowship.

The Kaufmanns, who had recently become very interested in modern art and design, also

were intrigued by Wright’s ideas, and they asked him to design a new vacation house. They

knew that Wright loved nature, as they did, and Wright knew that the Kaufmanns wanted

something very special at Bear Run, something only an innovative architect like himself could

design. He also knew that they loved the waterfall, and he decided to make it part of the new

house

N

stairway from the living room giving direct access

section

“The best-known private home for someone not of royal blood in the history of the world."

1. The bridge spans

over 28 feet.

2. The Main House is

3 stories, plus a

partial basement.

The Guest House is

2 stories, including

the Servants

Quarters.

-.

. Material -Wright used only 4 materials to build Fallingwater—sandstone, reinforced concrete, steel and glass

-.

- Walls of glass form the south exposure, and a vertical shaft of mitered glass

merges with stone and steel to overlook the stream.

- The house is a marvel of twentieth-century technology.

TECHINIQUES USED

Wright chose the color of the concrete to match the back of a fallen leaf.

Wright used a lot of clear glass to allow the outside to flow freely into the inside.At certain times of day, the glass becomes very reflective and reminds somepeople of the mirror-like surfaces of a calm pool of water. At night, the glassseems to disappear.

All the stone at Falling water was quarried about 500 feet west of the waterfalls.

Design and construction

One problem of building was that the location of the north bank

of Bear Run was not large enough to provide a foundation for a

typically built Wright house.

The Kaufmanns planned to entertain large groups of people, so

the house would need to be larger than the plot allowed. Also,

Mr. and Mrs. Kaufmann requested separate bedrooms as well as

a bedroom for their adult son and an additional guest room.

Falling water, a large, low structure hovering like a boulder over the falls, seems

almost as much a part of nature as apart from it.

It’s been simplified into basic, essential shapes without added

ornamentation

Reinforced-concrete cantilever slabs project from the rocks to carry the house over

the stream.