NTFS vs FAT

Tanveer Ahmed

329

Presentation

DIT(1st)

OS (NTFS, FAT)

Submitted : Sir MEHMOOD

112/3/2014

What Is a File System?

• The organizational method used by an OS to store

files and folders on a secondary storage device

– FAT (file allocation table) file system

– Files and directories

– File naming conventions

– File organization

– Partitions and logical drives on a hard drive

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File Allocation Table

FAT File System

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File allocation table – where the OS records how the disk

space is used.

The File Allocation Table (FAT) file system is a simple file

system originally designed for small disks and simple folder

structures.

The FAT file system is named for its method of organization, the

file allocation table, which resides at the beginning of the

volume.

FAT File System

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File Systems

• FAT 16 – oldest, created for DOS, supported by most OSs’, cannot be installed on partitions larger than 2 GB, or on hard drives larger than 4GB.

• FAT 32 – supports disks from 512 to 2TB, compatible with Windows 98 and up

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Each FAT type has its limits; this table displays these limits:

FAT type Max Clusters Cluster sizes Max volume size

FAT12 4,086 0.5 to 4KB16,736,256 bytes

(16MB)

FAT16 65,526 2KB to 32KB2,147,483,648 bytes

(2GB)

FAT32 268,435,456 4KB to 32KB8,796,093,022,208 bytes

(8TB)

FAT Limitations

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Showing FAT16 in the

HDD Properties Window

File System Types

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Converting FAT16 to FAT32

At the command prompt:Cvt1.exe

This will allow you to convert a FAT16 file

system to a FAT32 system without losing any

data.

Converting FAT to NTFS At the command prompt:

Convert.exe

This will allow you to convert a FAT16 or FAT32

file system to a NTFS system without losing any

data.

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New Technology File System

NTFS

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NTFS is a high-performance, self-healing file system

proprietary to Windows XP and later. Features include

• File-level security, compression, and auditing

• Support for large volumes and powerful storage

solutions such as built-in RAID support

• The ability to encrypt files and folders to protect your

sensitive data

• More efficient drive management due to its smaller

cluster size capabilities

• Support for very large drives made possible by its 64-

bit clustering arrangement

• Recoverable file system capabilities

NTFS System Files

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RAID is a data storage technology that combines multiple

Disk Drives components into a logical unit for the

purposes of data redundancy and performance

improvement. Data is distributed across the drives in one

of several ways, referred to as Raid Levels, depending on

the specific level of redundancy and performance required

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NTFS System Files

This design makes file access very fast. Consider, for

example, the FAT file system, which uses a file allocation

table to list the names and addresses of each file. FAT

directory entries contain an index into the file allocation

table. When you want to view a file, FAT first reads the file

allocation table and assures that it exists. Then FAT

retrieves the file by searching the chain of allocation units

assigned to the file. With NTFS, as soon as you look up the

file, it's there for you to use.

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• NTFS has always had the ability to detect

metadata corruptions

– Its response was to:

• Mark the volume as corrupt

• Fail the operation

• With self-healing NTFS can not only detect

corruptions but it can also repair some

corruptions

– Only repairs certain MFT related corruptions

– Repairs failure without failing operation

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Self-healing

The Encrypting File System (EFS) provides the core file

encryption technology used to store encrypted files on NTFS

volumes. EFS keeps files safe from intruders who might gain

unauthorized physical access to sensitive, stored data (for

example, by stealing a portable computer or external disk

drive).

NTFS File Encryption

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Encryption is transparent to the user who encrypted the file;

the system automatically decrypts the file or folder when the

user accesses it. When the file is saved, encryption is

reapplied. Users who are not authorized to access the

encrypted files or folders transparently receive an “Access

denied” message if they try to open, copy, move, or rename

the encrypted file or folder.


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NTFS File Encryption• To use Windows Explorer to encrypt a file, open the

File Property Window by right-clicking on the file

name. Click Advanced... The Advanced

Attributes dialog will be opened, allowing you to

mark the file as encrypted.by command in cmd

cipher.exe

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• Before saving new settings Windows will prompt the user to encrypt

only the file or the whole folder. It address a very important issue -

while the file itself could be perfectly protected, the application which

opens the file may create temporary copies of the file while working

with the document.

• The example is Microsoft Word. When the user opens an encrypted

document, EFS decrypts it transparently for Word. Then during the

work, Word creates a temporary hidden file where it automatically

saves the document in the process of editing, and deletes it on the

exit. This hidden file presents a real breach in security because it

contains user data in plain (not encrypted) form. Encrypting the whole

folder instead of only the file solves this problem.


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NTFS5

• Windows 2000 and up features an improved NTFS,

referred to as NTFS5 and NTFS6. These versions

enable administrators to establish user hard disk

quotas limiting the amount of hard drive space

users can have access to.

• The NTFS system also offers enhanced system

security.

• Windows 2000+ provides an encrypted file system

and secure network protocol and authentication

standards.

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NTFS vs. FAT

Criteria NTFS5 NTFS FAT32 FAT16

Operating

System

Windows

2000,

Windows XP

Windows

NT,

Windows

2000,

Windows XP

Windows 98,

Windows

ME,

Windows

2000,

Windows XP

DOS,

All versions

of

Microsoft

Windows

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Limitations

Max Volume

Size256TB 256TB 2TB 2GB

Max Files on

Volume

Nearly

Unlimited

Nearly

Unlimited

Nearly

Unlimited~65000

Max File SizeLimited by

Volume Size

Limited by

Volume Size4GB 2GB

Max Clusters

Number

Nearly

Unlimited

Nearly

Unlimited268435456 65535

Max File

Name Length

Up to 255

characters

Up to 255

characters

Up to 255

characters

Standard – 8.3

Extended – up

to 255

NTFS vs. FAT

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File System Features

Unicode File

Names

Unicode

Character Set

Unicode

Character Set

System

Character Set

System

Character Set

System Records

Mirror

MFT Mirror

File

MFT Mirror

File

Second Copy

of FAT

Second Copy

of FAT

Boot Sector

Location

First and Last

Sectors

First and Last

SectorsFirst Sector First Sector

File AttributesStandard and

Custom

Standard and

CustomStandard Set Standard Set

Alternate

StreamsYes Yes No No

Compression Yes Yes No No

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File System Features

Encryption Yes No No No

Object

PermissionsYes Yes No No

Disk Quotas Yes No No No

Sparse Files Yes No No No

Reparse

PointsYes No No No

Volume

Mount PointsYes No No No

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Overall Performance

Built-In

SecurityYes Yes No No

Recoverability Yes Yes No No

Performance

Low on small

volumes,

High on Large

Low on small

volumes,

High on Large

High on small

volumes,

Low on large

Highest on

small volumes,

Low on large

Disk Space

EconomyMax Max Average

Minimal on

large volumes

Fault Tolerance Max Max Minimal Average

NTFS vs. FAT

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THANKYOU

END

SHOW

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NTFS vs FAT

Education

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