S

4.

ED 109 765

AUTHORTITLE

NSTITUTION

IDENTI4ER.

SPONS AGENCY

REPORT NOPUB DATENOTE

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

DOCUMENT RESUME

88 El 607 353

Cronshey, Raymond W.; Dunklau, M. WilliamRegistration Management System: General Descriptionand Users Guide. Project SIMU-School: Dallas

IrComponent.=Dallas Independent School District, Tex. Dept. ofResearch and Evaluation.Bureau of Elementary and Secondary Education(DHEW/OE), Washington, D.C.ER-75-619Mar 7567p.; Related documents are EA 007 350-354

MF-$0.76 HC-14.32 PLUS POSTAGEComputer Oriented Programs; *Computer Programs; DataAnalysis; Data Collection; EducationalAdministration; Elementary Secondary Education;*ManAgement Systems;-*On Lite Systems; *ProgramGuides; *Student EnrollsenV; Time SharingElementary Secondary Education Act Title III; ESEATitle III; Project SIMU chodl; *RegistrationManaged4ht System

ABSTRACT e et

This booklet describes the Registration ManagementSystem, an online computer system developed as one part of a familyof educational management systems. The stem promotes the rapidcollection and storage of,course enrollment data and studentdemographic data through the use of remote etimesharing computer

11,terminals located at individual schools. The booklet is organizedinto two sections--a brief general description and a user's guide,which provides a detailed explanation of how to use the system.

.Numerous examples of various program functions and output arepregented throughout,the user's quidt. (Author/JG)

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me

o PROJECT

U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION WNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT' POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED'. DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

srmu-SCHOOL

DALLAS COMPONENT °3';'(')'n'F'lloci,:';':;,,:;: {214) IM 1620

2

Dallas Independent School DistrictDr. Nolan Estes, General Superintendent

Development DivisionMr. Rogers L. BartonAssociate Superintendent

Department of Research, Evaluation,and Information SystemsDr. William J. WebsterDeputy Associate Superintendent

1

REGISTRATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND USERS GUIDE

Research Report No. 75-619

Raymond W. CronsheySenior Planner

M. William DunklauTechnical Director

,3Approved report of the Department of Research,

Evaluation, and Information Systems

Ra ond W. CronsheySenior PlannerProject Simu-School

4/;01 Kidewim, ;2),4.-4M. William DunklauTechnical DirectorProject Simu -School

//aGerald N. Kin:,Deputy Assistant SuperintendentPlanning and Data Processinc Servicesw

William J. Webster, Ph.D.Deputy Associate SuperintendentResearch, Evaluation, andInformation Systems

March, 1975

3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY,

Objectives of the Project: The Registration Management System is an

on-line computer system used to collect, verify, store, and retrieve

demographic and course request data forTzich student registering for

the following quarter or yes-r.

The system promotes the rapid collection and storage of accurate data

by checking course requests for validity and allowing student demo-

graphic data to be updated at computer response speeds. The counselor

in conference with a studqrit supplies information Co the District

computer by keying data into a teletypewriter. This avoids the data

resubmission,; and accompanying delay times associated with detecting

and correcting erroneous data in batch computer runs at an off-site.

computer center. If a student requests a course that is not being

taught, requests a course for which he is not eligible, or requests too

many or too few courses, the system will immediately issue an error

message.

Mass-registration capability by grade and sex reduces individual regis-

tration time. For example, all tenth grade boys could be registered

into tenth grade Boys P. E. and tenth grade English using only two

commands.

The system aggregates and compares course request data by listing and

enumerating answers to such questions as:

1. Which students are taking all of the following courses:Advanced Band, Honors Math, and Stagecraft?

2. How many tenth grade girls are of the American Indian race?

The system expedites parent approval by printing the.counselor-approved

course requests and the standard parental approval paragraph on a "tear-

off" sheet for each student before he leaves the counselor's office.

An initial version of this system was tested at T. W. Browne Junior High

School in the sp..-lng of 1974 to collect course registration data for

this year. The current version ui the program is being pilot tested this

Spring at W. W. Samuell High School to collect course registration data

for the three quarters of next year.

4

THE REGISTRATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

I. SYNOPSIS

The Registration Management System (RMS) was designed to decen-

tralize and speed up the school enrollment management process

by providing enrollment management tools at the local school

level. This objective is accomplished by employing remote,

time-sharing computer teriinals in the local schools. RMS

permits each school to collect and process its own student

course requests and to instantly update its student demographic

data base.

.

RMS programs are written in Time Sharing FORTRAN IV language.

The system is designed to assist'the education administrators

to quickly:

A. Collect student course enrollment request data

B. Detect and report input typing or" data errors

C. Execute massive modifjcatiions to existing student/

v ,

enrollment requests very quickly and easily

D. Detect and eport illegal course requests (e.g.,

boy in girl's P.E. class, 7th grader in 9th grade

class)

E. Detect and report requests with too few or too many

credit hours

F. Generate on-the-spot course enrollment tallys

G. Make instantaneous corrections to the student demo-\

graphic data base

2. INPUT REQUIREMENTS

RMS requires a file of students (which includes their pertinent

demographic data and their course enrollment requests).

RMS also requires a file of the names of the courses into which

tne students can request enrolment. If these two files do not

exist, they may be created in part or in whole by typing in the

data via the remote teletype terminals. Similarly, any data

existing in these files can be updated or corrected using these

same terminals.

3. TEACHING MACHINE CONCEPT

In order to accept all degrees of terminal operator proficiency,

RMS includes a built-in teaching machine which responds differ-

ently depending upon the experience of the typist (or operator).

For inexperienced operators, it asks questions using complete

sentences and generally types out Helpful hints to the user.

For an average operator, it shortens its questions and gives

only a few helpful reminders. For experienced operators, it

uses terse symbols and phrases to minimize conversation time.

RMS permits the operators to promote or demote themselves from

one experience level to another. The instructions which RMS

types to the "Novice" operator are so complete that an instruc-

tion book is not necessary. As the experience level of the

operator improves, RMS spends less and less time teaching the

operators or conversing with them.

-2-

4. OPERATION AND CONTROL OF RMS

The operator controls the activities of RMS by requesting one

of 17 one-letter "options". Each option performs one major

student enrollment activity. When any option task is completed,

RMS asks for its next option.

5. OUTPUT REPORTS

Since RMS maintains a continual dialog with the terminal

operator, most output reports are short and pertain generally

to tne list of courses requested by one student. A few of

its longer reports are as follows:

5.1 OPTION T (TALLY REQUESTS IN ALL COURSES)

For Option T RMS counts the number of students who have

requested each course, then it prints out the list of

courses and shows for each course:

1. Course number

2. Abbreviated name of the course

3. Period control, i.e., credit hours for the course

4. Sex restrictions (if-any) for the course

5. Grade level for which the course is taugnt

(e.g., 8 = 8th grade, 12 = high school senior)

6. Semester code (whicn indicates the semesters or

quarters in which the course is offered)

7. Tally or number of students who have requested

the course.

-3.-

7

5.2 OPTION L (COUNT ALL STUDENTS IN SAME COURSES)

For Option L RMS searches and finds all students who have

requested the same course or the same courses (the opera-

tor types in the list of courses when RMS asks for it).

RMS will just print the total number of students common

to those listed courses or it will also print the identi-

fication of each student who requested all of those

courses. It permits the operator to specify NAMES for

identification of the students by name or TOTAL for just

the total number of students. Under the NAMES operation

it prints the following information for each student:

1. Student Identification Number

2. Student Sex

J. Grade (1=15t, 12=high school senior)

5.3 OPTION F (FIND ALL ERRORS IN ONE GRADE)

For Option F RMS asks the operator to indicate one grade.

Then RMS inspects the enrollment requests for every

student in that 'grade. It.checks for:

1. Boy enrolled in Girls class

2. 6tudent enrolled in course whicn is offered

for another grade

3. Too many or too few credit hours (period control)

-1-

5.4 Student requesting a course that is not being

offered. The printed .report only contains the

names of those students who fail one of the

above tests.

Since tne teletype terminal is silent while it

is looking at student records which contain no

errors and only prints something when it discovers

an error, the operator may wonder if the computer

has broken down when it is silent. In order to

alleviate the operator's fears, RMS counts each

student. Every time the count reaches a number

divisible by 100, it prints out the count (600,700,

800, etc.) to let the operator know that it is

still alive.

-5-

i)

THE REGISTRATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

USERS GUIDE

1

Project Simu-School

Dallas Independent School District

10

0. Index

1.0

REGISTRATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Synopsis

USERS GUIDE

2.0 Input Structures

2.1 1 Input Equipment

2.2 Computer Programs

2.2.1 Program Storage Requirements

2.2.2 Program Inputs aad Outputs

2.2.3 Sequence of Program Executions

2.3. Data Files

2.3.1 Data File Storage Requirements

2.3.2 File Formats

3.0 System Operation

3.1 /Human Engineering Features/-

3.2 Operator/OLCREQ Communication

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.3

3.3.1

3.3.1.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

T4

How OLCREQ asks the Operator Questions

Getting OLCREQ to Start

Getting OLCREQ to Stop

Description of Operator Options

Option A: Mass Requests to All of One Grade

Option A Error Exits

Option C: Change,Course Offerings

Option E: Change Experience Level

0.-1

3.3.4 Option F: Find All Errors in One Grade

3.3.5 Option I: Count All Inactive Students

3.3.6 Option K: Change Student Data

3.3.7 Option L: List Students In Sine Courses

3.3.8 Optidn M: Selective Mass Requests

3.3.9 Option N: Add New Student Record

3.3.10 Option 0: Type List of Options

3.3.11 Option P. Print Results at Computer Center

3.3.12 Option Q: Quick Course Input Only

3.3.13 Option S: Stop This Program

3.3.14 Option T: 'tally Requests in All Courses

3.3.15 Option U: List Unrequested Students

3.3.16 Option W: Withdraw/Reinstate Student

3.3.17 option Z: Counselor High-Speed nput

I

O. -2

;"

3

THE REGISTRATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

I. SYNOPSIS.

The Registration Management System (RMS) was designed to decen-

tralize and speed up the school enrollment management process

by providing enrollment management tools at the local school

level. This objective is accomplished by employing remote,

1.

ime-sharing computer terminals in the lo L- ,s. RMSet

ermits each school to collect and process its own student

course requests and to instantly update its student demographic

data lose.

RMS programs are written in Time Sharipg FORTRAN IV language.

The system isdesigned to assist the education administrators to

quickly:

aA. Collect student course enrollment request data

B. Detect- nd,report input typing or data-errors

C. Execute massive modifications to existing student

enrollment requests very quickly and easily

D. Detect and report illegal course requests (e.g.,

boy in girl's P.E. class, 7th grader in 9th grade t_

class)

E. Detect and report requests with too few or too

many credit hours

F. Generate on-the-spot course enrollment tallys

G. Make instantaneous corrections to the student demo-

graphic data base'

1.0 -1"

The various programs which comprise RMS were, written in:

Time'Sharing Fortran IV.

_ 1.0-2

. 'They were implemented and successfully tested using the enrollment

of the 1,789-student T. W. Browne Junior High School of the Dallas

Independent School District, Dallas, Texas in May of 1974. The

RMS programs can be stored, on disc, and all files associated with

it are designed to be stored on disc also.

Since the basic student demographic files were normally maintained

and processed at the Region 10 Texas Education Agency, an extracte.:

version was obtained from Region 10. This became the student base

file for RMS. In order to keep the Region 10 data base in step

with the daily updated RMS data base, an "updating deck" of cards'

was periodically produced and transmitted back to the Region 10

computing center.

1,1

2.0-1

2.0 Input"Structure

RMS is a date base management system. The main data base is file

"STU043", where "043" is the school identification number,for T. W.

Browne Junior High School. For other schools similar files,would

17"

be employed using their own 3-digit numeric identification subriti-/-

tuted for "043". Since RMS is a time-sharing system there are no

input card format requirements. The input-output conversation roles

at the teletype terminal are extremely simple:

When RMS wishes the terminal operator to type in some,infotma-

tion or to answer a question its: .

I

1) Types the question

\"-- 2) Types a questiop mark

3) Waits for the operator :to tqpe the reply.

The question mark is the signal that RMS is awaiting. some action

by he operator.

2.1 Input Equipment

Any type 'of remote terminal may be employed. The programs are formated,

for use with a 72-chaiatter wide display employing all upper case

alphabetic (plus numeric) characters.

2.2 Coaputer Programs

The computer program in RMS is named "OLCREQ" (On-Line Course/Request).

1'

4t

3

2.2.1-1

2.2.1 Program Storage Requirements

41(A'

Program 111". Number of Records in Words* perName Source Program Object Program Record

OLCREQ 2021 426 10

Word Length = 48 Bits

2.2.2 Program Inputs And Outputs

Program Name Inputs Outputs

OLCREQ File "COU043" -File "TRX043"File "STU043" Updated "STU043"File "IDX043" Updated,"IDX043"

2.2.3 Sequence Of Program Executions

1. Obtain 9- cannel tape "STUDNT/MASTER" containing student data'base frl Region 10.

2. Since Region 10 could not create a 7-channel magnetic tape andsince the Dallas School computer could only use 7-channel tapesit was necessary to go to a commercial computer faculty to havethe data-oTv-the Region- 10- tape translated-into-aT=channel dataformat and record on a 7-channel tape named "STUDNT/MASTER",

3. Execute program "TAPSTU" to create disc files "STU000" and'IDX000" from the data on the 7-channel tape.

4. Execute program "COPSTU" to create disc files "STU043" and IDX041"from files "STU000" and "IDX000".

5. Optional: Execute program "SEESTU" to inspect some selecteddata records of "STU043" to verify that the ccrrect data hadbeen obtained from Region 10. (This is the first convenientpoint in the proceed where a printed formatted output of thedata base could be obtained on the local teletype terminal.)

6. Execute program "OLCREQ" to:

A. Insert student course requests, into file "STU043".

B. Modify st-dent demographics data in file "STU043".

C. Create th, list of course offerings file "COU043".

IC

2.2.1-2,A

7. , Execute program "OLCPUN" to create an 80-column card-image fileof student course requests (named "STUPUN").

8. Execute standard computer utility program to punch the contentsof file "STUPUN" as a punched card deck (for transmittal toRegion 10 so that they can update their students data base).

Note: ,Steps 7, 8 and 9 would not be needed in other environments wherethe local school's remote teletype terminal could converse direct-ly with-the "official" computer student data base._

9. Daily or Periodically execute standard computer utility program topunch the conceits of file "TRX043" as a punched card deck for trans-mittal to,Reginn 10 (to update their student data base). File"TRX043" is an 870-e6?umn card-imgge transaction file of all changesto either the stu ent course requests or to the student demographicdata. File "TRX0 3" is created automatically whenever program"OLCREQ" is executed. k

2.3 Data Files

,

All data files are designed to be resident on disc storage during the executionof the programs. ,-----,

N

Data I=Inspected

File ' Used With R =Random "P=Permanent C=Created

`Name Program S=Sequential T=Temporary M=Modified

COU043 OLCREQ S P M

IDXt,43 OLCREQ R P M

INQ043 OLCREQ S P T

STU043 OLCREQ R P M

TRX043 OLCREQ S P C

.\

s

,.

2.3.1-1

2.3.1 Data File Storage Requirements

Words Per RecordFile Name, Number c' Records 48 Bits Per Word

COU043 88 10 4_

IDX043 201 30

*INQ043 Approx. 40 10

STU043 4000 30

TRX043 2500 10

*This file is hand-created from the terminal prior to executing OLCREQ

It is only required for one part of Option Q. Since it contains data

of variable length it has no specified size.

a2.3.2 File Formats

File Character Symbolic NameName Positions in Program Description

COU043 N Course Number

IDX043

3-18 TT (1 to 3,N) Course Title

19-24 TT (4,N) Not Used

25-30 TT (4,N) Period Control

36 TT (5,N) Sex

37-42 TT (6,N) Grade

43-48 TT (7,N) Semester

Record #0 (Free Fotm School idelmiri,_dLion)

Records #1 Thru 100 As Shown Below

1-6 Number 1stStudent I.D.

18

INQ043

INQ043

7-12 2nd Student I.D. Number

235-240 40th Student I.D. Number

Records #101 Thru 200 As Shown Below

1-6

235-240

(Free Form) Record Header

(Free Form) Detail Record

2.3.2-2

1st Student 1st 6 characters of Last Name

40th Student 1st 6 characters of Last Name

Student I.D. Number or Student Name(with Slashes)

Course Nubers and SemesterNumbers (with Slash Separators)

STU043 1-6 ISN Student I.D. Number

7-9 IACT Student Activity

10-34 SNAME Student Name

35-59 PNAME Guardian Name

60-65 ADDR(1) Street Number

66-67 ADDR(2) Street Name Prefix

68 -82 ADDR(3,4,5) Street Name

83-84 ADDR(6) Street Suffix

85-101 ADDR(7,8,9) City Name

102-106 ADDR(10) ZIP CODE

107-114 ADDR(11,12) TELEPHONE

115-121 AIDDR(13,14) EMERGENCY TELEPHONE

122-125 ADDR(15) Apartment Identifier

126 ADDR(16) Same Mail Address

127 ISEX SEX

128 IRACE RACE

19

TRX043

ite

2.3.2-3

129-130 I GRADE GRADE

131-133 IADV Advipor Number

134-131 IREQ(1-16) 16 Course Requests

182-197 ISEM(1-16) 16 Semester Identifiers

1 IP Card Type Identifier

(E", "F", or "G')

2-4 ISC School Identifier ( "043 ")

5-10 ISN Student ID Number

(11-14),(19-21),(26-28), (33-35), (40-42), (47-49), 54-56), 61-63)

IREQ(I)

17, 24, 31, 38, 45, 52, 59, 66,

ISEM(I)

F course Requests

8 Semester Identifiers

11, 15-16, 18, 22-23, 25, 29,-30, 32, 36-37, 39, 42-43, 46, 50-51,53,57-58,

60, 64-65, 67-71 (BLANKS)

72-73 R,0 Constant="RO"

74-79 MO,DA,YR, Date (MMDDYY).

80 C Constant= "C"

AN)

3.1 -1

3.0 System Operation

3.1 Human Engineering Features

The program OLCREQ has been "human engineered" to present its questions

. and its replies in such detail and in such sequences as to virtually

preclude operator confusion or misunderstanding. For example, only one

syntactic character is every used, namely, the slash (/) mark. Thus

when typing in a name the system will advise the operator "FOR'IAT= FIRST

NAME(SLASH)MIDDLE INITIAL(SLASH)LAST NAME" and will check when one t')0.;

in "JOHN/Q/PUBLIK" to verify that the slashes were present.

The program leads the operator through various sequences of dialog.

Whenever the system asks for more instructions it always provides a list

of acceptable replies so the operator need only select the desired one

and type it in. Whenever the system is in a repetitive loop asking for

another name or another number it always displays the exit character

which will break the loop and return the system to a higher level control

point.

Example:

"NEXT STUDENT NAME (EXIT=***)"

"NEXT STUDENT NUMBER (EXIT = 0)"

The program OLCREQ is designed to be effective with varying experience or

intelligence levels of operators. As such, it contains the essential ele-

ments of a teaching machine for instructing its terminal operators.

OLCRW recognizes 3 levels of operator experience: novice, average, expert.

There are three ,,ets of answers and three sets of questions for every one of

the 17 different tasks (called "OPTIONS") which °URN (an be instructed to

perform (one set each for novice, average, and expert).

3.1-2

"FwpPrt" rploctintlt, nrIA vDry cryptic, assuming that the opera-

tor knows all of the system data input format requirements etc., and are

executed with the fewest number of typed characters consistent with

unambigous operation.

"Average" questions and answers employ longer phrases and some helpful

reminders to keep the terminal operator from forgetting important format

details.

"Novice" questions and answers emplo-, sentences and provide additional

instructions. It,takes the place of an operator's manual and provides

helpful suggestions to instruct the operator in becoming proficient.

All classes of operation employ extensive error detection routines for

finding illegal or operator-caused data input errors. The extent of the

error slogans thus produced is either long (for novice), medium (for

average) or crytic (for expert).

At sign-on time the operator is advised of the three_operator-experience

levels and is requested to identify her experience level. Thus, the

system adjusts itself tothe current operator's proficiency.

Thereafter, ay any time, the operator may promote or demote himself or

herself by simply executing Option E, the operator experience option.

The inclusion of this self-teaching feature permits any person to become

a productive terminal operator with a minimum amount of instruction, and

provides n continuity of instruction that is always available to help

upgrade operating proficiency.

Figure 3.1-A documents the actual conversation between OLCREQ and a Novice

operator. Whenever the computer requires an answer from the operator it

:cr\Jf t-

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Figure 3.1-A

3.1-3

types a question mark as the first character on the line and then waits

while the operator types the reply on that line. In this example the

operator answered "NO", "NOVICE", and "A".

Part of the "huMan engineering" in OLCREQ consists of allowing the

operator to respond with any alphanumeric character without causing

abnormal program termination. After the character is received it is

examined and tested for its numeric or alpha identity. If a non-numeric

character is detected when a numeric character is required then OLCREQ

will notify the operator that an error has been made and request that

she re-type the last entry. Input-checking operations of this type

are handled in a subroutine named READER contained within OLCREQ.

Part of tie human engineering concept in OLCREQ is to permit a large

amount of different kinds of data to be typed in at one time. Rather

than to ask "SEX" and wait for the operator to type "B" or "G" (Boy

or Girl) and then to have the computer ask "RACE" and then wait for

)

the operator to type the reply and then to have the computer ask

"GRADE" and then wait for the operator to type the reply, etc., a whole

series of, questions are asked which can all be answered,at one time.

The operator merely types the syntactic character "slash mark" (/)

between each of the data fields. All of this is explained to the

NOVICE operator as shown by Figure 3.1-B which occurs during one part

of the execution of Option N.

The contents of each typed-in field (sex, race, grade, etc.) is then

checked for reasonableness before being accepted. Rejected fields

cause typed-out notice of the reason fot its rejection so that the

operator may enter the data again correctly.

UHICH OFII0\17V

( 1 1 - 1 1 ) .

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( 5 5n vo j,1 nYL

"PitIV1 (01 . Jhr 1 "I. *i.1 :t I In.(11Pr I nA) trrh t.1.1(11(Y3.-1 I t ( 1,?1mri I I Ats1 1.H I- ( ,5,(,7,'.(,.))

tI I AV \I Ay F

F0},v1A1= F 'AF/vI Ll A1./LAL1 \jc.,11./?d0H1l/r/AltAmL/.1r14\1 (

17

10 Yon -cql 1\1!1:f41[11, 0,) 10 Fq1Er 11--v10GHIC (fl-L,\Jni

1. h 1 I h h OF I \,1 F ,\ I I 0 1 .5_1TH Al-,

f',11..t-40\11. \111v) tl.( I Si v1.1'1, (

IL Cr1,1.1.1 A I n-if,1f. 1f` 3. t , L (1( 11- I F 1 1 -Cr (\Ur t r.' r 1. \I r: (/).

I ITA. 1 ft 1. A FO: F.01../.^1 t,j NH- (1\11FA 1'"PIE. Inv r; iF 1-{F (:F1-0,1 11.1 11 ).

L. 1HFV, n,i 1HF 1.14 I %11.1_

se01 11111p- PI 11-IF IFY0(11,(HIC 11A fOL 1.1f.H 10(101.1V(1. 10 .1011'1f. Fo(H FIF1.1 ,11,1 A/v).

1, 1'01 1n N1(11 "I (..rl 10 1- N111. k AJf 1n I,' I \I in 1 1' ;

I C' I H sr CA' = 1111 ) Y011 XII)/ 1 el 1. `ant /).F 1.,Y1r1 !VC 1.11- 10 1HF -I I: :1, \11 ( 0 , I I I

\in 1 I /\\If1.-1I VC, 10 1-11. F I t.1-1 Ln 1,1/4 I.V01 CH0VCF11.

F. \31.'11 LA10 1,A( . 1 t r.i 1 I}' I1, ;, I (' Oi. (1) ()I.I,0 1.1 : rt.

1i1-11 Arnr for' -1 -4 I t 1t11 r( 1.1 r 1.1 I

lyt h 10-0 ;T,V (11 t F F'11 C1h 1 Iril

Fni / 1 ; 7 1 A r 1)1 .1 0,1 /t i /. 1 rH t 1/ ' - 1 /i I1(/7I f-/1 00 \IF. /1`^F:fi t / r.t 1"1-\11 /1 I 1 1-1. , \*. i v*.t)1 1. ( " )/

tiF t r 0 F r. "11,1. ( 0'1,1 1 r" 1 .

H///1.1.1/////110.1.AL////i/ If.r1 ,,"41 1 I. ,1 11

// /1-,3/\t/c rt.//// ((,--trstrt..1 11 1.1. 1, t nol. )

I nvl V010 pFPli Fot Ivt111.

1Thvn I \/:,,1( 1./r1 AI h /1 1 T:nt 11,/t i/: t'F.1.1> /(1 it //k fin\if'/I "I' n 1 fl F /Atf.: 10.1..11 /1 1,1.1.1. 1 ( s))/

Figure 3.1-B

3.2 -1

3.2 .,:Operator /OLCREQ Communications

3.2.1 How OLCREQ Asks The Oftrator Questions

When OLCREQ wishes the operator to answer its question or

to type in more data, etc., it types the question it wishes

answered. Then it types a question mark on the left margin

of abe next line and waits.

The lonely question mark at the left of the page is the signal

that OLCREQ is now waiting for the operator to type in the

reply. After the reply has been typed (immediately-to the right

of ehe question mark) one must press the CARRIAGE RETURN key.

That key is the signal to OLCREQ that the operator has completed

the answer and is now waiting for OLCREQ to continue.

I

9

r-te/sot)

3.2.2-1

3.2.2 Getting OLCREQ To Start

To starte4cuting program OLCREQ, the operator:,N

1. Turns the ItINE/OFF/LOCAL switch on the teletype to 4

"LINE."

2. Picks up ON,J,Ijacent telephone.

3. Dials the telephone number of the time-sbariug

computer.

4. Listens for the "ready tone" signal from the

computer.

5. Places the telephone handset into the acoustic

coupler (which connects the telephone to the

teletype) and waits for the computer to type

its introductory remarks on the teletype.

6. Types in the "user number", then the secret pass-

word and waif.," for the computer to verify author-

ization to use that computer.

7. At that point one can cause the computer to execute

any one of many programs stor,-d in the memory of the

computer.

8. In this case, to execute for RUN) program OLCREQ the

operator merely types in "RUN OLCREQ."

9. Program OLCREQ will then start "running."

10. Since the program may have not been used for days or

months it needs to get oriented so it asks the operator

what day it,is 'see Fig. 3.1-A).

If one had typed in an illegal or impossible date

OLCREQ would have indicated so and then requested

the correct date again.

)1044.J1

3.2.2-2

11. OLCREQ then verifies that the necessary data files

STU043, IDX043, C0U043 and TRX043 are present in

the computer memory bank. (It cannot function

without them.)

12. It then reads the first record in STU043 which

contains the name of the school and prints it

out on the teletype for the operator to inspect.

13. It then similarly prints out the name of the school

which is present on the "index" file IDX043 for

additional verification.

14. OLCREQ does not yet know if -ft is speaking to a new

or an experienced operator so it proceeds to ask if

it should skip its advice to new operators. (In

Fig. 3.1-A the operator answered "NO" so it describes

its 3 levels of operator experience.)

15. OLCREQ then requires the operator to classify oneself

(In Fig. 3.1-A the operator types ini's'NOVICE.")

16. It then lists all of the optioni available to the operator

and asks the operator which option to execute. (In Fig. 3.1-A

the operator requested Option A.)

,V way of comparison,-Fig. 3.2.2-A shows what would happen if the

operator had answered "YES", "EXPERT" and "A" respectiveay. The

reduction in typed lines and the improvement in speed of operation

is quite evident.

Note that the number 1812 at the end of "WHICH OPTION" is the number

of students. It is just another double check that the correct data

file is being used.

141\1 01,1',,1.1.

14.1. 1.1-11 10! P.P, I ',II. fs.:. 1.01,1,0";Ffli 'A1 '0\j( t I CI I: T, rIf ( PI I rI 1 d (i-1,o!-r-i) YE,' ( FI (AIL))?11/11.1/741.11111.M1 FIL1- 11.1A P1

P3 1-1:.01\11- J1,010.; 1-1IC ijj1\11 1.1

1 '1 . ,1, 110. tI 0,1 1 .-1`,c)..-.;4Izii = 1

)kI'\L\I( 10 Tr,. (er,L,sii)?(Trf's

1 In,\) r. l'rI') TM' (F A.1 F'1, ."- 1/1. on I C F)

\ir 10 F I F \I( 1 !.1 I,

1,111(.i 01 110-'2 (i ') 1 1,?f

Figure 3.2.2A

(

a1(.417,/,

3.2.3 Getting OLCRE9 To sop_

To stop program OLCREQ, the operator merely requests it

r.

to execute "Option S" (this is the "STOP1' option).

c

30

l

3.2.3-1

iN

3.3 -1

3.3 Description of Operator Options

The operator, controls the operation of OLCREQ by requesting it to

execute an "OPTION" (identified as OPTION A, OPTION E, OPTION, K, etc.).

If the operator should ever forget the various options available,_he

or she just requests OPTION 0 and OLCREQ will type out a catalog of

all the options available.

Figure 3.3-A shows what happens if the operator requests a non-existent

option. (Option B was requested. Since there is no Option B,

OLCREQ advises the operator and then repeats its question "WHICH

OPTION?").

.1.

3 1

(0=LIS1 OF OIlIONE)

%ificH op1in,1 (4,C,F,F,I,K,L,N1-,N,O,P.:CoE,1,UP1.',7) 1812niI ET) NO1 14.COCNI7F 0E1'0%; 9

(O=LIS1 OF 01-1ION1)

'3-t! (-4 OilION (4,C,E,F,I,K,L,M,N,0,1,0,5,1,1.1,W/..) 1812?

t.

/1f

Figure 3.3-A

32

3.3.1 Option A: Mass Request To All Of One Grade

.0

3.3.1-1

Option A permits mass erasures from (and mass insertions into) the records

of all students who are of a specified sex (Boy or Girl) and who are in a

specified grade (8, 9, 10, 11, 12). In Fig. 3.3.1-A the operator requested

Option A specifying B (boys) and 8 (8th grade). OLCREQ then requests the

operator to type in a list of course numbers followed by their "semester

number" and, for the novice_ operator, types a sample format for use as a

guide. One, must be sure to include the syntactic separator mark (slash)

following each course number and each semester number. One can type as

many courses (with their semester numbers) as pbssible on one line.

In Fig. 3.3.1-A the operator only wanted all 8th grade boys to request

one course (751) whose semester number was 4. (In the Dallas schools a

semester number of 4 indicates a two semester course while a-semester

number of 7 indicates a one semester course.)

OLCREQ then pauses while it compares the course number which the operator

had requested against the official list of courses as contained in file

COU043. If the operator had inadvertantly typed a non-existent course

number OLCREQ would have so indicated.

It then types back the list of courses it had received from the operator

and also prints the title of each course for operator confirmation of

this list. (The operator possibly could have mistyped one or more course

numbers). It then waits until the operator types in YES or NO for

confirmation. The program then examines every student record in file

STU043. Whenever it finds a record which meets these 2 requirements of

sex and grade it will:

1. Erase all existing course requests in that record

2. Insert the specified list of coucse numbers as the only

legitimate course requests.

s.

(0=13E7 Of 01110\/s)

%"4111-4 OF110\! (0,C,F,F.I..14,1,,m,\1,0,1,up:.:,1,11,,,,,4) 1rs12

?i'

(I 110v A. vA;!-_, !E(UF.51 F11-1 ArA, OF 0'3E GnAlk Avt nyl.bpx

(F=FX11) SFAS 10 14. SCHELULFL (P,G.Oh F)?r,

ORALi 10 PF SCHFC111,F17'4

(0M-SE 1CUFS1S 10 Pk IN,ILFtN1F1,

Fm mA1 =(011nSF \IUMPFM/SFMFL1Fr../?7S1/L/s

00111,14 ChOiF SEA SEM iC

751 1 POY ..ic<

11 1 1 mAf HAVE. G:Alf. cnvFLIcl

(1 iEhint (nvihou= 1 I\ISAFAL OF 12. ,

Is THE COHnSF LIST COtiFIECT (Y1.5,\M)

?YFS100200300tnn5rn(no700,40n

)0n

10001100120013nn'tooicym

1 (00

17001 "t,

1= 1.<1:4'-- 4AX= 1%412

1,1 GhAL,F, ',---i7 BOY POFILS SCHELULFL

(0=1,11-1 0F OF1I0\lf:)

'HICH ItTION (0,(..E.,F,I,K,L,M,\1..0,1',O.,Sp1Upt,p7.) 1K12

?

.....----, Figure 3.3.1-A

34

5

3.3.1-7

It requires perhaps 5 minutes or more in order to examine each student

record in STU043 (depending upon the number of students in the file).

An operator sitting in front of a lifeless teletype for one minute or

more may start to worry. One may wonder if the telephone line has gone

dead or if the computer has stopped. Therefore, in order to allay

fears, OLCREQ switches to its "PLACEBO" mode. In this mode it counts

each student record which it examines. Each time it counts 100 records

it prints out the number. This accomplishes 2 things. It lets the

operator know that it is not dead and it lets one gauge how much longer

it will take the computer to comply with the present command. In Fig.,

3.3.1-A the reader will see the numbers

100

200

300

400

up to 1800 which the PLACEBO operation generated.

The program OLCREQ then types out the actual number of pupils whose

schedules were thus modified by Option A. It will then permit the

operator to select another option.

Because it erase,, all previous course requests in the selected records

Option A is very powerful and should always be executed before other

options such as K, N, Q, or Z. Otherwise, if these other options are

executed before Option A is executed, OLCREQ will print out a warning

to the operator as follows: "CAUTION. Option A is very powerful. It

erases every course for every student of that grade and sex. It will

supertede any corrections in Options K, or N, or Q, or Z. Be sure to

do all Option A work before starting Options K, N, Q, or Z." Knowing

3r

3.3.1-3

that the operator will'get bored while waiting for this warning to be

printed out EVERY time OPTIONS. A.IK,N,Q, or Z are requested, OLCREQ

will only print out the warning once per program execution. In Figure41,

3.2.2-A to the right of the STUDENT FILE HEADER one will see printed

"A103174." The letter "A" indicates that this "Option A" warning has

already been printed once before so 1t will never again be printed.

(The first time that OLCREQ is used there is a blank instead of the

'letter A there.) The data 103174 shows the last date (November 31,

1974) that the file.STU043 had been updated. This date is another

double check that the operator may use to see that the computer contains

the latest version of the STU043 data file.

Option A is particularly useful for grades 7 and 8 where large numbers

of students wilst take standard prescribed courses.

3.3.1.1 Option A Error Exits

The following error exits are provii.ed for Option A:

1. For "sex" if the operator types anything other than 13 or G it

will start Option A over again.

2. When it asks "Is the course list correct" and the operator

answers with "NO" OLCREQ will then jump back to "COURSE

REQUESTS TO BE INSERTED."

3. Option A temporarily jumps to error checking subroutine

"CORSEL" which checks for and reports:

A. An illegal course number

B. An illegal semester number for that course

C. A Boy's request for a Girls' Course (or vice versa)

D. Student in a particular grade requesting a course for

an inappropriate grade

3';

6 .

3.3.1.1-1

E. Selecting more than L6 courses

F. A course which is not followed by its semester number

G. A course number which contains A minus prefix

.4

0

....*. -9Lit

"-,

3.3.2 Option C: Change Course Offerings

Option C permits additions, deletions, and modifications to the list

of authorized courses (in file COU043). Before changes are entered the

operator can request a print-out of the existing contents of the

file. One is also offered the opportunity to list the contents of

the file after changes have been effected.

For each course the file will contain:

A. Course number

B. Course title (free form)

C. Period control (hours per day of credit).

D. Sex restrictions if any (B, G, or blank)

E. Grade -

F. Semester identification (4=all year, 7=half year)

Illegal values of Course Number, Sex, Grade or Semester will cause

a varning to be printed,out. Upon completion, OPTION C will permit

the operator to select another option.

Fig. 3.3.2-A shows the operator/OLCREQ dialog. The operator did not

want a list of courses printed out at first. (If so, the list would

have been similar to the list at the bottom of the figure.) The operator

deleted course 117 by inserting a minus sign in front of it. (Note that

when a course is deleted the other information is not typed.) The

operator added course 206 and then indicated no more course cis

by typin i! in the exit number +994.

Fig. 3.3.2-A was the dialog for a NOVICE operator. Fig. 3.3.2-B is the

same dialog for an exert operator. Notice its brevity. (It expeCts the

operator to know the correct format, etc.)

38

(o=1,111 M.' OPTIONS)

wHtcq niTinv 1F1P?C

nplioN C. CHONG? C011hEE OkFEhl1GS.LO Y011 ,AN1 A LIST 0? AC1IV? C014151.S (YES/A0)?NO

4

(COPh1.=+9)) lb EXI1. NEGATIE IS LELE1E, POIIIIVF I ALL)

?OhmAl IS(+-)COUnS? VtimBFP (AS1FhISK) SEMESTEP(YHICH IS 4 Oh 7)SEX (P ()z G Oh PLANK) GhADE (2LIGi1S)PF1,101) (2LIGIls)IITLF (1K LIGITS ?PEE FOPm)

EX AM'PL E +950*4P0902P.E. BOYS 91H

\MXT CO(JhL? (+)99=EXI1)?-117DFLE1YD.

*XI COOhS? INPUT (+999=1./11)?+206*4 07021?XAS HIblOhY' GEO

'NEXT COnSE IVPHT (+9)-)=EX11)?+())9'

ON1F mOm?N1 wHILP 1HESE CHANGES.ID YOU LIAN1 In Eh? hFVISFD LIS1 (YES,NO)?YESI

C01 _1 I T L E P.0 SEX GhALE SEM hk.1 UE:215--- --- ----- --- --------

105 FVG LANG Ahl 7P 7 4 010( ENG LANG AhT 7 2 7 4 0109 FNG LANG ART KR 2 8 b 0110 ENO LANG AhT k 2 H 4 0113 FVGLISH IA 2 8 4 0116 EVGLIti 1R 2 9 4 0119 EVGLI!-HIIA 2 9 4 013R COhil I-EALING 2 0 4 n15( LANG AR1S 7(5 2 r. 7 4 n157 LAVE; AhlS 8 CS 2 8 ,4 0158 ENGLISH 1 CS 2 9 4 0166 SPEECH 7 1 7 7 0.181 AhT 7 1 7 7 0183 ART 1 2 9 4 0206 TEXAS HISTORY GEO 2 7 4 0211 AM HISI CITZ 9 2 H 4 0214 WLL GEO STUD 2 ') 4 0217 'I'LL HI ST STUD P 9 4 02(0 GP) SHOP H r 8 '14 0

Figure 3.3.2-A

()PIM C. CHANrE COUI.S1.LO YOU "TANI A LIST OF ACTIVE COUh:;k1-, (YE: /NO)

?NG

NFX1 COU.,b1. I 1 31 C+999=EXII)?-117LFLETI.P.

VEXT COHI:F INPUT (+99)=1-.2,i1)

?+20f,*4 o7rr_ HILTOlf GEO

NEXT CO(li-SF (+)))=AI1)))9

ONE ',1() ',ENT TILE I STONE THESE CHANGE:,10 PT!, WANT TO SEE THE hELISFL LIST (leFL,V0)?N0

oPlION 1,;1.

Figure 3.3.2-B

3.3.3 -1

3.3.3 Option E: Change Experience Level

OPTION E is described in detail in Section 3.1, HUMAN ENGINEERING

FEATURES. The program always executes. Option E automatically at

sign-on. Thereafter it may be executed whenever the operator

wishes to be promoted or demoted. If promoted prematurely the

operator will soon discover that its cryptic instructions are too

confuging. That is when the operator should demote herself or him-,

self to the level (NOVICE or AVERAGE) which matches knowledge and

understanding of-the system.

OPTION E will print out the name of its newl' selected experience

leivel (NOVICE, AVERAGE, EXPERT) and then switch to that mode of

operation. It will then permit the operator to select another

option. -Figure 3.3.3-A illustrates Option E in which the k,derator

classifies oneself as NOVICE while Figure 3.3.3-B illustrates6

Option E in which. the operator classifies oneself as EXPERT. Notice

the ieduction of descriptive lines in the EXPERT mode.

WHICH OPIII)N 1812

I IU- ON Ot EXPFIF \ICE LEVELIO YOU CLA1SIFY YOURSELF (EXPEhliAVERAGEOIOVICF)

.?\;ntc,F,

SVI1CHINC In \MICE EXPERIENCE LEVEL

TRE:u ol-TImis ARE AVAILARLF 10 YOU.11FOUES1 10 ALL OF ONE GRADE 0=TYPF LIS1 OF OPTIO41)

C7:(HANOF CONRSF OFFERINPS P=PRIN1 REQUEST Al SKYLINEE=F,cPFIIIENCF LEVEL C=CMICK COURSE INPUT ONLYF.EIVE ALL FER0-1, IV ONE roALE S=STOF 'HIS PROGRAMI.cm;;1, INACTIVE STULENTSK=CHANOF 1TULEVT LATA 1=1At\,LY REQUFS1S IN ,ALL COUASFSL=1.111 SIUDEVIS IN SAME COURSES U=UN11EOUES1FL SlULEV1 LISTM=SFLECIIVF MASS REQUEST:. 61=WIiEfLhAW/HEINSTATE STULEN1Sv=AIr 1EV STUDEN1 hFCOHE ?=COUVSELOR HI-SPFEL IVPU1

(0=1.I:1 OF OPTION1-)

nPlION )..F..0,S,1,U,V,7) 1812

Figure 3.3.3-A

WHICH OPTION (A,C,E,F,I,R,L,M,N,O,P,O,S,T,U,W,7.) 1812?F

OF1ION E.- OPERATOR EXPERIENCE LEVELAIV DO Y011 CLASSIFY YOURSELF (EXPEh1,AVEAAGF,NOVICE)?EXPERT

SYIT0ING TO EXPERT EXPERIENCE LEVEL

txfICH OPTION (A,C,E,F,I,R,L,M,N,O,P,O,S,TAU,W,Z) 1812

Figure 3.3.3-B

3.3.4-1

3.3.4 ,Option F: Find All Errors In One Grade

Option F requests the operator to type in one grade number.

It then examines every student record in file STU043, stopping

only at those records which show a student activity code of

zero (meaning an ACTIVE student) and a grade number equal to

the number which the operator had typed in.

Wheel the system stops at a student record, it examines each course

request number for any errors regarding that course, such as:

1. Illegal course number (not in COU043)

2. Course Sex and Student Sex not identical

3. Course Grade and'Student Grade not identical

4. Illegal Semester

5. Duplicate course numbers

6. Period Control total not equal to 12.

When errors 4 or 5 (above) are encountered the program will:

A. 'Erase the course request (if illegal semester) and

notify the operator

B. Replace one of the duplicate courses with a zero and

notify the operator.

Option F employs the PLACEBO mode (F,ce Section 3.3.1).

Upon completion OPTION F prints out "SEARCH COMPLETE" and then

permit: the operator to select another option.

Fig. 3.3.4-A shows the operation of Option F.

43

wict %lin.] (A,C,E,F,I,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,SsT,U,W,Z) 1612?F

OPTION F. l'ARCH ALL POSIPLE SCHEDULE FhhORSPOt OVF ORAL:..

12)711 MAIATIN hELEK 501 MAY HAVE GRADE CONFLICT/S1ULFN1 I.1. 129711 PERIOL CONTROL= 9 INSTEAD OF 12.STUFNI I.I. 129712 PERIOD CONIEOL=10 INSTEAD OF 12.

.129717 JAMES / PSCHOEN 750 POTENTIAL SEX CONFLICT!TOLFNT 1.I.,129717 PERLDfl CMITINOL=13 INSTEAD OF 12.SIUDEVI I.U. 129724 PERIOD coNT:ioL.lo INSTEAD OF 12.STUEFNI I.D. 12972E PERIOD CONTROL=10 INSTEAD OF 12.

12979P. STFVFN mmtlEELEh 47f )MAY HAVE GRADE CONFLICT

17,)3 1.)TFVEN MYHEELEE ( 479 COURSE IS NOT OFFEREVSIITENT I.E. 12979R PERIOD COiTROL=14 INSTEAD OF 12.

(00 \_

7ro800-on'coo11001200

153570 KELLY AhICHARDSOV 475 MAY HAVE GRAPE CONFLICTI:w0

1f f(s07 STEVEN TmALVEHN 750 POTENTIAL SEX CONFLICTS1UDFNT I.L. 1((807 PERIOD CON1h0L=13 INSIEAL OF 12.

14001500Irnr1 700

2771 1,f*.1 Y KJACK1ON 749 POTENTIAL SEX CONFLICT1600

1,EAIXH COMPLFTF

(0=LI:-1 OF OPTII)NS)

WIC'? oPTION (A,(',E,F,I,K,T,M,N,O,P,O,S,I,U,61,4) 1812

Figure 3.3.4-A

44

3.3.5-1

3.1.5 Option I: Count All Inactive Students

Option I inspgcts every student record in file STUO43 stopping

only at those records whose Student Activity Flag (character

positions 7, 8, 9) contents are NOT zero. Prior to this inspection

the operator is given the choice (NAMES, TOTAL) as to ,whether she or

he wishes the name of every inactive student printed on the terminal

(plus the total nu:lber), or whether just the total number of all

inactive students is to be printed on the terminal. Upon completion

OPTION I permits the operator to select another option.

4

45

3.3.6-1

3.3.6 Option K: Change Student Data

OPTION K first checks for the presence of the OPTION A flag

(8ection 3.3.1) and prints the standard warning if it is NOT

present.

OPTION K permits the operator to select any student record in

file STU043 and then to change any information contained within

that record. Initially the operator is asked whether the wish is

to identify all students by their Student I. D. number or by their

name (NUMBER or NAME). Thereafter, as each name (or number) is

typed in, that student's record is retrieved.

Changes are made to the data and the record is stored back into

file STU043. Simultaneously, an 80-character (punched card image)

record is created and stored in the Transaction File TRXO43.

As each student record is retrieved the operator is given 3 choices

of action:

D=Demographic data

C=Course Request data

N=No changes.

If choice "C" is selected the operator is given an opportunity to

examine the current list of course. requests. Then it is permissible

to type in any additions or deletions by simply typing a series of num-

bers separated by the syntactic character "slash mark" (4. If any of

these typed-in numbers are negative, then that course number is deleted.

It is NOT necessary to precede the other numbers with a "+" sign. How-

ever, every "added" course must be followed by

A. A slash mark "/"

B. A one-digit semester number (4 or 7)

C. Another slash mark "/".

An error slogan will be typed .opt for each:It A

1. Added course which is not. followed by a semester identifier

At (

2. Added course which is followed by an invalid semester character

3. Added course which is not contained in the list of authorized

courses (file COU043) /

4. "Deleted" course which had not been present in the student record.

Under all of these situations the erroneous course changes will he

ignored but the remainder of the course changes will be executed.

There is another class of course changes which WILL be executed, but a

warning will be typed concerning them. These are changes in which the:

1. Student's sex conflicts with the course sex

2. Student's grade conflicts with the course grade.

The new revised list of course requests (along with the period control

and semester number for each course) will then be printed out automatically

3.3.6.-2

(followed by a warning message if the period control total does.tot exactly

equal 12).

The "Potential Sex Conflict," "Potential Grade Conflict" and "Period

Control Not Equal 12" are warning messages only. They do NOT prevert the

student from requesting the course.

If the operator had not wished to make any course request changes (but

just wanted to see what courses the student had already requested) she or he

would simply have typed a zero (followed by a slash mark) instead of the

list of course numbers. Fig. 3.3.6-A illustrates Option K in which the

operator selects:

A. Student Numbers instead of Names

B. course data instead of Cemographic data.

The operator attempted to add course 750 (PE GIRL) when the student was a boy. It

accepted the course request but printed the "Potential Sex Conflict" warning.

An attempt to add course 302 was made when the student had already selected course

302. In this case, it refused to accept that course and printed the warning

that the "duplicate" course was "erased." With the addition of the new course

the period control total was now raised from 12 to 13. Since this is above

the limit of 12 a warning was printed to that effect.

4 Pnil14. if

K. CHAVOF STUDF 91 hEOUFSTS .

1.0 you WIN\11 10 Fq1E/1 THE S1ULFNIS HY VAMF01, If !,TUDI,\1T VUMF11,11 (W0E/\1U1HER)?40rerril A

NliX :-.111L1.\11 \111NIPE11 (FXI 1=0)?1I 05(17

1( (f407 (./1.1 1 ALVErV I X=1392,('IA\JO'r I F.,10C,t HI C DA1A, C=CHAN/Gt COUnSF hEC.JJEST L A, N.1=\10 (HAVGI:

J)?('

10 Ymi 'J't 10 IN1S1'01 THF CIIHREN11 DATA (YES, VO):

,H.YF:1F1'=. 4 4 4 7 h 0 7 4 4 0= 10( "=)2 pn( 353 /i(k 0 1ff 594 749 0

IF LONT= e7 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 01OTAL il1 ;101 (ovioL. P:

"lYr r rniii...SF CH(1`101. S FM S

j, F I ( SLAS-f ) SF:v11:S11.:- N1UNIT_IF ti ( SLASH.)

FN1 .0AVY Corl1,,bFL AS 6'I FI1 ON/E LI VE\11)1 - IF P Cr1'.1,,!-F I TO F}' IF LF1 ED LN/1:.4. h I A 1IINE1S SIGV

( 001.!-,F. \111IREE.1..+LF 11 i S `JOT USE S.F0E S1 NIU\IPF

IA Ayr L. - 1P/ 3/4/-4(2/11(3/ 7//1791/4/-3P-S/1724/2/ ( (,AVGES=0)?750/L/:Ar, /1/

GOUL:,r 1 I 1 I. F t OhALF SEX SE ',I P. C

10( For LANE- AhT 7 7 4

0, 1,-11(1) 7 7 4 2 LUPLICATE COUPSF Fiu4SEL.

( IFXAS .4P:InhY 01.0 7 4 2

3'- ' 1.I FF 150IF 10E 7 7 7 1

[ (-', : '1 'I OF C (-t; (, 4

V"( 11 GI 7 7 C 4 1 PO1FNIIAL LFX CCIFLICT

ir( (CEFCH 7 7 7 1

c:)4 L1'31Y '101.L ) 0 h 1

749 1I 1 7 7 P 4 1

STUI F.11 I.1 I ff `SCI7 PFHI0P COVIPOL=13 IN: 1 EAI OF 12.

1' 11' 11 \111\111E1. 1=0)?()

co,t.T:1 oF

Figure 3.3.6-A( 01,1101 (-,C FF,I,t(1,,M0 011 (.. 1f512

7

418

3.3.6-3

When OLCREQ asked for the "next student number (EXIT =O)" the operator did

not wish to make changes to any other student records so a zero was typed.

This caused an "exit" and OLCREQ then asked for the next Option.

Figure 3.3.6-B illustrates what happens when (in contrast to Fig. 3.3.6-A)

the operator requested student identification by NAME ( instead of number).

Course 476 was entered which is a 9th grade course while the student is a

7th grade student. This caused the warning to be printed. Course 479 was

also typed in. However, since course 479 was not listed as an authorized

course in file COU043) k: warning was printed. In both cases however,

t rse requests were entered on the record. Course 479 did not add

anything to the period control total but course 476 did add 2 points thus

causing the "Period Control = 14 instead of 12" warning to be printed.

Had the operator selected activity "D" (Demographic changes) a chance

would have been given to view (or not to view) the current contents of the

demographic data. Then one would be instructed to enter the new demograp

data separating each data field with a syntactic character "slash mark" (/)

as shown in Figure 3.1-B.

The operator can selectively change or not change the content of any field

simply by typing or not typing data characters between the appropriate slash

marks. Any illegal data will cause the printout of a warning identifying the

illegal data field. Simultaneously, any illegal data will be ignored and not

cause any change to the current data existing in that particular data field.

The content of any data field which is actually changed during; the process

will be captured and also recorded in the 80-column card-image Transaction

File TRX043 (for future punching and transmittal to Region 10 as updating

cards).

01110\1 K. CHANGE STUDENT REQUESTS

1) YOU VANT TO ENV. } THE STUDENT S BY NAME,OP 1'Y STUDENT I.L. NUMBER ( NAME/NUMBEli )?NAME

NEXT LTULENT NIAME (EXI 1=***)

Itv.A1-1.1.1,T NNIF/mIDELE INITIAL/LAST 'DAME./?f1F-1,,FA/VP7HEELEh/

1%'J 7 TFVFN M 9FIEF LEH IX= 572IANIGE LFm0(74,APHI C DAT A, C= CHANGE COURSE 14,011E51 LAT A, V=N10 CHANGE

vHICH (D,(s0i,. V)

?C1,0 YOU './A \11 10 INSPECT THE CilhhENT DATA (YES, NO)

?JP.

PYFS11/-= /: 4 4 7 h 0 7 h 4 0

C0111:4 = 10f :0)2 PO6 353 4(5 0 11 F 594 749 011.:\ C011= 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 0

101AL iFhIOI CONTIIOL= 12

Y1 F. IV CliitISF CHANGES AS°Mt-5:7_ 4UiFh (SLASH) SFMESTFn V_IMPFH (SLASH)

tV "iF4 0S viA qY COURSES AS WILL FT 1 OV OVE LIVE.,w, I F A COIF } -LE I S TO BE DELETED INSEhl A MINUS SIGN14F 1-n10. 1 HF COUt':1. NU1PF-11.1,'.1EL COUhSE! 10 NOT USE SEMESTF h 411MBEhS

12/13/14-462/4(3/7/4791/4/-32F/1724/2/ (NO-CHANGES=0)?/ 7r/7//47)/7/

1ITLF GhALE SEX SFM C

106 I' N/G V.= At-.I 7 7 2

tr, 1;11""ri1 (1 7 7 it 2

( 1: -1 IF TO f (IF 0 7 44 2

",;;, 11FVCF 7 7 7 1

( I; ( 0 it 2

/7( I( 111', 1AY HAVE nt:Po. F. COVFLI CT

irt t 7 7 7 1

:irAl.l. r, I: 1

7L, r 1 f 7 7 fi /' 1

47, LOWAIE IS \101 OF FE tsF LSTUN.. \11 I t . 'VW-4 I-E1:1 01 co ...,)L= 1 /4 1 v: F Ali OF 12.

VEX 1 11,1 't s)(41. (EXI1=et Figure 3.3.6-8

KV 'IA1- 1' 1 : 1 ',lily 1 /MICTI.,1! I N I T I AL /LAST vt\vIF

7** r

3.3.6 4

Finally, the current contents of the demographic data will be typed

out, thus allowing the operator to visually inspect the final product

of the data corrections.

OLCREQ does NOT permit one to tamper with either the Student I.D.

Number or the student name. If such change is imperative, it will

be necessary to use Option N and add the student as a new student

using the newly corrected Student I.D. number and/or the new spelling

of his name. One would then use Option W to withdraw (inactivate)

the original student record. Upon the completion of changing one

student record, OPTION K will immediately request that the next

student be identified, etc. If the operator wishes to exit from

OPTION K it is necessary to:

A. Type a zero for the student number (if using NUMBER)

B. Or type 14**" (3 asterisks if using NAME).

As a result of the exit OPTION K will then permit the operator to

select another option.

4.-

3.3.7-1

3.3.7 Option L: List Students in Same Courses

OPTION L asks the operator whether a simple total count or a list of

each student name plus a total count is wanted. The operator is then

asked to type in a list of course numbers. (See Fig. 3.3.7-A)

OLCREQ selects the first course number from this typed-in list of

courses. It then examines every student record in file STU043,

stopping at each one which contains that course number as a requested

course.

If NAMES had been requested, it will print out the:

1. Student I. D. number

2. Sex

3. Grade

4. Student name

5. ****** (if the student is inactive)

If TOTAL had been requested it would inhibit such printing.

Upon reaching the end of the file it will print out the total number of

Nactive students who requested that course.

OLCREQ will then select the next course number on the typed-in list

and repeat the search through the entire file STU043, etc., until the

list is exhausted. At that time it will pe-Hit the operator to select

another option.

(0=LILI OF OPTIONS)

nplioN 1812?L

OPTION L. COUNT ALL STUDENTS IV HIGH COURSE.

DO YOU WANT STUDENT NAMFS PhINTED Oh JUST THE TOTAL IUMBER (NAMPL,TOTAL)?NAMESTYPE IN THE LIST OF COUI'SES (SEPARATED RY COMMAS) (EXIT=0)(FILL OUT THE LINE WITH COMMAS) .

?7641503,478,465

I.L. SEX GLADE NAME (******=INACTIVE STUDENT)

102858 G A LFLANI J QUALLS111634 G 8 TINA M VEhVEH111148 G 8 JANE A PhLOR111857 G 8 KIMBEI,LY A KEITH111904 G 8 APhIENNF-L ALLEN

7CL1 CHEERLEADER PE TOTAL ACTIVE STUDENT hl.QUESTS= 5

I.L. SFX GRADE NAME (******=INACTIVE STUDENT)

69575 G 8 ,IACCUFLIND DAVISIII5R7, n 8 SAVE RA L ROBINSON111592 r 8 CALLI S BRANNON111(12 n i4 THERESA E GALVAN111(47 C 8 CYNTHIA A BRITTON ,

111716 0 DIANE M HOPKINS111900 r Fi HEITINA L YELMAN

5n3 LATIN 1 TOTAL ACTIVF STUDENT iFLUFSTS= 7

I.V. !-FX 0hALE *4 A "ol F (******=INA(,TIVR LIVIA-4T)

111587 (1 R SAvDRA L ROBINSON111612 0 8 THFhFSA E GALVANI1 Iff2 ( 8 LELIF K THOMPSON111705 G 8 AMY L ATIEFEhhY111712 0 s3 LILLIE L POPE11183( G H LYNN S STREET111908 G H CYNTHIA A SMITH

Figure 3.3.7A

i3

3.3.8-1

3.3.8 Option M: Selective Mass Requests

OPTION M first checks for the presence of the OPTION A flag

(Section 3.3.1) and prints the standard warning if it is NOT present.

OPTION M requests the operator to type in a list of courses which are

to be added or deleted using the same minus sign notation for deletion

and the same slash (/) separator characters, etc., as described in

OPTION K (Section 3.3.6).

It then verifies that each is a valid course number in file COU043 and

prints out errors if detected. It then prints the name and course

number of the (valid) courses that had been typed in, and asks the

operator if that list is correct before continuing.

It then asks whether the operator wishes to identify the sel,cted

students by name or by Student I.D. number (NAME or NUMBER). Then,

as each student's name (or I.D. number) is typed in, OLCREQ retrieves

the student record from file STU043 and inserts and/or deletes the

above specified courses in that student record. It then types out

the current list of courses for that student for verification purposes

and requests that the next student name (or Student I. D. number) be

typed in.

To exit from OPTION M the operator must:

A. type a zero for the next Student I.D. number (if using NUMBER)

B. or type "***" (3 asterisks if using NAME).

As a result of the exit, OPTION K will then permit the operator to select

another option.

3.3.9-1

.3.3.9 Oution N: Add New Student Record

OPTION N first checks for the presence of the OPTION A flag (qection

3.3.1) and prints the standard warning if it is NOT prI'sent.

OPTION N then asks the operator to type in the new student's I. D.

number and his first name, middle initial, and last name. It inserts

the student number into the I. D. portion of the index file

ID)(043 'Ind inserts the first 6 characters of the student's last name

into the : portion of index file IDX043.

1

OPTION N then requests the operator to enter the student demographic

data in the same manner that OPTION K requested demographic data.

OPTION N then stores the new student record and continues the process

by asking for the I. D. number and name of the next new student, etc.

Figure 3.1-B illustrates the essential features of OPTION N as seen

by a NOVICE operator.

All student records generated by OPTION N are automatically flagged

as vrtalning to an ACTIVE student (characters 7, 8, 9 of the student

record are set to zeroes).

Exit from OPTION N is accomplished by typing a zero for the student

1. D. number.

As a result of the exit oprioN N then permits the operator to select

an her option.

3.3.10-1

3.3.10 Option C: Type List of Options

OPTION 0 will type out a list of the 17 available options. OPTION 0

is automatically executed once at sign-on for NOVICE and AVERAGE

experience level operaeors. Thereafter it is only executed when

selected by the operator (see Figure 3.1-A).

se_

3.3.11-1

3.3.11 Option P: Print Results at Computer Center

OPTION P causes the grildent file STUO43 to be printed at the

computer center on its high speed page printer. For this nurpose

the essential information in each student record is condensed

into 132 charetcters and appears as one line of the printed output.

The operator is requested to wait while the information is transmitted

to the printer. Upon completion, the following message appears on the

operator's terminal:

"SCHEDULES SENT TO PRINTER.

PLEASE TELEPHONE THE SKYLINE COMPUTER OPERATOR.

TELL, HIM YOUR USER NUMBER AND ASK HIM TO SEND THE LiSITNG TO YOU

AT YOUR SCHUOL."

OPTION P rhea permits the operator to select another option.

3.3.12-1

3.3.12 Option Q: Quick Course Input Only

OPTION Q first checks for the presence of the OPTION A flag (see

Section 3.2.1) and prints the standard warning if it is NOT present.

OPTION Q is designed as a streamlined version to input student course

requests. It first asks whether thL operator wishes to identify

students by their student I. D. number or by their name (NUMBER or

NAME).

It then asks the operator to identify the first student and retrieves

that student's record from file STUO43. The operator then is requested

to type in the series of numbers which identify the course requests

which are separated by slash marks as described under OPTION K.

The course requests or course request changes are tested for validity

and executed if they represent valid courses in the Course Offering

file COUO43.

A streamlined type-out of the current course requests for that student

is then printed on the terminal. The next student's name or I. D.

number is then requested and the process continues.

While this is a speeded-up method for inputting a large volume of

.student requests, there is still some time delay when the system asks

the operator to type in a student or a list of courses and then pauses

while this is done.

A super-speeded up version is available and the operator is given an

oppertunity to select it when OPTION Q asks the operator:

"DO YOU WANT TO USE THE PRE-RECORDED DATA FILE NAMED INQ03 INSTEAD

OF HAVING ME ASK YOU FOR EACH NEW STUDENT. (YES, NO)'

r- C) )

cIL

3.3.12-2

If the operator answers "YES" then OPTION Q ceases to look to the

operator's terminal for answers. Instead, it reads one record

from file INQ043 earn time it requires an answer. Phis means that

the operator (or someone else) has had to create the contents of

file INQ043 prior to this operation of OPTION Q.

Since "IPTION Q only asks.two questions per student it is very easy

to anticipate these tw,) questions._

The first question is to identify the student by name or number.

Hence the first record in INQ043 is a student I. D. number or his

name.

The second question is always a request for a list of courses or

cour-,e changes separated by slasa marks.

Hence the second record in INQ043 is a list of course numbers separated

by slashes.

Record fr 3 in INQ043 is the next student's I.U. number or his name

Record # 4 in INQ043 is his list of courses

Record lk 5 is the next student's I. D. number ;1r ill-, /lime

Record i 6 is his list of course;.

File PW43 is just a card-image tile created wider the standard time-

sharing Text Editing feature of the computer

File INQ01,1 can be built by the remote terminal operitqr &.v:, or even

minnt!-. iwfore initiating 01.(.k}.0 and -olb,-oquent1%,

During the INQW operotion of ortIoN (;, All que!,t1on,,

or "COURSE CHANGL;"i generatvd by OPTIoN Q Are t: Ted

3.3.12-3

(even though the operator cannot answer the question because OPTION Q

reads its answer from the next record in file INQ043).

In addition, every answer which OPTION Q receives from file INQ043

is also. typed on the operator's terminal. Thus the operator is kept

fully aware of the progress of the program even though control has been

relinquished to file INQ043.

The result of this type of operation is that OPTION Q operates so

rapidly that the terminal is typing continuously with no interruptions

and no pauses (much faster than the operator could possibly type replies

to questions).

Since the exit from OPTION Q is either:

A. a zero for student I. D. number (if NUMBER is used)

B. or "***" (3 asterisks if NAME is used)

it therefore becomes necessary for the operator to have planned ahead

and typed either zero or "***," as applicable, in the last record of

INQ043.

Upon executing the exit, OPTION Q ceases to look to file INQ043 for

answers and instead looks to the operator's terminal for all replies.

It then permits the operator to select another option.

60

3.3.13-1

3.3.13 Option S: Stop This Program

OPTION S causes program OLCREQ to:

A. Close all files

B. Store today's date in record zero of file STUO43 for reference

purposes

C. Stop all further execution of OLCREQ. ,,

, a

3.3.14-1

3.3.14 Option T: Tally Requests in All Courses

OPTION T will create a counter for each possible 3-digit course

identity number. It will then inspect every record in file STU043.

If the student activity flag indicates an active student (characters

7, 8, 9 equal zero) it then examines that student's list of course

requests. Each course request is used to augment its corresponding

"counter" by one.

After all records in STU043 have been examined OPTION T will print

out a list of'all courses and (from the counters) the number of

students who have requested each course (see Fig. 3.3.14-A).

OPTION T will then permit the operator to select another option.

"Poke

?T01,1 I ()V

ollIoN1

T. 1,)!,1,y !,}.( fq.l,1.`. I1 ALL COL,

COb 1 I 1 i, F 1.. ( LEY Cit- A1.1. LI v. hh i 01.1::11

- - - ----- --------IW., ?"!G !;\ VC, Al 1 7' 2 7 4 1P'i10( h NIG LANIC (1:- I 7 P 7 4 32710'1 EV(' LANIG Al-11 9,1_, H 1. 9C111 F NM LA VC; A}1 '4 2 c, 1; 33(113 FNlo1.1.`-H IA P H 4 51I I ( F Int_. I SH 11. ',' 7/ t 7k11() F \ICT.I SH 11A, r;-- ) '4 2713 CO t-: hi. ALI VG 2 0 1,

15( Li". J(' i`kl.S 7C5 , 7 4 144157 L.A\IF ArlS 9 CL 2 H, 4 13415-< 1. \ICI I ,; 1 CS P ) 4 (1I( ( Si h F.( 1 7 1 7 7 5(91R1 Ai,1 7 1 7 7 5,.1.11

IH",' 1 1 I 1 .c. ) 1' (7PC( "Ir.i' ',I1,101'r of o 2 7 4 L» ',

II t^,y iI,1 CI II, c H, 4 (11214 '01,I CI; 0 LI 'I ) 4 ',_;7

P17 '1,1 -1121 2"1. , .1 2 ,.) 4 1 IS2(11 (:F \I LHni- H p u 4 ed i /4

, ( 11 1 t.,A1 I Yr: (1." ') 2, l',.

, i(' 1.1_,FC 1 t IC CF \i ',-' 9 4 1

, '7 /I fv1E. TAI.m0PKI No 1 2 ,) Li 1

27-4 FOT.'hv. ^,11. CH 1 2 4 1

pun ion', nf.:,.! 1 htm_, P 9 4 1tA

',, ) '._ i h1 H -0 4 1

300 MATHEMAT I CL. 7A P 7 4 0

3o1 NIA1 4F vAl I( 2 7P 2 7 4 1P430`? '1A1-{FMAT( L., 7 2 7 1. 3 .11 7

0 "-,in(

I 11,1.1 P. 541,1 V 7lAIHFMAT I CS HP

22

7 44

140KP

,(17 //`1 -0.--vo)11 CS 9 2 H 4 341i0. 1/,I ih,",-IICL, HC L..c 4 114c)

311 1.0\11 OF mATH 1 2 ) 4 7`r

''.( II II ') AL,chviFo 3 4 75,'( (%ICh ,,, i\ 1"P ; 6 p H h 4.i

-4 2 7 rt,c.1,!(,, 1,, ) A )5

3:4',- rhOvF 1 i.11 1A 2 9 4 25--i LI h I. 1,011.,.\1( F 7 1 7 7 (01tir)f I. At.lti SCI ti I < 7 5(3r' r ; ( :. 1 2 ) A ,:00

;),(t) i r(YL, I (.'/I, 1(', 2 1 423( r I HY.(21 ( AL :-, ( I 1 2 9 ii 5)4 7r,liqJ

! 1,-)1,,}cf r,

u00,1`01I'll I \IC ,

'c:

,

4

.<

A

A

72

4( -<, tin /1 ,," I VC, 1,) 4 117

4`-'1 (1\) 11' 1 Vi-_,.!:, ) t `-) I

45" ,e'",I( 7 1 7 7 5214L:4 mW I ( H 1

.< 7 135Ar.,,A (i.n"ti, I I.Y ) 1 53

(' ttIJI!, er 1 1 ) I, 1::'

' (` i' " J1 r 1-( (-ri 4 13I-3

Figure 3.3.14-A

3.3.15-1

3.3.15 Option U: List Unreguested Students

OPTION U will inspect every record in file STU043.

If the student activity flag indicates an active student (characters

7, 8, 9 equal zero) it will theA examine that student's list of course

requests. If that student had not requested any courses, then the name

will be added to the list of Unrequested Students which prints out on the

terminal.

If the operator wishes, a list can be requested of all Unrequested

Students regardless of their grade or can be requested for only one

grade.

After OPTION U has typed the list, it permits the operator to select

another option.

r 7

3.3.16-1

3.3.16 Option W: Withdraw/Reinstate Students

OPTION W is used to change the status of the student activity flag

(characters 7, 8, 9 of each record in file STU043).

OPTION W asks whether the operator wants to withdraw or reinstate

students (W or R). It then asks whether the students will be

identified by:

A. Student I. D. -Lumber (NUMBER)

B. Or by student name (NAME).

It then requests the name (or I. D. number as applicable) of the next

student. After the operator types in the name or number as applicable)

OPTION W will find the record in tile STU043 for that student and

change its student activity flag,

It will then request the identity of the next student, etc.

1p exit from OPTION W the operator must:

A. type a zero for student I. D. number (if using NUMBER)

B. or type **I. (3 asterisk:, if using NAME).

As a result of the exit, OPTION W will permit the operator to select

another option.

3.3.17-1

3.3.17 ation Z: Counselor Hi-Speed Input

OPTION Z first checks for the presence of the OPTION A flag (see

Section 3.3.1) and prints the standard warning if it is NOT present.

OPTION Z is designed for the occasions when students come to see their

counselor who is assumed to have a remote terminal in his office.

OPTION Z asks whether the operator (counselor) wishes "tear-off"

sheets or not. it then asks whether the students will be ide

by student I.D. number or by name (NUMBER or NAME).

. It then requests the first student's name. After finding 'he stud t's

record in file STU043, it then prints his current demographi

course request information. The counselor then discusses this informa-

tion with the student and, if the data is incorrect the counselor

corrects the data immediately using the terminal. After the correc-

tions have been made OPTION Z then prints out a neat, tear-off copy

of the most up-to-date demographic and course request information.

The counselor tears this sheet from the teletype and gives it to the

student who then concludes the interview with an unambiguous typed

document of his course selections for the next term, along with a

list of his current demographic data.

To exit from OPTION i the operator must:

A. type a zero for student I. D. number (if using NUMBER)

B. or type *** (3 asterisks tf using NAMES).

As a result of the exit OPTION Z then permits the operator to select

another option.

GC

OPTION Z. COUNCFLOY. 4I-St,FhL INPUT

Er (0i' . E1.1-OF f Fb, \)0)

FL

In 1,0( 10 IN111.1 L1U1.).A:1::, 14Y VA*.1): ref ..`7.1(11+ VT I.L. L,innFh (V)1')q /:UXii.Fr)

rJUNIRF1,

N11A1 S101Yfl?511(02

(1.:11=0)

511() JOW\J 8 ChON:HE17GUAh1lr.V=WAL11. t G. Ci,OVSHFY1804 /LW,LO!), /LA/EULEbbPHOr*S 2t74(l6( /2k31.1511/231 / /

IX=181(11ACF =( 111.N.E.= 8 AL 'u= 85

/75322/

L)i 1F ! 1F1.= 4 O 4 4 7 7 L r 0 0

COUH:57 ) 0 211 31 / 35( 453 2114 (1 0 0

0.1. cowl= 0 r .c; 1 1 2 0 0 0

iFz10L CON111')L.= 10

.72F 11 coh;:. (7.4AT1Fs AL,

( A SR ) PLIFh VLIvHF h ( SLASH )

vc4i, tlUI-SF!-- AS LiILL f.11 ONI 0\11. LIVE\%111-- IL T!., 10 PP LFLF1FL I\L5F):1 A MI\R).5 LIGN1

C01;1,:.)

10Prf.-:, 10 1101 11SF SEMES1F:, V1;MPE1-1:'

'\NAPLI, -

?1

1 /3/4/-1',(3/7/47)1/4/-328/172L1/2/ (N10 biAWFS=(').

YrY HALF 01.1.1f4E 00gYLIC1

')1PY HA t.,I; (1hALF COVI.L i

/110 In F 01.1. 1,11.g 1F11;1.LE. CAkPIAM. IIFIUhN.(***=SvIl 1t IV1niJI)

(;11A11.

j ) r:, i

1 I 1

1 t'1 i 1 f

vil

I 8

/, p

'd ,,,\I h ('0 11L 1 I

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Figure 3.3.17-A