DISASTER MANAGEMENT(NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20)A MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE

BYNATIONAL SECURITY DIVISIONPRIME MINISTER DEPARTMENT

MAJOR MOHD SAKRI BIN HJ HUSSIN

POLICY AND MECHANISM IN THE MANAGEMENTOF NATIONAL DISASTER AND RELIEF IN MALAYSIA(NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20)

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

● 1. Background.● 2. Aims and Objective of NSC Directive No. 20.● 3. Policy of Disaster Management.● 4. Definition and Types of Disasters.● 5. Mechanism of Disaster Management.● 6. Commands and Control in Disaster Management.● 7. The Role of National Security Division and Agencies

in Disaster Management.● 8. Implication of NSC Directive No. 20.● 9. Conclusion.

BACKGROUND

FIRE EXPLOSION AT BRIGHT SPARKLES IN SUNGAI BULUH(22-KILLED/103-INJURED)

COLLAPSE OF THE SULTAN ABDUL HALIM JETTY BUTTERWORTH (32 - KILLED/1674 –INJURED)

FIRE EXPLOSION OF CHOON HUNG III VESSEL AT PORT KELANG (10-KILLED)

MUDSLIDE AT THE ABORIGINES’ AT VILLAGE IN POS DIPANG, KAMPAR, PERAK (44 – KILLED)

LANDSLIDE AT KM 34 NEAR THE EXIT ROAD TO GENTING HIGHLANDS (20-KILLED)

COLLAPSE OF HIGHLAND TOWERS CONDOMINIUM IN HULU KELANG(48- KILLED)

TROPICAL STORM “GREG” IN KENINGAU, SABAH (4,925 HOMES DESTROYED PROPERTIES WORTH 130 MILLION DESTROYED)(230-KILLED)

DISASTERS IN

MALAYSIA

The need to formulate a policy and mechanism of Disaster Management in an integrated, coordinated and systematic manner to manage and handle disasters on land.

The need to have a specialised and highly skilled search and rescue team.

The need to have a sound system of coordination among agencies in search and rescue operations as well as relief and rehabilitation.

LESSON LEARNED

The need to have an integrated disaster management system to deal with any kind of disaster

Following the tragedy of the collape of Highland Towers Condominium, the Malaysian Cabinet made a decision to form a mechanism under the National Security Division, Prime Minister Dept for the management of on scene incident in major disaster on land.

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCILDIRECTIVE NO. 20

(The Policy and Mechanism on National Disaster and Relief Management)

AIM OF NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20

NSC DIRECTIVES NO. 20

EXECUTIVE ORDERS BY PRIME MINISTERS

The reduce casualties and minimise damage to properties.

To prevent disasters from spreading.

To coordinate relief and rehabilitation to victims.

To coordinate relief and rehabilitation to victims.

To outline a Policy on Disaster Management and Relief on LAND according to the level of disaster.

To establish a Management Mechanism with the purpose of determining the roles and responsibilities of the various agencies involved in handling disaster.

To preserve the environment.To immediately bring back the situation to normalcy.

POLICY OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

● To have an integrated system of disaster management with emphasis on the concerted and coordinated actions.

● Integrated disaster management system means “a combined and coordinated response of the various agencies in the management of disaster”.

● Coordinated and concerted actions means “the harmonious integration of all agencies involved with the objective to handle the disaster efficiently and bringing the situation back to normalcy”.

For the purpose of NSC Directive No. 20, disaster is defined as “an incident that occurs unexpectedly, complex in nature, resulting in the loss of lives and damage to properties and the environment as well as interfering in the daily activities of the local community. The incident requires the management which involves resources, equipment, frequency and extensive manpower from various agencies as well as effective coordination and the possibility of taking complex actions over a long period of time”

DEFINITION OF DISASTER

Collapse of high-rise buildings.

The emission ofpoisonous gas in public places..

Accidents involvingthe transportation,channeling and transferringof hazardous materials.

The burst of hydro dam or reservoir.

Trains collisions or derailments.

Air accidents that occur in populated areas.

Haze, which causesenvironmental disaster

Industrial disasters : fire, explosion and emission of hazardous materials, channeling and transferring of hazardous materials.

Nuclear and radiological mishaps.

Fire outbreak in large areas - forest fires/ open burnings

Natural disasters : floods, storm, draughts, beach erosion, landslides or disaster resulting from storm and heavy rain.

TYPES OF DISASTERS

MECHANISM OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

a) In order to handle the disaster more effectively, A Disaster Management and Relief Committee (DMRC) is establish at the Federal, State and District Level.

b) The membership of DMRC is thus extended to include many agencies in order to effectively handle all types of disasters on land - (inter agency and inter sectoral approach in Disaster Management).

Member of DMRC At Federal Level Chairman : The Honourable Deputy Prime Minister

Deputy : Minister of Information.Members : Minister of Finance.Minister of National Unity and Community Development. Chief Secretary to the Government.

Chief of the Armed Forces.

Inspector General of Police.

Director General of Health.

Director General National Security Division.Director General Fire and Rescue Department.

Director General of Atomic Energy Licencing Board.Director General of Broadcasting.

Director General of Information.

Director General of Road Transport Department.

Director General of Civil Defence Department.Director General of Public Works Department.Director General of

Department of Environment.

Director General of Social Welfare.

Director General of Department of Occupational Safety and Health.

Director General of Meteorological Department.Director General of Department of Civil Aviation.Director General of Geological Survey Department.

Director General of Drainage and Irrigation Department.

Representative of Attorney General.

Director of Budget, Ministry of Finance.

Director of RELA.

Also Present : Other related officers.

Secretariat : Director of Crisis and Disaster Management UnitNational Security DivisionPrime Minister’s Department.

Member of DMRC At State Level Chairman : State Secretary.

Members : State Chief Police Officer.Brigade Commander of Armed Forces. State Director of Fire and Rescue Department. State Director of Health.

Other Directors of Various Agencies at State Level.

Secretariat : Director of State NSD.

Member of DMRC At District Level

Chairman : District Officer.Members : Officer in Charge of Police District (OCPD).District Fire and Rescue Department Officer.Representatives from Various Government Departments and Agencies at District Level.

Secretariat : Assistant Director of District NSD.

● At Federal Level : To formulate policies and strategies of national disaster management.

● At State and District Level : To ensure that procedures and plans of actions in disaster management are implemented.

● To coordinate the activities of disaster mitigation.

● To coordinate and mobilise logistic requirements from Government and private sectors for disaster operation.

● To formulate and implement disaster awareness and education.

● To coordinate disaster drill and exercise.

FUNCTIONS OF DMRC

DISASTRIOUS INCIDENTS

● Natural Disasters● Industrial Disasters● Collapse of Buildings and Structures● Trains collisions or derailment● Emission of poisonous gas● Outbreak of major fires● Air accidents in populated area

NSC Directive No. 20(Policy and Mechanism of National Disaster

Management)

District Disaster Management and Relief

Committee

State Disaster Management and Relief

Committee

Federal Disaster Management and Relief

Committee

Integration and involvement of relevant

HANDLING OF DISASTERS

● Fire and Rescue Department● Royal Malaysia Police● Malaysia Armed Forces● Civil Defence Department● SMART● Hospital● Social Welfare Department● Malaysia Red Crescent● St. John Ambulance● RELA● Public Works Department● Geological Department● Information Department● Local Authorities● TNB● STMB● Voluntary Organisations/NGOs

Search and Rescue

Emergency Medicine Emergency Relief and Welfare

Communication

Technical / Experts advice

Logistic and Workforce

Media Handling

Evacuation of Victims

Security and traffic control

Electricity and basic necessities

SEARCH AND RESCUE

SUPPORT

WELFARE

MEDIAEMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE

● SMART● Police● ATM● Fire and Rescue

Department● Civil Defence

Department● ETC

● Hospital● Malaysia Red

Crescent● St. John Ambulance● ETC

● Information Department

● Broadcasting Department

● Local Authorities● Public Works

Department● Telephone Board● Electricity Board● The Army● The Police● ETC

● Social Welfare Department● Voluntary Organisation● ETC

SECURITY CONTROL

● The Police● RELA● ETC

AGENCIES ROLES AT DISASTER SITE

COMMAND AN CONTROL

ON-SCENE CONTROL POST (OSCP)

● Established and headed by the OCPD.

● Coordinate and implement all activities related to disaster operation such as search and rescue and relief works at the scene.

ON-SCENE COMMANDER

● OCPD - District Level.

● Chief Police Officer - State Level.

● Director of Internal Security and Public Order of Royal Malaysia Police – Federal Level.

DISASTER OPERATION CONTROL CENTRE (DOCC)

●Disaster Management and Relief Committee hold the meeting at the DOCC.

●Headed by the District Officer at District Level, State Secretary at State Level and National DMRC Chairman at Federal Level.

●Monitor the development of disaster.

●Coordinate efforts in search and rescue, emergency and relief in order to ensure that these efforts are effectively and smoothly implemented.

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL SECURITY DIVISION

● Secretariat to the DOCC.

● To ensure and procure equipment required for the DOCC to operate.

● To ensure that the policy and mechanism in disaster management are observed.

● To activate the DOCC:

○ In time of impending disaster (NSC Ops Order 1/98 on open burning and forest fires).

○ In time of disaster.

○ To carry out the disaster post mortem.

IMPLICATION OF NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20

Enforcement

● With effect from 11 May 1997.

● All other Disaster Management Committees, which monitor disasters on land such as Industrial Disaster Committee, are dissolved.

Administration● All agencies concerned to prepare their SOPs.

● SOP should include measures taken in disaster prevention. e.g. SOP for DOSH should include:

● measures taken on factories / hazardous plants in “Safety and Health Audit” (SHE AUDIT).

● review and update “Emergency Response Plans (ERP)” of industries / factories in order to prevent and handle industrial accident / disaster.

CONCLUSION

● NSC Directive No. 20 is a proactive and reactive generic plan in disaster management.

● Integrated disaster management in prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.

● Prevention● Prevention measures in mitigation aspects to

minimise impact of disasters on life, properties and environment.

● Preventive by enforcement of laws such as:

- Land Conservation Act. - Environmental Quality Act 1974. - Local Government Act 1976. - Road, Drainage and Building Act. - Occupational Safety and Health Act.

● Prevention by the practice of disaster awareness and education.

● Preparedness

○ Agencies should have SOPs and should be reviewed and updated.

○ Agencies should enhance their disaster warning systems.

○ To enhance communication system for effective disaster handling.

○ To prepare and update Database on resources/ equipment.

● Response○ To mobilise search and rescue teams and supporting

personnel and relief resources to disaster scene immediately.

● Recovery

○ To reconstruct essential utilities, services and houses.

○ Medical and health care for victims.

○ Relief assistance to victims.e.g. financial, materials.

The elements of disaster management have broad application. There is no single and specific method in handling a disaster. The application and method of disaster management do not only depend on types, location and levels of disaster, but also depend on the effectiveness and good system of management as well as the total commitment of Agencies involved in handling a disaster.