NS1 2.5 Attitudes And Emotions

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UNIT 2 CHAPTER 5

Attitudes and Emotions

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Interpreting Events and Experiences

Your experience is what happens to you and

what happens in the world around you.

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How you interpret that experience has an

enormous influence on your daily life and

your future as a leader.

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These people made crucial decisions based

on what they believed they were capable of

doing. Their early life experiences helped

them realize their potential.

PresidentAbraham Lincoln

Civil-rights ActivistRosa Parks

InventorThomas Edison

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What an individual is capable of

doing or becoming

Potential

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These respected people frequently speak

today about how experiences early in their

lives helped them decide what they wanted

to do as an adult.

GeneralColin Powell

ActressMeryl Streep

SenatorJohn McCain

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That’s not to say people who achieve

greatness never make mistakes—they’ll

admit they’ve made plenty!

GeneralColin Powell

ActressMeryl Streep

SenatorJohn McCain

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They became the result of their potential.

As one old saying puts it, “As the twig is

bent, so grows the tree.”

GeneralColin Powell

ActressMeryl Streep

SenatorJohn McCain

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A. Events that happen to you and in

the world around you

B. Reasons why you become fully

developed and reach your potential

C. Responses you have to your

thoughts and the actions of other

people

D. Interpretations you give to your

relationship with others

What is experience?

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A. Events that happen to you and in

the world around you

B. Reasons why you become fully

developed and reach your potential

C. Responses you have to your

thoughts and the actions of other

people

D. Interpretations you give to your

relationship with others

What is experience?

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A. made them believe they could

accomplish anything

B. convinced them that the world

presented too many obstacles

C. helped them determine their adult

goals

D. helped them avoid making mistakes

as an adult

Many respected people have revealed

how youthful experiences _______.

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A. made them believe they could

accomplish anything

B. convinced them that the world

presented too many obstacles

C. helped them determine their adult

goals

D. helped them avoid making mistakes

as an adult

Many respected people have revealed

how youthful experiences _______.

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Growing up isn’t just about getting older.

You may think it is because for some

things, such as getting a driver’s license,

age alone is an important requirement.

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It means learning what’s required to

develop a positive attitude and then

putting that attitude to use to meet life’s

challenges.

The reality of growing up and reaching

maturity is much more…

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The state of being fully grown or

developed

Maturity

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Reaching maturity is the process of bringing

your personality and experience to bear on

your life in a positive, constructive way.

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What an individual is inside and

what he or she shows to others;

it includes actions, opinions,

beliefs, biases, desires, and

ambitions.

Personality

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Attaining maturity

means becoming

more aware of

your:

• Abilities

• Goals

• Place in the World

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Maturity also means

understanding how

your attitudes and

behaviors influence

others.

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A. life’s goal

B. positive attitude

C. satisfying career

D. strong will

Growing up involves developing a

_______ and then using it to meet

life’s challenges.

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A. life’s goal


C. satisfying career

D. strong will

Growing up involves developing a

_______ and then using it to meet

life’s challenges.

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Attitude and

your personality

are two different

things.

Experience shapes

your personality,

which is the

foundation of your

attitudes and

behaviors.

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An attitude, however, is rooted in

your thoughts, feelings, or beliefs

and greatly affects how you view

and treat a particular situation.

Attitude is a state of mind!

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A behavior is an action that others can see

you doing based both on your personality

and your attitude at the given time.

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You will become more aware of how your

attitudes and behaviors make you who you

are and who you are becoming because of

your experience.

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Some people humorously define experience

as “that thing you get just after you need

it.” This observation is, ironically, not too

far from the truth.

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and just as a skier

usually does better

the second time down

a course, you’ll learn

to make better

decisions as you

mature.

Your experiences act

as a rudder as you

navigate the course

of your life,

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• Where you want to go

• What you want to do

• Who you want to be.

As you mature, you

become better able

to interpret events

and use your ever

growing number of

experiences to

make better

decisions about:

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True or False: Attitude and personality

are the same thing.

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False

True or False: Attitude and personality

are the same thing.

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The Importance of a Positive Outlook

on Life

“Always look on the bright side of life.”

“Let a smile be your umbrella.”

“When life gives you lemons, make

lemonade!”

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You no doubt heard people say, “Colin has

such an attitude,” or “Cassandra is copping

a real “tude.”

These everyday phrases emphasize the

importance of having a positive outlook on

life .

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How would their ongoing bad attitudes affect

your friendship with Colin or Cassandra? ”

Those observations reflect negatively on

Colin and Cassandra. Why?

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Remember, your attitude is rooted in your

thoughts, feelings, and beliefs and is your

“slant” or “angle” on life.

Your Attitude is a Compass

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This “slant” determines your outlook and

approach to life and like a compass—you

go in the direction the needle points.

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Your attitude is largely under your control.

Attitude is not something you are born with.

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You can change your attitude and mood

simply by changing how you think and

talk.

Some experts say that

you can “program”

your attitude as you do

a computer, by

repeatedly thinking and

saying positive things

about yourself and

others.

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Your attitude follows your behavior. If

you do positive things, you’ll slowly

develop a more positive attitude.

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A. attitude

B. personality

C. behavior

D. experience

A person’s _______ is his/her “slant”

or “angle” on life.

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A. attitude

B. personality

C. behavior

D. experience

A person’s _______ is his/her “slant”

or “angle” on life.

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A. Thinking positive things about

yourself

B. Saying positive things about others

C. Doing positive things

D. Wishing positive things would

happen

Which one of these behaviors is NOT

a method of changing an attitude?

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A. Thinking positive things about

yourself

B. Saying positive things about others

C. Doing positive things

D. Wishing positive things would

happen

Which one of these behaviors is NOT

a method of changing an attitude?

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In 1969 psychologist

Thomas Anthony Harris

wrote a book called I'm

OK, You're OK. His

idea was that “you are

what you think” was

and still is very simple,

yet it reflects what

millions of people have

experienced

throughout their lives.

I’m Ok, You’re Ok.

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He summarize personality as one of four life

positions or attitudes:

1. I'm not OK, you're OK—disapproving of

yourself, approving of others

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2. I'm not OK, you're not OK—disapproving of

both yourself and others

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3. I'm OK, you're not OK—approving of

yourself, disapproving of others

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3. I'm OK, you're not OK—approving of

yourself, disapproving of others

4. I'm OK, you're OK—approving of yourself

and others.

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A. Disapproval of yourself, approval of

others

B. Disapproval of both yourself and

others

C. Approval of both yourself and

others

D. Approval of yourself, disapproval of

others

What thoughts describe the “I’m not

OK, you’re not OK” attitude?

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A. Disapproval of yourself, approval of

others

B. Disapproval of both yourself and

others

C. Approval of both yourself and

others

D. Approval of yourself, disapproval of

others

What thoughts describe the “I’m not

OK, you’re not OK” attitude?

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Most people hold

Attitude #1:

"I'm not OK, you're OK."

According to Harris…

These people might lack self-esteem or

self-confidence. They feel inferior to other

people.

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would not tend to “look on the bright

side.” Such a person would need to do

a lot of work to be happy.


Someone with

Attitude #2,

“I’m not OK,

you’re not OK”

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might have suffered from abuse or trauma

as children, and the effects of that abuse

still influence their relationships with other

people.


People with Attitude #3,

"I'm OK, you're not OK.”

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is the attitude of a healthy,

well-adjusted individual.

Attitude #4,

“I’m OK, you’re

OK.”


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A. Approval of both themselves and

others

B. Approval of themselves, disapproval

of others

C. Disapproval of both themselves and

others

D. Disapproval of themselves, approval

of others

According to Thomas Anthony Harris,

which attitude would belong to people

who lack self-esteem or self-confidence?

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A. Approval of both themselves and

others

B. Approval of themselves, disapproval

of others

C. Disapproval of both themselves and

others

D. Disapproval of themselves, approval

of others

According to Thomas Anthony Harris,

which attitude would belong to people

who lack self-esteem or self-confidence?

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Mr. Harris believed

that no matter how

“un-OK” your

attitude is to start

with, you can change

it for the better.

Anyone can move to

Attitude #4.

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True or False: According to Thomas

Anthony Harris, with effort everyone

can achieve an attitude of “I’m OK,

you’re OK.”

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True

True or False: According to Thomas

Anthony Harris, with effort everyone

can achieve an attitude of “I’m OK,

you’re OK.”

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The Value of a Positive Attitude

Why is a positive attitude important?

One good reason is that it increases the

chances that others will like you.

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People enjoy spending time with individuals

who express positive attitudes. They tend to

avoid individuals with an ongoing negative

attitude.

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Psychologists use the term toxic personalities

to refer to people who never have a nice thing

to say about anyone or anything.

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Ups and downs are a normal part of life. So if

your friend Aaron is in a “down” mood from

time to time, you try to cheer him up, and he

does the same for you.

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Negative Attitude!

A toxic—or poisonous—attitude can rub off

on others without their even being aware of

it.

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The old saying, “If you lie down with dogs,

you’ll get up with fleas,” points at an important

truth: Bad habits, poor behaviors, and negative

attitudes can be contagious.

Pick your friends wisely!

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A. Someone with a toxic personality has

occasional negative moods.

B. Spending time with negative people can

affect your own attitude for the worse.

C. People tend to avoid people with

negative attitudes.

D. Having a positive attitude makes it more

likely that people will want to be around

you.

Which of the following statements is NOT

true regarding attitudes?

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A. Someone with a toxic personality has

occasional negative moods.

B. Spending time with negative people can

affect your own attitude for the worse.

C. People tend to avoid people with

negative attitudes.

D. Having a positive attitude makes it more

likely that people will want to be around

you.

Which of the following statements is NOT

true regarding attitudes?

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A good attitude is essential for leaders.

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Good leaders know

that “throwing out

positive vibes” is

essential to gaining

respect and

encouraging others

to follow them.

Positive

Attitude!

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A. stay active and avoid laziness

B. choose their friends wisely

C. keep motivated and goal-oriented

D. make sure their attitude stays

positive

The saying, “If you lie down with

dogs, you’ll get up with fleas,” is

warning people to _______.

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A. stay active and avoid laziness

B. choose their friends wisely

C. keep motivated and goal-oriented

D. make sure their attitude stays

positive

The saying, “If you lie down with

dogs, you’ll get up with fleas,” is

warning people to _______.

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How Perspective Molds Your

Understanding Of Life

You look at things in your own

individual way. That’s what makes you

unique—an individual.

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You see the world in a way that only you can

and add a perspective to your community

that only you can provide.

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An individual’s way of seeing the

world

Perspective

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Diversity of views is one of the things that

make human beings so interesting. The ability

to share and compare the vast range of

experiences is what has furthered mankind

more than any other species on Earth and is

the basis for all of modern society.

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Your perspective is your “take” on

the world—your worldview.

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Your perspective includes your insight into

people, things, and events, driving the way

you interpret your life experiences.

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Your perspective helps form your attitudes

and personality, guiding your behavior and

further defining who you are as an

individual.

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A. Attitude

B. Personality

C. Opinion

D. Perspective

What term is used to refer to each

individual’s unique view of the world?

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A. Attitude

B. Personality

C. Opinion

D. Perspective

What term is used to refer to each

individual’s unique view of the world?

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Others of you may

be saying, “I know

everything I’ll ever

need to know and

I’ve got the right

idea of how things

work.”

Some of you may be

saying, “I’m just in

high school, I really

don’t have enough

experience to have a

truly unique

perspective.”

Both of these perspectives are right in

their own way, and both are wrong.

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As a student you are in a lively and

interesting world of discovery that you

largely determine for yourself, so you

really do know how things work for you.

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But, you still have

many experiences

and exciting things to

look forward to like:

• Getting your driver’s

license

• Getting a part-time

job

• Dating

• Graduating.

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On the longer-term

perspective, you may

look forward to:

• going to college

• getting a job

• marrying

• raising a family.

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In thefar distant future, you may be

looking to retire to a home on the beach

or a cabin in the woods somewhere.

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Maturity will broaden your views on the

world, or another way of saying it is that

life is like climbing a mountain: the higher

you get, the farther you can see.

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As you mature and

accumulate

experience, you’ll

start thinking about

how you formed your

unique perspective.

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Human beings have done this since the

beginning of history.

The ancient Greek philosophers thought

that the yearning for self-understanding

was as essential to human life as food

and water.

Plato SocratesAristotle

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A. The happiest people spend the least

amount of time in philosophical musings.

B. People have a greater need to understand

other people than to understand

themselves.

C. People are reluctant to consider their

negative traits and shortcomings.

D. All people have a longing and a need to

understand themselves.

What did the ancient Greek philosophers

believe about human beings and perspective?

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A. The happiest people spend the least

amount of time in philosophical musings.

B. People have a greater need to understand

other people than to understand

themselves.

C. People are reluctant to consider their

negative traits and shortcomings.

D. All people have a longing and a need to

understand themselves.

What did the ancient Greek philosophers

believe about human beings and perspective?

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It’s natural for you to want to understand

why you are thinking and doing certain

things at your age.

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In grasping the purpose

behind your perspective,

you’ll gradually begin to see

how a healthy, well-rounded,

fair-minded perspective can

guide you in your:

• Studies

• Career

• Friendships

• Family relationships

• Future.

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Right now, your

perspective may be

based largely on the

influence of your:

• Peers

• Parents

• Guardians

• Friends

• Teachers

These influences give you a good foundation

for growth.

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Your friends and

family “support

your worldview,”

but questioning

assumptions is also

important.

Both are the sign of

a growing, dynamic

perspective.

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How Perspective Molds Your Purposes,

Passions, And Practices

Your perspective drives the purposes you

strive toward; your passions, or the things

you feel strongly about, and the practices

you follow in your life.

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This means that your

perspective will

significantly affect your

success:

• In school

• At work

• In friendships

• In family relationships.

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True or False: Perspective has a

significant effect on a person’s

success in school, at work, and with

friends and family.

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True

True or False: Perspective has a

significant effect on a person’s

success in school, at work, and with

friends and family.

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People want to belong to a group or an

organization. They want to have friends—

sometimes desperately so.

By nature,

human

beings are

social

creatures.

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The need to have friends and to belong is

particularly strong among teenagers, but

old and young people alike seek group

acceptance. This natural human

characteristic is called an affiliation need.

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A desire to be and feel a part of

a group

Affiliation Need

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When you are young, the desire for

affiliation can sometimes lead to actions or

behaviors that run counter to the influence

of your family and teachers.

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You put your perspective to the test.

Sometimes peer pressure to do the wrong,

unwise, or inappropriate thing is almost

irresistible. Stick with the values that your

parents or teachers believe best.

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The more you know yourself, and the better

you understand what you believe and why,

the better you’ll be able to pass that test.

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A. To have children

B. To be successful at work

C. To be part of a group

D. To be loved and supported by

family

What is desired in affiliation need?

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A. To have children

B. To be successful at work

C. To be part of a group

D. To be loved and supported by

family

What is desired in affiliation need?

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A. Children

B. Teenagers

C. Middle aged

D. Elderly

In what age group can the need for

affiliation most often lead people to

inappropriate, wrong, or unwise

behavior?

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A. Children

B. Teenagers

C. Middle aged

D. Elderly

In what age group can the need for

affiliation most often lead people to

inappropriate, wrong, or unwise

behavior?

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Cultivating a Healthy Perspective

People’s beliefs and

desires help shape

their perspectives.

A belief is a strong and

deeply held idea that

forms the basis for

much of your thinking.

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A belief can be:

• Religious

• Social

• Political

• Personal.

Cultivating A Healthy Perspective

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A desire is something

you deeply want and is

frequently part of your

emotional and

psychological

motivation.

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A healthy perspective requires keeping an

open mind. It also involves recognizing

the short-term and long-term effects of

mistakes or poor choices.

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Everyone makes

mistakes—the trick is to

learn from them and

adjust your behavior not

to repeat them.

This self-correcting ability

is your ticket to success,

and it’s part of a healthy

perspective.

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Want to avoid mistakes as much as

possible? Pay attention to the signs

along the road.

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A. desires

B. values

C. emotions

D. ideas

Beliefs are strong and deeply held

_______ that shape your thinking.

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A. desires

B. values

C. emotions

D. ideas

Beliefs are strong and deeply held

_______ that shape your thinking.

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As you’ve matured, your affiliation need may

have led you to experiment with involvement

in various kinds of groups.

• Sport Teams

• School Clubs

You may have been encouraged to participate

in:

• Religious

Organizations

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When it comes to affiliations, focus on the

big picture, not the immediate situation.

Some affiliations are dead-end streets.

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Affiliations like:

• internet chat rooms

• cliques

• gangs

• secret clubs

are not a good

breeding ground for

developing a mature,

positive perspective.

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can’t be good for

your developing

worldview.

Similarly,

focusing all your

attention on:

• violent movies

• music

• video games

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This points to a

direct relationship

between your

experience—what

you see, hear,

touch, taste, say,

and do—and your

ever-widening

perspective on life.

In the 1985 movie Witness, one character

says, “What you take into your hands, you

take into your heart.”

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Everyone has heroes in their life!

Your heroes set goals, got excited about

them, and then worked to achieve them.

You can do that, too!

Parent Coach

Teacher

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Which of these is NOT a poor choice

for an affiliation or pastime that will

help you develop a mature, positive

perspective?

A. Internet chat rooms and adult

websites

B. Violent movies, music, and video

games

C. School club, sports team, and

religious youth organization

D. Gangs, cliques, and secret clubs

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Which of these is NOT a poor choice

for an affiliation or pastime that will

help you develop a mature, positive

perspective?

A. Internet chat rooms and adult

websites

B. Violent movies, music, and video

games

C. School club, sports team, and

religious youth organization

D. Gangs, cliques, and secret clubs

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How Your Actions Reveal Your Attitudes

You’ve

probably heard

the expression,

“Do as I say,

not as I do.”

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• perspectives,

• purposes

• beliefs

and your actions:

• practices

• behaviors.

This points out the close—and at times

contradictory—relationship between

your attitudes:

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If you’re like most people, you want your

actions to be in harmony with your attitudes.

“Walk the walk, talk the talk,” right?

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You’d seem hypocritical or two-faced if you

expressed one attitude or belief and then

did something that was completely

contrary.

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Another familiar saying, “Actions speak

louder than words.” Ultimately, what you do

is what counts, not what you say.

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Your actions set your goals in motion and

help you achieve what you want to

achieve.

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All these things may be part of how you define

success. You direct your actions to achieving

these goals.

The desire to achieve shows itself in:

MakingFriends

Making aTeam

Getting Good

Grades

MakingBand

Being Part of A Family

WinningAwards

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A. Between parents and children

B. Between attitudes and actions

C. Between right and wrong

D. Between maturity and immaturity

The expression “Do as I say, not as I

do” demonstrates what conflict?

132

A. Between parents and children

B. Between attitudes and actions

C. Between right and wrong

D. Between maturity and immaturity

The expression “Do as I say, not as I

do” demonstrates what conflict?

133

True or False: What people say is

more powerful than how they act.

134

False

True or False: What people say is

more powerful than how they act.

135

Your actions, for better or worse, reveal

your attitudes.

You can’t separate actions from attitudes.

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Showing up late

for:

• school

• practice

• work

sends a message

about your

attitude.

137

Dressing sloppy is not

the way to express your

individuality, and it

probably won’t score any

points with your family,

teachers, coaches, or

employer.

138

See if you can tell what each of the

following actions might say about the

person’s attitude:

• Chewing and snapping gum during a

lecture

• Conversing above a whisper during a

movie

• Failing to use “Mr.,” “Mrs.,” “Ms.,” “Sir,”

or “Ma’am” in talking with adults

• Not using a turn signal when driving

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• Never saying “Please” and “Thank you” in

normal conversation

• Avoiding eye contact with others

• Putting your feet up on furniture

• Losing something that you’ve borrowed

from a friend

• Ignoring personal hygiene with hair, teeth,

bathing, and clothing

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A. desires

B. values

C. goals

D. attitudes

Actions cannot be separated from

_______.

141

A. desires

B. values

C. goals

D. attitudes

Actions cannot be separated from

_______.

142

Think about your life

as a sport for a minute.

Are you a team

player?

Do you follow the

rules?

Take your shots?

What’s your attitude?

“You miss 100 percent of the

shots you don’t take.”

Said by

ice

hockey

legend

Wayne

Gretzky!

# 99

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WINNING BREEDS

WINNING!

An achievement-focused

attitude can become a

way of life and a positive,

contagious habit.

The more you achieve,

the more you’re likely to

achieve.

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Winning and success motivate those who

value winning to push themselves even

harder.

145

Successful leaders develop a winning

attitude not a “What’s the use?” attitude.

146

The question is, which sort of player

are you?

Are you willing to

simply throw your

fate to the wind and

hope things work

out?

Or are you going to

take charge of your

life and make it what

you want it to

become?

147

Positive and Negative Attitudes

The attitudes and behaviors of a healthy,

reasonable person are usually in harmony.

148

Positive thinkers make things happen!

He meant that if you plan

things right and have the

right attitude, you’ll attract

that mysterious power

people call “luck.”

Baseball executive Branch Ricky

once noted:

“Luck is the residue of

design.”

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“I’m a great believer in

luck, and I find the

harder I work, the more

I have of it.”

What do you think the

message is in his

statement?Thomas Jefferson

once said,

150

The message is that a

positive attitude and a

dedication to seeing

your goals realized

generally results in a

positive outcome.

Thomas Jefferson

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A. That you do not have any self-respect

B. That you do not care about offending

other people

C. That you have pride and make the

effort to be presentable

D. That you do not seek the approval of

other people

Which of these attitudes are you least

likely revealing when you ignore

personal hygiene issues like bathing and

having clean clothes, hair, and teeth?

152

A. That you do not have any self-respect

B. That you do not care about offending

other people

C. That you have pride and make the

effort to be presentable

D. That you do not seek the approval of

other people

Which of these attitudes are you least

likely revealing when you ignore

personal hygiene issues like bathing and

having clean clothes, hair, and teeth?

153

A. luck

B. happiness

C. success

D. wealth

With the proper planning and a

positive attitude, you will find that

_______ comes your way and that it is

not a random, mysterious thing after

all.

154

A. luck

B. happiness

C. success

D. wealth

With the proper planning and a

positive attitude, you will find that

_______ comes your way and that it is

not a random, mysterious thing after

all.

155

“I’m no good at

anything,” or “I never get

a break,” or “I don’t feel

like doing anything?”

Do you want to

hang around

with people

who are saying

things like:

That kind of

thinking is not

only depressing:

It’s contagious.

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Tending to spread from person

to person

Contagious

157

To be a winner you need to think like a

winner, and winning starts with taking

some concrete steps toward your goal.

NJROTC helps you become a winner!

158

Defense Mechanisms

The first trick to developing a positive

attitude is to accept that you won’t always

succeed at everything you do.

159

The second trick is to realize that trial

and error provide a wonderful

opportunity to keep improving.

160

True or False: Being around people

who whine and complain will most

likely make you feel like a winner.

161

False

True or False: Being around people

who whine and complain will most

likely make you feel like a winner.

162

In the business world, professionals set

goals for themselves.

Salespeople are often

rewarded when they

reach their sales

targets, but failing to

meet a goal—in

business or anywhere

else—doesn’t mean

that you are a failure.

163

or a doctor

can’t cure

every illness,

or a lawyer

loses a case,

If a baseball

player doesn’t

make every hit,

we don’t label them failures.

164

People talk about the “practice” of law and

medicine because those professionals are

constantly improving their art.

165

Of course, some professions have a zero

tolerance for failure—and it’s a good thing

they do. You don’t want them to make any big

mistakes. But even pilots are not always on

schedule, and architects do not win every

contract.

Architect Pilot

166

Keep in mind everyone is entitled to follow

a learning curve—the time necessary to

get better at a task or to reach a goal—as

long as the time is within reason for the

given task.

Architect Pilot

167

A. Chart that managers use to plot

progress toward a goal

B. Time needed to perfect a task or

reach a goal

C. Checkpoints for new employees

during their probationary period

D. Graph that documents how the

quality of an employee’s work

reaches a peak and then declines

over time

What is a learning curve?

168

A. Chart that managers use to plot


B. Time needed to perfect a task or

reach a goal



D. Graph that documents how the

quality of an employee’s work

reaches a peak and then declines

over time


169

Why do some people

handle their mistakes

well, and even learn

from them, while others

don’t?

The difference often lies

in a person’s defense

mechanisms.

170

Behaviors people use to deal

with anxiety, stress, or pressure

Defense mechanisms

171

Everyone has anxieties, and defense

mechanisms provide a way to deal with

them, but if you’re not careful, defense

mechanisms can turn into excuses.

172

People use defense mechanisms without

realizing it to try and convince others and

themselves that someone else is to blame for

a mistake, or that a controllable situation was

entirely outside of their ability to handle.

USS San Francisco

SSN-711

172

173

Defense

mechanisms are

ways of protecting

your self-

confidence and

pride when you

are feeling

inadequate or

ashamed.

174

You probably don’t respect the athlete, or

singer who constantly makes excuses for

his or her shortfalls.

175

The use of defense mechanisms is not a

bad thing as long as you take the steps to

correct the problem.

176

The danger of

defense

mechanisms is

failing to take

responsibility for

your actions or

inactions.

177

This is the hallmark

of an immature

personality and of

someone who still

has some growing

up to do, no matter

what his or her age.

178

A. Their pride and self-confidence

B. Their inabilities and inadequacies

C. The feelings of their families,

friends, and co-workers

D. The identity of the other people

responsible for the situation or

mistake

What are people trying to protect

when they use defense mechanisms?

179

A. Their pride and self-confidence

B. Their inabilities and inadequacies

C. The feelings of their families,

friends, and co-workers

D. The identity of the other people

responsible for the situation or

mistake

What are people trying to protect

when they use defense mechanisms?

180

A. People find themselves being given

more and more responsibility.

B. People begin to see themselves as

too perfect and incapable of error.

C. People keep those around them from

seeing the situation clearly enough

to help improve it.

D. People fail to take responsibility for

their actions and remain immature.

What is the danger of constantly using

defense mechanisms?

181

A. People find themselves being given

more and more responsibility.

B. People begin to see themselves as


C. People keep those around them from

seeing the situation clearly enough

to help improve it.

D. People fail to take responsibility for


What is the danger of constantly using

defense mechanisms?

182

Psychologists have

identified and studied

a number of defense

mechanisms people

use when they feel:

• Anxiety

• Stress

• Pressure.

183

How Defense Mechanisms Affect

Relationships

Consider the

situation between

Jack and Christine.

184

Jack and Christine have been dating

steadily for about a year, but they have

a problem: Jack gets jealous any time

Christine even talks to another boy.

185

He suspects she’s not really happy in

their relationship and watches her every

move. Christine keeps telling Jack that

he’s imagining things.

186

If he’s not careful, Jack might find himself

using one or more of the following defense

mechanisms instead of addressing his real

problem.

187

Example: Jack feels jealous anger toward

Christine, so he is rude to her little sister.

• Displacement—transferring a feeling

about a person or an object to another,

less threatening object

188

Example: Jack tells Christine that everything

is OK and that he doesn’t want to talk about

his feelings, but he still seems angry with her.

• Repression—pushing disturbing thoughts,

wishes, or experiences from one’s conscious

awareness while the feeling continues to

operate on an unconscious level

189

Example: Jack assures Christine that the

problem isn’t with her; he’s just going

through a tough time at his after-school job

and feels frustrated about it.

• Rationalization—concealing the true

motivations for one’s thoughts, actions, or

feelings by offering reassuring, but incorrect,

explanations

190

Example: Jack tells everyone that Christine

is upset with him because he spends time

shooting pool with friends.

• Projection—falsely attributing to others

your own unacceptable feelings, impulses,

or thoughts

191

Example: Jack uses a bar of soap to

draw graffiti all over Christine’s car.

• Acting out—using actions, rather than

words, to express the emotional

conflict

192

Example: Jack doesn’t realize that he has a

problem trusting other people. For example, he

forgets that he broke up with his previous

girlfriend, Wanda, because he was jealous of

her behavior, even though his friends told him

repeatedly that Wanda really liked him and that

she was not a flirt.

• Denial—refusing to acknowledge some

painful aspect of external reality or one’s own

experience that would be apparent to others

193

A. Repression

B. Rationalization

C. Displacement

D. Projection

What term is used to refer to the

transference of a feeling about a

person or an object to another, less

threatening object?

194

A. Repression

B. Rationalization

C. Displacement

D. Projection


transference of a feeling about a

person or an object to another, less

threatening object?

195

A. acting out

B. in repression

C. rationalizing

D. in denial

If someone refuses to recognize some

painful aspect of reality or his/her own

experience that other people would

clearly see, he/she is _______.

196

A. acting out

B. in repression

C. rationalizing

D. in denial

If someone refuses to recognize some

painful aspect of reality or his/her own

experience that other people would

clearly see, he/she is _______.

197

Have you ever used any of them yourself?

How many of

these defense

mechanisms do

you recognize?

198

Because defense mechanisms can be used

unconsciously, people sometimes use them

without even knowing it.

199

Before things can get better for Jack and

Christine, Jack must realize that his attitude

needs to improve.

200

Mature people don’t fall back on defense

mechanisms—mainly because they don’t

need them.

201

Many times, you simply have to “grin and

bear it,” but growing up and developing a

positive, productive attitude requires a

willingness to keep working to solve an

issue rather than dodge it.

You will not

always be

successful.

202

Nobody comes into this world with a

guaranteed perfect life, but the attitude

you develop once you get here is under

your control.

203

A positive attitude

can make it easier to

handle life’s troubles.

204

“How you think

about a problem is

more important

than the problem

itself—so always

think positively.”

Norman Vincent

Peale

The power of positive thinking!

205

A. They use defense mechanisms most of

the time like anybody else.

B. They confront their problems in an

attempt to solve them.

C. They wait them out, knowing that the

passage of time will help them see

solutions more clearly.

D. They do not fear addressing problems

because they know they will always be

successful.

How do mature people deal with their

problems?

206

A. They use defense mechanisms most of

the time like anybody else.

B. They confront their problems in an

attempt to solve them.

C. They wait them out, knowing that the

passage of time will help them see

solutions more clearly.

D. They do not fear addressing problems

because they know they will always be

successful.

How do mature people deal with their

problems?

207

People with positive

attitudes usually have

other personality traits

that help them meet

life’s:

• Challenges

• Frustrations

• Disappointments.

208

These people can call into action the

following personality traits to solve problems

and to succeed:

• Integrity

• Credibility

• Humility

• Patience

• Respect

• Appreciation

• Focus on task completion and on people

209

Strategies for Expressing Emotions

Specific feelings you may experience

Love

Grief

Joy

210

Strategies for Expressing Emotions

Anger

FearDisgust

Specific feelings you may experience

211

We all experience people who are in a good

“mood” or bad “mood.”

People refer

to a more

general kind

of feeling as

a “mood.”

212

“Moods” are a temporary state of mind or

feeling a general feeling of emotion.

212

213

Babies come into the world with the

two most basic emotions:

Delight Distress213

214

As you grow older, emotions

become a very real part of you.214

215

Controlling emotions is

a challenge to everyone

in a leadership position.

215

216

Emotions need to be expressed, especially

very strong emotions.

216

217

You may feel like “telling off” someone or

even physically striking the person, but

your social conditioning tells you that this

is not acceptable behavior.

218

Constructive methods of expressing strong

emotions include:

Physical activity

Talking it out

Sense of humor

Positive

thoughts

219

A. moods

B. attitudes

C. emotions

D. outlooks

Spontaneous feelings that people

have are called _______.

220

A. moods

B. attitudes

C. emotions

D. outlooks

Spontaneous feelings that people

have are called _______.

221

Emotions are a very real part of you!

Physical Activity

Intense Emotional

Buildup

222

Some emotional

outlets include:

• Sports activity

223

• Creative projects223

224

• Cleaning a house

225

• Washing the car

226

• Mowing the lawn

227

• Hunting or fishing

228

• Painting

229

• Sewing

230

• Woodworking.

231

A. Washing the car

B. Mowing the lawn

C. Playing video games

D. Cleaning house

Which of these is NOT a

recommended physical activity to help

deal with emotions constructively?

232

A. Washing the car

B. Mowing the lawn

C. Playing video games

D. Cleaning house

Which of these is NOT a

recommended physical activity to help

deal with emotions constructively?

233

Talking it out

Trusted friend Teacher

Counselor Parent233

234

Trusted friend Teacher

Counselor Parent

These people can help you see

alternatives and understand

your feelings.

234

235

Sense of Humor

Keeping your

sense of humor

is a big asset in

constructively

expressing

emotions.

236

Being able to laugh at yourself

and to laugh with others is a

rare combination.

236

237

The jokester tries to

build up his or her

self-image in an

attempt to feel

superior at someone

else’s expense.

238

A constructive sense

of humor is not:

• Cutting

• Sarcastic

• Hostile.238

239

A. their emotion

B. people close to them

C. strangers

D. themselves

People using humor constructively

focus the humor on _______, and it is

not hostile, cutting, or sarcastic.

240

A. their emotion

B. people close to them

C. strangers

D. themselves

People using humor constructively

focus the humor on _______, and it is

not hostile, cutting, or sarcastic.

241

Positive Thoughts

and Actions

The power of

“positive thinking!”

242

Positive attitudes begin with:

• A healthy self-image

243

• Acknowledgement rather than denial

of problems

244

• A conscious effort to build habits

that will contribute to a positive

personal growth.244

245

A. Facing rather than ignoring problems

B. Repeating to yourself and your

friends that you are going to become

a positive thinker

C. Making a conscious effort to build

habits for personal growth

D. Trying to keep a healthy self-image

Which of the following is NOT part of the

process of establishing a positive

attitude?

246

A. Facing rather than ignoring problems

B. Repeating to yourself and your

friends that you are going to become

a positive thinker

C. Making a conscious effort to build

habits for personal growth

D. Trying to keep a healthy self-image

Which of the following is NOT part of the

process of establishing a positive

attitude?

247

Your success as a leader often depends on

attitudes—and you can control your attitude.

Conclusion

Anger

FearDisgust

248

Will your attitude

be positive or

negative?

The choice is

yours.

249

Family member Employee

Student Citizen

A positive attitude will make

you a happier and more

successful:

249

250

CONCLUSION

People are attracted to and will follow

positive thinkers who can solve problems

for themselves and others.

251

A positive attitude

can be the leader’s

key to success.

252

A. Maturity

B. Affiliation

C. Perspective

D. Potential

What term refers to something

that can be but has not yet been

developed?

253

A. Maturity

B. Affiliation

C. Perspective

D. Potential

What term refers to something

that can be but has not yet been

developed?

254

A. Maturity

B. Potential

C. Affiliation

D. Perspective


state of being fully grown or

developed?

255

A. Maturity

B. Potential

C. Affiliation

D. Perspective


state of being fully grown or

developed?

256

A. Affiliation

B. Personality

C. Perspective

D. Potential

What term is used to refer to

what a person is inside as well

as what he/she shows to others,

and is comprised of such things

as actions, opinions, and

beliefs?

257

A. Affiliation

B. Personality

C. Perspective

D. Potential


what a person is inside as well

as what he/she shows to others,

and is comprised of such things

as actions, opinions, and

beliefs?

258

A. experience

B. personality

C. attitude

D. behavior

A person’s _______ is rooted in

his/her thoughts, feelings, and

beliefs, and largely determines

how a person responds to a

particular situation.

259

A. experience

B. personality

C. attitude

D. behavior

A person’s _______ is rooted in

his/her thoughts, feelings, and

beliefs, and largely determines

how a person responds to a

particular situation.

260

A. personality

B. potential

C. perspective

D. affiliation

Someone’s way of seeing the

world is his/her _______.

261

A. personality

B. potential

C. perspective

D. affiliation

Someone’s way of seeing the

world is his/her _______.

262

A. a defense mechanism

B. gregariousness

C. herd mentality

D. affiliation need

A human being’s natural desire

to feel like he/she is part of a

group is known as _______.

263

A. a defense mechanism

B. gregariousness

C. herd mentality

D. affiliation need

A human being’s natural desire

to feel like he/she is part of a

group is known as _______.

264

A. Defense mechanisms

B. Affiliation needs

C. Displacements

D. Projections


behaviors that people use to deal

with anxieties and stress?

265

A. Defense mechanisms

B. Affiliation needs

C. Displacements

D. Projections


behaviors that people use to deal

with anxieties and stress?

266

A. Rationalization

B. Projection

C. Displacement

D. Repression


taking out impulses on or

transferring feelings about a

person or thing to a less

threatening, more acceptable

object?

267

A. Rationalization

B. Projection

C. Displacement

D. Repression


taking out impulses on or

transferring feelings about a

person or thing to a less

threatening, more acceptable

object?

268

A. Repression

B. Acting out

C. Displacement

D. Denial

What term is used to refer to a

refusal to acknowledge the

existence of a problem or a

painful reality?

269

A. Repression

B. Acting out

C. Displacement

D. Denial

What term is used to refer to a

refusal to acknowledge the

existence of a problem or a

painful reality?

270

A. denial

B. repression

C. displacement

D. rationalization

A defense mechanism in which

someone pushes disturbing

thoughts from his/her conscious

mind while the feelings continue

at the subconscious level is

known as _______.

271

A. denial

B. repression

C. displacement

D. rationalization

A defense mechanism in which

someone pushes disturbing

thoughts from his/her conscious

mind while the feelings continue

at the subconscious level is

known as _______.

272

A. Rationalization

B. Displacement

C. Repression

D. Denial


concealing of true motivations

for one’s thoughts or actions by

explaining them in a more

reassuring way?

273

A. Rationalization

B. Displacement

C. Repression

D. Denial


concealing of true motivations

for one’s thoughts or actions by

explaining them in a more

reassuring way?

274

A. Displacement

B. Denial

C. Projection

D. Rationalization


falsely attributing one’s own

unacceptable feelings or

impulses to another?

275

A. Displacement

B. Denial

C. Projection

D. Rationalization


falsely attributing one’s own

unacceptable feelings or

impulses to another?

276

A. personalities

B. affiliations

C. perspectives

D. moods

While emotions are

spontaneous feelings, _______

are a more a temporary state of

mind or general feeling of some

emotion.

277

A. personalities

B. affiliations

C. perspectives

D. moods

While emotions are

spontaneous feelings, _______

are a more a temporary state of

mind or general feeling of some

emotion.

278

A. spending a lot of time alone thinking

about the emotions

B. releasing the pent-up emotions by

“telling off” someone

C. talking with someone they trust to

“get it off” their chest

D. sleeping and resting more than usual

Because expressing strong emotions is

important, people should deal with

them in constructive ways, such as

having a sense of humor, engaging in

physical activity, and _______.

279

A. spending a lot of time alone thinking

about the emotions

B. releasing the pent-up emotions by

“telling off” someone

C. talking with someone they trust to

“get it off” their chest

D. sleeping and resting more than usual

Because expressing strong emotions is

important, people should deal with

them in constructive ways, such as

having a sense of humor, engaging in

physical activity, and _______.

280

A. Each person has a distinct

personality.

B. People should be accepted for

who they are.

C. All people are inherently

good.

D. People can change their

attitude for the better.

What was the theme of Thomas

Anthony Harris’ 1969 book I’m

OK, You’re OK?

281

A. Each person has a distinct

personality.

B. People should be accepted for

who they are.

C. All people are inherently

good.

D. People can change their

attitude for the better.

What was the theme of Thomas

Anthony Harris’ 1969 book I’m

OK, You’re OK?

282

A. I’m not OK, you’re OK.

B. I’m OK, you’re not OK.

C. I’m OK, you’re OK.

D. I’m not OK, you’re not OK.

According to Thomas Anthony

Harris’ 1969 book, which of

these attitudes reflects the

approval both of oneself and of

others that a healthy, well-

adjusted person feels?

283

A. I’m not OK, you’re OK.

B. I’m OK, you’re not OK.

C. I’m OK, you’re OK.

D. I’m not OK, you’re not OK.

According to Thomas Anthony

Harris’ 1969 book, which of

these attitudes reflects the

approval both of oneself and of

others that a healthy, well-

adjusted person feels?

284

A. People’s attitudes and personalities are

formed separately from their

perspectives.

B. People want to explore the purpose

behind their perspectives as they grow

older.

C. By the teenage years, people’s

perspectives are fully formed with little

or no change to be expected.

D. Perspectives grow narrower over time,

much like climbing down from a

mountain.

Which of these statements about

perspectives is accurate?

285

A. People’s attitudes and personalities are

formed separately from their

perspectives.

B. People want to explore the purpose

behind their perspectives as they grow

older.

C. By the teenage years, people’s

perspectives are fully formed with little

or no change to be expected.

D. Perspectives grow narrower over time,

much like climbing down from a

mountain.

Which of these statements about

perspectives is accurate?

286

A. behavior and belonging in a group

B. parents’ influences and lessons

C. personality and attitude

D. self-knowledge and perspective

When young people must decide

between going along with the group

and behaving in accordance with

their values, their _______ are tested.

287

A. behavior and belonging in a group

B. parents’ influences and lessons

C. personality and attitude

D. self-knowledge and perspective

When young people must decide

between going along with the group

and behaving in accordance with

their values, their _______ are tested.

288

A. The mistakes people make in dealing

with desires fortunately always have

only short-term effects.

B. Desires often are sources of

psychological and emotional motivation.

C. In the process of fulfilling desires,

people often make mistakes and poor

choices.

D. Dealing wisely with desires requires a

perspective that allows people to see

things as they really are.

Which of these statements about desire is

NOT accurate?

289

A. The mistakes people make in dealing

with desires fortunately always have

only short-term effects.

B. Desires often are sources of

psychological and emotional motivation.

C. In the process of fulfilling desires,

people often make mistakes and poor

choices.

D. Dealing wisely with desires requires a

perspective that allows people to see

things as they really are.

Which of these statements about desire is

NOT accurate?

290

A. emotions

B. values

C. ideas

D. perceptions

Desires are things you want

either for yourself or those you

care for, while beliefs are strong

and deeply held _______ that

shape your thinking.

291

A. emotions

B. values

C. ideas

D. perceptions

Desires are things you want

either for yourself or those you

care for, while beliefs are strong

and deeply held _______ that

shape your thinking.

292

A. attribute it to chance and bad

luck

B. determine not to repeat it

C. hope it will not happen again

D. pinpoint who should share

the blame

To learn from a mistake, a

healthy, well-adjusted person

will adjust his/her behavior and

_______.

293

A. attribute it to chance and bad

luck

B. determine not to repeat it

C. hope it will not happen again

D. pinpoint who should share

the blame

To learn from a mistake, a

healthy, well-adjusted person

will adjust his/her behavior and

_______.

294

A. desires

B. goals

C. values

D. attitudes

Actions reveal a person’s

_______ and cannot be

separated from them.

295

A. desires

B. goals

C. values

D. attitudes

Actions reveal a person’s

_______ and cannot be

separated from them.

296

A. success

B. wealth

C. luck

D. happiness

With proper planning and a

positive attitude, _______ will

come your way, as in Thomas

Jefferson’s statement, the

harder he worked, the more of it

he had.

297

A. success

B. wealth

C. luck

D. happiness

With proper planning and a

positive attitude, _______ will

come your way, as in Thomas

Jefferson’s statement, the

harder he worked, the more of it

he had.

298

A. Time needed to perfect a task or

reach a goal

B. Graph showing how the quality

of an employee’s work reaches a

peak and then declines over time



D. Chart that managers use to plot



299

A. Time needed to perfect a task or

reach a goal

B. Graph showing how the quality

of an employee’s work reaches a

peak and then declines over time



D. Chart that managers use to plot



300

A. People begin to see themselves as


B. People find themselves being given

more and more responsibility and

are not able to handle it.

C. People fail to take responsibility for


D. People prevent co-workers and

friends from seeing a situation

clearly enough to improve it.

What is the greatest danger of the

constant use of defense mechanisms?

301

A. People begin to see themselves as


B. People find themselves being given

more and more responsibility and

are not able to handle it.

C. People fail to take responsibility for


D. People prevent co-workers and

friends from seeing a situation

clearly enough to improve it.

What is the greatest danger of the

constant use of defense mechanisms?

302

A. face a problem

B. deal with a problem

C. solve a problem

D. think about a problem

In support of the power of

positive thinking, Norman

Vincent Peale wrote, “How you

_______ is more important than

the problem itself.”

303

A. face a problem

B. deal with a problem

C. solve a problem

D. think about a problem

In support of the power of

positive thinking, Norman

Vincent Peale wrote, “How you

_______ is more important than

the problem itself.”

304

A. interpret

B. remember

C. show

D. discuss

The way that people _______

their experiences is very

influential on their lives and

their ability to lead.

305

A. interpret

B. remember

C. show

D. discuss

The way that people _______

their experiences is very

influential on their lives and

their ability to lead.

306

A. strong will


C. fulfilling career

D. life goal

In the process of maturing, a

person develops a _______ and

then uses it to meet life’s

challenges.

307

A. strong will


C. fulfilling career

D. life goal

In the process of maturing, a

person develops a _______ and

then uses it to meet life’s

challenges.

308

A. They improve with the growing

ability to interpret events and use

experiences.

B. They continue to be inconsistent as

difficulties arise throughout life.

C. They reach a plateau where making

the right decision becomes almost

automatic.

D. They slowly deteriorate as life

becomes inevitably more

complicated.

What happens to a person’s decision-

making skills as he/she matures?

309

A. They improve with the growing

ability to interpret events and use

experiences.

B. They continue to be inconsistent as

difficulties arise throughout life.

C. They reach a plateau where making

the right decision becomes almost

automatic.

D. They slowly deteriorate as life

becomes inevitably more

complicated.

What happens to a person’s decision-

making skills as he/she matures?

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A. Thinking positive things

about yourself

B. Saying positive things about

others

C. Wishing positive things

would happen

D. Doing positive things

Which one of these behaviors is

NOT considered a method of

changing an attitude?

311

A. Thinking positive things

about yourself

B. Saying positive things about

others

C. Wishing positive things

would happen

D. Doing positive things

Which one of these behaviors is

NOT considered a method of

changing an attitude?

NS1 2.5 Attitudes And Emotions

Education

Transcript of NS1 2.5 Attitudes And Emotions