NS 220 Unit 7 Seminar Meeting energy needs
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NS 220 UNIT 7 SEMINAR MEETING ENERGY NEEDS Brooke Benton MS, RD, LDN, CDE
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NS 220 Unit 7 Seminar Meeting energy needs. Brooke Benton MS, RD, LDN, CDE. Overview. Overweight/obesity Energy Balance Dieting Fad Diets Weight Loss Success. CDC Statistics- Obesity. More than 1/3 of U.S. adults are obese. 16% of children and adolescents (ages 2-19 years) are obese. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of NS 220 Unit 7 Seminar Meeting energy needs
NS 220
UNIT 7 SEMINAR
MEETING ENERGY NEEDS
Brooke Benton MS, RD, LDN, CDE
Overview
Overweight/obesity
Energy Balance
Dieting
Fad Diets
Weight Loss Success
CDC Statistics- Obesity
More than 1/3 of U.S. adults are obese.
16% of children and adolescents (ages 2-19 years) are obese.
Obesity Trends
U.S. obesity trends (2008). Overweight and Obesity. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htm
Obesity Trends
U.S. obesity trends (2008). Overweight and Obesity. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htm
Obesity Trends
U.S. obesity trends (2008). Overweight and Obesity. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htm
Obesity Trends
U.S. obesity trends (2008). Overweight and Obesity. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htm
Obesity Trends
U.S. obesity trends (2008). Overweight and Obesity. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htm
Obesity TrendsBRFSS, 2008
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
CDC Statistics- Obesity
What chronic diseases and health issues should we be concerned about due to obesity?
CDC Statistics- Obesity
Healthy People 2010 national health objectives:
To reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults to less than 15%.
To reduce the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents to less than 5%.
Questions??
Energy Measurement
Energy value of foods is measured in kilocalories (Kcal)
Kcal are determined by content of protein, fat, and carbohydrate content Protein – 4kcal/gram Carbohydrate – 4kcal/gram Fat – 9kcal/gram
Total energy needs depend on BMR, energy expenditure, and thermic effect of food
Energy Needs Part 1 - Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Energy required for the vital life processes Affected by:
Body composition – BMR is higher for someone with more muscle mass
Sex – men have higher BMR than women Age – BMR declines as we age Body temperature – cold external temperature
raises BMR Physiological status – some conditions and
diseases increase BMR (cancer, HTN) while others decrease BMR (malnutrition, hypothyroidism)
The more active you are, the more your energy needs increase
Examples: Eating ~ 1 – 2 kcal/min Gardening ~ 3.5 – 9 kcal/min Basketball ~10 kcal/min Running ~ 9 – 21 kcal/min
Energy Needs Part 2 - Activity
BMR increases ~ 12 hours after eating
Digestion, absorption, transportation, and metabolism all require energy
Thermic effect of food varies 10 – 15% of total energy needs
Energy Needs Part 2 – Thermic Effect of Food
Energy Balance Equation
Energy Input = Energy Output
(or calories in = calories out)
Energy Input= Calories from food
Energy Output= Metabolism (BMR) Physical Activity Thermic Effect of Food
Energy Balance
Positive Energy Balance = Input > Output (eat more than expend) Results in weight gain
Negative Energy Balance = Input < Output (eat less than expend) Results in weight loss
Must have a calorie deficit of about 3500 kcal per week to lose one pound/week…deficit of 500 kcals/day over 7 days.
Questions??
Why “Diets” Don’t Work
Obesity is a chronic disease Treatment requires long-term lifestyle changes
(no quick fix). Dieters are misdirected
More concerned about weight loss than healthy, active lifestyle.
Unrealistic weight expectations.
Fad Diets
Emphasizes one or two foods. Severely restricts food choices; rigid eating
plans. What nutrients are fad diets usually lacking? Temporary solution to weight loss…not long-
term; focus is not on permanent eating, exercise, or behavior changes.
What are your concerns about fad diets?
Fad Diets- What to Watch Out For
Promote quick weight loss Limited food selections; rituals Use of testimonials Cure-alls Recommend expensive supplements No permanent lifestyle changes advocated Critical of the scientific community
Discussion
What factors are affecting obesity?
What can we do to help decrease obesity as well as prevent weight gain?
Weight Loss Success
National Weight Control Registry www.nwcr.ws
Investigates characteristics of individuals who have succeeded at long-term weight loss.
45% lost weight on their own; 55% used a program.
98% modified their food intake. 94% increased their activity (walking most
reported).
Recommendations: Eating
Calorie control Portions Eat less overall, but still choose variety of foods Stay within your daily calorie needs
Plan meals ahead Write down what you eat; self-monitoring Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free or
low-fat milk and milk products, lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts
Emphasize low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt, and added sugars
Recommendations: Exercise
Exercise on regular basis; ACSM Position To prevent weight gain: 150-250 min/week Weight loss: 150->250 min/week Weight maintenance after weight loss: >250
min/week Children and teens: 60 mins per day
Donnelly JE, et al. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention
of weight regain for adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2009; 41:459-471.
Questions??
What happens when we have an energy
imbalance??
Effects of Energy Imbalance
Undernutrition (underweight) – below 10% of ideal body weight
Overnutrition (overweight) – 10 to 20% above ideal body weight
Determining Body Composition Water displacement
Most accurate, but requires special equipment and can be expensive
Skinfold thickness Inexpensive, but need to be completed by
someone trained to do this Anthropometic Measurements – height,
weight, BMI Labs to identify signs of malnutrition
Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI is used because, for most people, it correlates with their amount of body fat.
Should not be used for those with a high muscle mass – will give a false high number
Calculation: weight (pounds)/ height (inches) / height (inches) x 703
Normal BMI 18 - 24 BMI between 25 and 29.9 = Overweight. BMI of 30 or higher = Obese.
Questions??
Portion Distortion!
BAGEL
20 Years Ago Today
140 calories 3-inch diameter
How many calories are in this bagel?
140 calories 3-inch diameter
Calorie Difference: 210 calories
350 calories 6-inch diameter
BAGEL
20 Years Ago Today
How long will you have to rake leaves in
order to burn the extra 210 calories?*
*Based on 130-pound person
Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing ActCalories In = Calories Out
If you rake the leaves for 50 minutes you will burn the extra 210 calories.*
*Based on 130-pound person
Calories In = Calories Out
CHEESEBURGER
20 Years Ago Today
333 calories How many calories are in today’s cheeseburger?
Calorie Difference: 257 calories
590 calories
CHEESEBURGER
20 Years Ago Today
333 calories
Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing ActCalories In = Calories Out
How long will you have to lift weights in order to burn the extra 257 calories?*
*Based on 130-pound person
If you lift weights for 1 hour and 30 minutes,you will burn approximately 257 calories.*
*Based on 130-pound person
Calories In = Calories Out
SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS
20 Years Ago Today
500 calories1 cup spaghetti with sauce and 3 small meatballs
How many calories do you think are in today's portion of spaghetti and meatballs?
Calorie Difference: 525 calories
1,025 calories 2 cups of pasta with sauce and 3 large meatballs
20 Years Ago Today
500 calories1 cup spaghetti with sauce and 3 small meatballs
SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS
How long will you have to houseclean in order to burn the extra 525 calories?*
*Based on 130-pound person
Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing ActCalories In = Calories Out
*Based on 130-pound person
If you houseclean for 2 hours and 35 minutes,
you will burn approximately 525 calories.*
Calories In = Calories Out
FRENCH FRIES
20 Years Ago Today
210 Calories
2.4 ounces How many calories are intoday’s portion of fries?
610 Calories6.9 ounces
Calorie Difference: 400 Calories
FRENCH FRIES
20 Years Ago Today
210 Calories
2.4 ounces
How long will you have to walk leisurely in order to burn those extra 400 calories?*
*Based on 160-pound person
Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing ActCalories In = Calories Out
*Based on 160-pound person
If you walk leisurely for 1 hour and 10 minutes you will burn approximately 400 calories.*
Calories In = Calories Out
85 Calories 6.5 ounces
How many calories are in today’s portion?
SODA
20 Years Ago Today
Calorie Difference: 165 Calories
250 Calories 20 ounces
85 Calories 6.5 ounces
SODA
20 Years Ago Today
How long will you have to work in the garden to burn those extra calories?*
*Based on 160-pound person
Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing ActCalories In = Calories Out
If you work in the garden for 35 minutes, you will burn approximately 165 calories.*
*Based on 160-pound person
Calories In = Calories Out
320 calories How many calories are in today’s turkey sandwich?
TURKEY SANDWICH
20 Years Ago Today
Calorie Difference: 500 calories
820 calories 320 calories
TURKEY SANDWICH
20 Years Ago Today
How long will you have to ride a bike in order
to burn those extra calories?*
*Based on 160-pound person
Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing ActCalories In = Calories Out
*Based on 160-pound person
If you ride a bike for 1 hour and 25 minutes,you will burn approximately 500 calories.*
Calories In = Calories Out
Questions??
References
U.S. obesity trends (2008). Overweight and Obesity.. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htm
Portion Distortion. http://hp2010.nhlbihin.net/portion/. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
Hui, Y.H. & Stanfield, P. (2010). Nutrition and Diet Therapy: Self-Instructional Approaches, 5th edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers
