NPL PPT sushma

7/27/2019 NPL PPT sushma

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PRESENTED BYT.SUSHMA

MSC.(N)1ST YEAR

CON,NIMS.


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NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY FOR CHILDRENThe Government of India adopted a National Policyfor children in August 1974, keeping in a view the

United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the child& the constitutional provisions.

THE POLICY DECLARES:

It shall be the policy of the state to provide adequateservices to children, both before & after birth &through the period of growth, to ensure their fullphysical, mental& social development.

The state shall progressively increase in the scope ofsuch services so that, within a reasonable time, allchildren in the country enjoy optimum conditions fortheir balanced growth.


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According to the declaration,

The development of children has been considered asintegral part of National development.

The policy recognizes children as the Nationssupremely important assert & declares that the nationis responsible for their nature & solitude.

It also emphasizes the priorities of childrens programs

& special focus on child health, child nutrition &welfare of the handicapped & destitute children.

NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY FOR CHILDREN


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The Principles of Indias National Policy for Children

A comprehensive health program for all children &provision of nutrition services for children.

Provision of health care, nutrition & nutrition

education for expectant & nursing mothers. Free & compulsory education up to the age of 14 years,

informal education for preschools & efforts to reducewastage & stagnation in schools.

Out of school education for those not having access toformal education.

Promotion of games, recreation & extracurricularactivities in schools & community centers.

NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY FOR CHILDREN


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Special programs for children from weaker sections.

Facilities for education, training & rehabilitation forchildren in distress.

Protection against neglect, cruelty & exploitation.

Banning of employment in hazardous occupations &in heavy work for children.

Special treatment, education, rehabilitation & care ofphysically handicapped, emotionally distributed ormentally retarded children.


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Priority for the protection & relief of children in timesof national distress & calamity.

Special programs to encourage talented & gifted

children, particularly from the weaker sections. The paramount consideration in all relevant laws is the

interests of children.

Strengthening family ties to enable children to grow

within the family, neighbor-hood & communityenvironment.



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A number of programs were introduced by the

Government of India, after the declaration of nationalpolicy for children.

The Important Programs are:

ICDS scheme, (Integrated Child Development Services).

Programs of supplementary ,programs of supplementaryfeeding.

Nutrition education.

Child welfare services.

Welfare of handicapped children.

CSSM programme.

Production of nutritious food ,

National childrens fund,


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CHILD WELFARE SERVICESChild welfare services in their various facets are providing

preventive, promotive, development & rehabilitativeservices. Attention is generally focused on 3 categories of

children in the poverty group: children of workingmother, destitute children & handicapped children.

There are many child welfare agencies in India. They are:

Indian Council for Child Welfare (ICCW).

Central Social Welfare board.Kasturba Gandhi Memorial Trust.

Indian Red Cross Society.


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These agencies have got branches all over the country.Following some of their activities.

Day care services:This is for the children of working

mothers. It is mainly for infant & toddlers. Holiday homes: These are organized for children in

the age group 12 to 16 years at hill station & sea sideresorts.

Recreation facilities:These comprise organization ofplay centers, public parks, childrens libraries.

CHILD WELFARE SERVICES CONT


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WELFARE OF THE HANDICAPPED CHILDREN Handicap is defined as a disadvantage for a given

individual resulting from an impairment or a disabilitythat limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that isnormal for that individual.

One of the objective of child health services is thePrevention of Handicapping condition. Governmenthas taken initiative for the prevention ofhandicapness. They are:

Primary Prevention,

Secondary Prevention.


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Primary prevention: The idea is to prevent thehandicap from occurring through the application ofpreventive measure during pre-conceptional, pre-natal &intra-natal period & during infancy, childhood &adolescence. The approaches in primary prevention

include.Genetic counseling: The optimum maternal age for

producing normal babies is between 20 to 30 years. Afterthe age of 30 or 35 years, there is a greater chance ofproducing a genetically abnormal child especially one with

Downs syndrome.At risk approach: People at risk of transmitting

inherited disease (e.g.: chromosomal or sex linked disease)should be identified. They should be offered all theinvestigation currently available & should have competent

advice about future risk.

WELFARE OF THE HANDICAPPED CHILDREN:

Primary prevention


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Immunization: In India, the main cause of disability ispoliomyelitis which can be prevented by immunization &even other diseases can also prevented by immunization.

Nutrition: Proper nutrition of the pregnant mother isimportant for the welfare of the unborn child especially toreduce the incidence of prematurity which is associated

with mental handicaps.

Others: These include health care of mother & childrenthrough prenatal, natal & postnatal periods, avoidance ofinfectious disease, potentially teratogenic drugs & smoking.

WELFARE OF THE HANDICAPPED CHILDREN:

Primary prevention contd


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The board objectives for all children whatever their condition orproblem are to bring them as close to normally as possible,physically, mentally & socially. It includes:

Early diagnosis of handicap: Parents themselves have theresponsibility to bring the child to pediatrician & seek advice.

Investigation of the child requires full history, assessment of thedegree of handicap & perhaps special investigation.

Treatment: Handicapped children need special treatmentfacilities such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speechtherapy (child is trained to talk normally) & prosthetic (provision

of artificial limbs, hearing aids & other equipment). Training & Education: The handicapped child is trained for an

independent living this is called vocational guidance he istrained to work with what is left so that he is not a burden onother.


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CHILD SURVIVAL & SAFE MOTHERHOOD

PROGRAMME (CSSM)

Child survival & safe motherhood programme are mainlybeneficial for mother & also children. The package servicesunder CSSM is available for children are:

Essential new born care: The main components of

essential new born care are resuscitation of new born withasphyxia, prevention of hypothermia, prevention ofinfection, exclusive breast feeding & reference of low birth

weight & sick new born. The primary goal of essential new

born care is to reduce perinatal & neonatal mortality.Immunization: Universal immunization programme

becomes a part of CSSM programme. It will continue toproduce vaccine for Polio, DPT, DT, Measles &

Tuberculosis.


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Appropriate management of diarrhea: Diarrhea is oneof the leading causes of child mortality. ORS therapy statedin 1986-87 is being implemented through RCHprogramme. Adequate nutritional care of the child withdiarrhea & proper advice to mother on feeding.

Appropriate management of ARI: The standard caremanagement of ARI & prevention of death due topneumonia. Peripheral health worker are being trained to

recognize & treat pneumonia.Vitamin A Prophylaxis: It is estimated that a large

number of children suffer from clinical deficiency of Vit A.Under the programme, 5 doses of Vit. A are given to allchildren under 3 years of age.

CHILD SURVIVAL & SAFE MOTHERHOOD

PROGRAMME (CSSM) contd


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NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICYGovernment of India adopted the National Policy on

Nutrition in 1993. It aims to identify vulnerable groups,who require immediate intervention to improve theirnutritional status. At the same time, it also identifies

key areas for action in the field of food production,supply, information, education, rural development,healthcare, monitoring & surveillance.

National nutritional policy includes nutritionintervention through:

Fortification of essential foods.

Control of micronutrient deficiency.


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Improvement of dietary pattern through production &demonstration.

Land reforms.

Popularization of low cost nutritious food.Public distribution system.

Prevention of food adulteration.

Health & family welfare.

Nutrition surveillance &

Communication & community participation.

NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICY contd


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As a sequel to adaptation of national nutrition policy,Ministry of Human resources development has chalked outof National Plan of Action on Nutrition (NPAN). It willserve as a guiding force & frame-work for implementationof multi-sectoral strategy to achieve the nutritional goals.

Reduction in severe & moderate malnutrition among pre-school children. Reduction in incidence of Low Birth Weight(LBW) to


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NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY (2000)

National population policy has set the following goalsfor the year 2010.

Infant mortality rate


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NATIONAL CHARTER (DEFINING RIGHTS)

FOR CHILDREN 2003Free & Compulsory Education to all children (6-14 years).No child


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NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR CHILDREN 2005Reduce IMR (Infant Mortality Rate)


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LEGISLATIONS IN RELATION TO CHILD WELFARESPECIAL LAWS RELATING TO CHILDREN Today, children are recognized as complete persons & they

have legal constitutional rights that are independent fromtheir parents. When the children are too young to care forthemselves. Parents or their substitutes are required toprovide food, clothings shelter, education & medical care

for them. They also expected to consider love, support &protection. Some laws are formulated by government to protect the

rights of children.VALUES & ETHICS

To care for clients & to assist in curing, it is important fornurses to understand their own attitudes based on their

values & ethical beliefs. Values serve to guide to life, theyprovide a base for living & a direction in which to love &grow.


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VALUES & ETHICS contdValues are a set of national beliefs & attitudes about

the truth, worth of any thought, object and behavior.They are action oriented & give direction & meaning toones life.

Young peoples who have grown up under the

influences of the mass media, may no longer affect oreven receive valued & ethical guidelines from theirparents & teachers to help them in making manyjudgments needed in life today.

Nurses who themselves have been assisted usingthe valuing process & are comfortable with it, may beable to help client use the same processes in theirefforts to achieve the health.


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THE CHILD ACTS1) The Children Act, 1960 (amended in 1977) in India,

Provides for the care maintenance, welfare, training,education & rehabilitation of the delinquent child.

It covers the neglected, destitute, sociallyhandicapped, un-controllable, victimized &delinquent children.

In Article 39 (f ), the constitution of India provides

that the state shall in particular direct its policytowards securing that childhood & youth are protectedagainst moral & material abandonment.


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The Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 Provides a comprehensive scheme for care, protection,treatment, development & rehabilitation of delinquent

juveniles.

Some of the special features of the act are:

It provides a uniform legal framework for Juvenile Justice inthe country, so as to ensure that no child under anycircumstances is put in jail or police lockup.

It approaches towards prevention & treatment of Juveniledelinquencies in keeping with the developmental needs of

children.It establishes norms & standards for Juvenile justice in

terms of investigations care, treatment & rehabilitation.

It lays down appropriate linkage & coordination betweenformal system of Juvenile Justice & voluntary organizations.


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The Child Labour act 1986 Child labor is applied due to poverty, unemployment &

lack of education.

A great deal of efforts are needed to eliminate thesebasic needs.

It is not feasible to abolish child labour entirely in the

present context, but it is expedient to such childrenagainst abuse, teach about hazards & regulate theconditions of work in occupations where child labor ispermitted.


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Expect in the process of security based on recognizedschool based activities, children are not permitted to workin occupation concerned with:

Passengers goods, mail, transport by railways.

Carpet weaving. Cylinder picking, cleaning of ash pits.

Cement manufacturing.

Building construction operations.

Cloth printing. Manufacturing of matches, explosives.

Beedi making.

Wool cleaning.

Printing etc.

The Child Labour act 1986


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Child abuse prevention &

treatment act 1974 This act provides a rational centered approach on child

abuse &child neglected, makes funds available forresearch identification of causes, prevention &treatment for the establishment of regional child abusecenters.


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Health maintenance organization

act 1973 This act is to assist & encourage the local & state

government on profit organization, insurancecompanies & agency to change the health deliverysystem so that improved care could be provided. Thisservice includes other illness & wellness related care.


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Education for all handicapped

children act 1975

A state mandated divisional special education within thedepartment of education, provides services with basedon children need & special programs services throughtheir division of maturation.

The new Act has come into force from 2nd October1987, after rectification of the inadequacies of theChildren Act (1960).


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The needs of children & our duties towards them are

enshrined in our constitution. The relevant articlesare as follows-

Article 24 prohibits employment of children below theage of 14years in factories.

Article 39 prevents abuse of children of tender age.Article 45 provides the free & compulsory education

for all children until they complete the age of 14 years.

Other important Acts for child welfare are:

The Child Marriage Restraint Act 1978.

The Adoptions & Maintenance Act, 1956.


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Special attention has been given to the welfare ofchildren in the five year plans by the Government ofIndia. Various schemes & programs have beenintroduced & implemented to achieve the goals ofchild health services.

Healthy children are future healthy citizens of the

countries.So every attempt should be made towards better

tomorrow for better survival of this better group & tohelp them to grow into healthy adult.

Promotion of child health should receive priorityattention in all levels as new challenge of the 21stcentury. WHO, IN 2005, emphasizes on healthymothers & children.


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The aims & objectives of World Health Day, 2005,

Is to create momentum that compel nationalgovernments, international community, civil society &individuals to take action to ensure the health & wellbeing of mothers & children.

These can be achieved by raising awareness, increasing

understanding about the existing solutions &generating movement to stimulate collectiveresponsibility & action to improve the survival, health& wellbeing of all mothers & children.


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The organization & agencies at the national level thatprovide informilization helpful to children withhandicapping conditioned these organization

providing education programmes for each child.

Pre-school program for children aged 5 yearsinvolves knowledge about the law in their state ofresidence which helps to families in obtaining goodhealth & services for the children.


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Childrens rights & children advocacy are very closelyrelated for the health care professional. It is importantfor the nurse to ensure that information is free flowing

between parents & their children, children & healthcare providers & among parents, & so health personnelshould be aware of current children act to protect therights of children.


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