NPEA.pdf
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National Political Institutes of Education 1 National Political Institutes of Education Library stamp of NPEA Vienna-Theresianum National Political Institutes of Education (German: Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten; officially abbreviated NPEA, commonly abbreviated Napola for Nationalpolitische Lehranstalt meaning National Political Institution of Teaching) were secondary boarding schools in Nazi Germany. They were founded as "community education sites" after the National Socialist seizure of power in 1933. Overview The goal of the schools was to raise a new generation for the political, military, and administrative leadership of the Nazi state. Therefore, life at the NPEA's was dominated by military discipline. [1] Only boys and girls considered to be "racially flawless" were admitted to the boarding schools. This meant that no children with poor hearing or vision were accepted. "Above-average intelligence" was also required, so that those looking to be admitted had to complete 8-day entrance exams. [2] Life in boys' Napolas was often very competitive and frequently brutal. Approximately one fifth of all cadets washed out or were sent home because of injuries sustained in training accidents. The official descriptor (rank) of a Napola cadet was “Jungmann”, used similarly to the term “Cadet” in American military schools. Napola cadets were between 11 and 18 years of age. The percentage of Jungmannen (Plural of "Jungmann") who eventually entered the SS was much higher than in the general German population- 13% compared to 1.8%. [3] The National Socialist worldview was considered paramount in Napola education. A prominent belief among the cadets themselves was that of "Endsieg" or Final Victory. Many of them were utilized as child soldiers and met their deaths in the last months of the war. The first three NPEA's were founded in 1933 by the Minister of Education Bernhard Rust in Plön, Potsdam, and Köslin. The schools responded directly to the Reich Ministry for Education, rather than to any states like regular schools. From 1936, the NPEA's were subordinated to the Inspector of the National Political Institutes of Education and SS Obergruppenführer August Heissmeyer. From 1939, they were part of the Hauptamt Dienststelle SS-Obergruppenführer Heißmeyer. Therewith the schools were under the direct influence of the SS and Heißmeier pressured teachers to join this organization. He also considered introducing uniforms and ranks similar to the SS among students and teachers. By 1941, there were a total of 30 NPEA's with 6,000 students enrolled in all of Nazi Germany. In 1942, there were 33 schools- 30 for boys and 3 for girls. By the end of the war 43 schools existed. School Locations
description
history
Transcript of NPEA.pdf
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National Political Institutes of Education 1
National Political Institutes of Education
Library stamp of NPEA Vienna-Theresianum
National Political Institutes of Education(German: NationalpolitischeErziehungsanstalten; officially abbreviatedNPEA, commonly abbreviated Napola forNationalpolitische Lehranstalt meaningNational Political Institution of Teaching)were secondary boarding schools in NaziGermany. They were founded as"community education sites" after theNational Socialist seizure of power in 1933.
OverviewThe goal of the schools was to raise a new generation for the political, military, and administrative leadership of theNazi state. Therefore, life at the NPEA's was dominated by military discipline.[1] Only boys and girls considered tobe "racially flawless" were admitted to the boarding schools. This meant that no children with poor hearing or visionwere accepted. "Above-average intelligence" was also required, so that those looking to be admitted had to complete8-day entrance exams.[2] Life in boys' Napolas was often very competitive and frequently brutal. Approximately onefifth of all cadets washed out or were sent home because of injuries sustained in training accidents. The officialdescriptor (rank) of a Napola cadet was Jungmann, used similarly to the term Cadet in American military schools.Napola cadets were between 11 and 18 years of age.The percentage of Jungmannen (Plural of "Jungmann") who eventually entered the SS was much higher than in thegeneral German population- 13% compared to 1.8%.[3] The National Socialist worldview was considered paramountin Napola education. A prominent belief among the cadets themselves was that of "Endsieg" or Final Victory. Manyof them were utilized as child soldiers and met their deaths in the last months of the war.The first three NPEA's were founded in 1933 by the Minister of Education Bernhard Rust in Pln, Potsdam, andKslin. The schools responded directly to the Reich Ministry for Education, rather than to any states like regularschools. From 1936, the NPEA's were subordinated to the Inspector of the National Political Institutes of Educationand SS Obergruppenfhrer August Heissmeyer. From 1939, they were part of the Hauptamt DienststelleSS-Obergruppenfhrer Heimeyer. Therewith the schools were under the direct influence of the SS and Heimeierpressured teachers to join this organization. He also considered introducing uniforms and ranks similar to the SSamong students and teachers. By 1941, there were a total of 30 NPEA's with 6,000 students enrolled in all of NaziGermany. In 1942, there were 33 schools- 30 for boys and 3 for girls. By the end of the war 43 schools existed.
School Locations
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National Political Institutes of Education 2
City Official Title Region Date offounding
Buildings Former Use
Pln NPEA Pln Schleswig-Holstein 1. May1933
Stabila (abbr. Staatliche Bildungsanstalt/NationalEducation Facility)
Potsdam NPEA Potsdam Mark Brandenburg 26. May1933
Stabila
Kslin NPEA Kslin Pomerania (Today Poland) 15. July1933
Stabila
Berlin-Spandau NPEABerlin-Spandau
Berlin 30 January1934
Prussian Academy for Gymnastics; school forteachers
Naumburg NPEA Naumburg Prussian Province of Saxony 15. March1934
Stabila/Military school
Ilfeld NPEA Ilfeld Prussian province ofHanover/Prussian Province ofSaxony
20. April1934
Cloisters/Seminary
Wahlstatt NPEA Wahlstatt Silesia (Today Poland) 9. April1934
Stabila
Oranienstein NPEA Oranienstein Prussian province ofHesse-Nassau
1934 military school/Realgymnasium/Castle
Stuhm NPEA Stuhm East Prussia
(Today Poland)
1. October1934
Barracks
Ballenstedt NPEA Anhalt Anhalt May 1934 City Gymnasium (secondary school)
Sonnenstein castle Adolf Hitler Schule Gau Saxony September1942
Action T4 hospice[4]
Dresden Klotzsche NPEA DresdenKlotzsche
Saxony 1. April1934
Landesschule
Backnang NPEA Backnang Wrttemberg 2. May1934
Teacher Seminary
Bensberg NPEA Bensberg Prussian Rhine Province 1. June1935
military school/Castle
Schulpforta NPEA Schulpforta Prussian Province of Saxony 1. July 1935 Landesschule zu Pforta (state school Pforta, currently"Landesschule Pforta" in Saxony-Anhalt)
Rottweil NPEA Rottweil Wrttemberg 1. April1936
Catholic Seminary
Neuzelle NPEA Neuzelle Mark Brandenburg 1934/1938 Abbey (Stift), Boarding school for girls
Wien-Theresianum NPEAWien-Theresianum
Vienna
(Austria)
13. March1939
Academy
Wien-Breitensee NPEAWien-Breitensee
Vienna
(Austria)
13. March1939
Austrian Federal School (Bundeserziehungsanstalt)(Kommandogebude Theodor Krner part of theBreitensee Barracks in Vienna)
Traiskirchen NPEA Traiskirchen Lower Danube
(Austria)
13. March1939
Austrian Federal School (Bundeserziehungsanstalt)
Ploschkowitz NPEA Sudetenland Sudetenland
(Today Czech Republic)
10. October1940
Castle
Reisen NPEA Wartheland Warthegau (Today Poland) 1940 Polish boarding school for boys in Rydzyna Castle
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National Political Institutes of Education 3
Loben NPEA Loben (East-) Upper Silesia (TodayPoland)
1. April1941
School for children with speech impediments
Putbus NPEA Rgen Pomerania 1.September1941
Pdagogium (Stift)
Reichenau NPEA Reichenau Baden 1941 Hospice
St. Wendel NPEA St. Wendel Saarland 1.September1941
International School of the Steyler Mission
Weierhof b.Marnheim
NPEA amDonnersberg
Bavaria (Saar Palatinate) 1941 "Gau-Oberschule" (Reich regional secondaryschool?)
St. Paul/Lavanttal NPEA Spanheim inKrnten
Carinthia (Austria) 1941 Benedictine Abbey
Vorau NPEA Gottweig Styria (Austria) January1943
Augustine Abbey
Seckau NPEA Seckau Styria (Austria) 1941 Benedictine Abbey (Stift)
Rufach NPEA Rufach Alsace (Today France) Oktober1940
Hospice
Haselnne NPEA Emsland Prussian province of Hanover 17. October1941
Cloister/Seminary for the Ursuline Order
Neubeuern NPEA Neubeuern Bavaria May 1942 Castle and state boarding school
St. Veit NPEA St. Veit Carinthia (Austria) July 1942 Catholic Seminary and Gymnasium
Mokritz NPEA Mokritz Styria (Austria) 1942 Castle
Achern NPEA Achern Baden August1943
The Illenau Sanatorium and Hospice
Kuttenberg (KutnaHora)
NPEA Bhmen (Protectorate of Bohemia andMoravia) Czech Republicoutside of Sudetenland
22. April1944
Jesuit College and Barracks
Well-known former studentsWell-known former students of National Political Institutes of Education include: Lothar-Gnther Buchheim (author and painter) Heinz Drr (businessman) Jrg Andrees Elten (journalist) Manfred Ewald (athletic official) Alfred Herrhausen (businessman) Horst Janssen (printmaker) Hellmuth Karasek (journalist and author) Hardy Krger (actor) Johannes Poeppel (general) Theo Sommer (journalist) Rdiger von Wechmar (diplomat) Heinz Hitler (nephew of Adolf Hitler)
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National Political Institutes of Education 4
MovieNapola (also known as Before the Fall), a film set in an NPEA, was released in 2004. It was directed by DennisGansel and starred Tom Schilling and Max Riemelt. Gansel's grandfather had been a former Napola student.
References[1] (German)Kleinhans, Bernd: Das Erbe der NAPOLA - von Christian Schneider (http:/ / www. shoa. de/ content/ view/ 305/ 389/ ) in
shoa.de. Retrieved October 1, 2006.[2] Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten (http:/ / www. aeiou. at/ aeiou. encyclop. n/ n112244. htm;internal& action=_setlanguage.
action?LANGUAGE=en) in Austrian Lexicon. Retrieved October 1, 2006.[3] Die Elite-Schule der Nazis (http:/ / www. abendblatt. de/ daten/ 2005/ 01/ 13/ 386523. html)[4] http:/ / www. aktion-zivilcourage. de/ Archiv_Angebot_fuer_Schulen_Zeitzeugengespraeche_zur_Adolf-Hitler-Schule_Pirna_. 493d3205/
NotesThis article incorporates information from the revision as of October 1, 2006 of the equivalent article on theGerman Wikipedia.
External links Hitler Youth Forum (http:/ / www. hitlerjugend. net)
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Article Sources and Contributors 5
Article Sources and ContributorsNational Political Institutes of Education Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=379836158 Contributors: Andrewpmk, Bobrayner, Carabinieri, Darwinek, Ekem, EliasAlucard,Glennscr, Gregmg, HJF2, HerkusMonte, J-beda, Kusma, NPEA Reichenau, Perebourne, RCS, Refdoc, Rjwilmsi, Valentinian, 16 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsImage:Napola.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Napola.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Antitotalitarium at de.wikipedia
LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unportedhttp:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/
National Political Institutes of EducationOverviewSchool LocationsWell-known former studentsMovieReferencesNotes External links
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