NOx Emission FactorsBravo Robert, terrific progress!!

Robert Fowler

ME 449: Sustainable Air Quality

April 2001

Table of Contents

• Objective of work

• Major contributors for NOx emissions

• Emission factor equations

• Data sources

• Summary

• Recommendations

Objective

• Show emission inventory calculations

MethodWeb search and EPA manual AP-42

(Make the link here)

Major Contributors to NOx

• Transportation - gas and diesel vehicles

• Fuel combustion - power plants

• Industrial Processes - waste disposal/petroleum refinery

• (NOX Emissions pie?)

Nox EmissionsFuel

Combustion41%

Industrial Processes

7%

Transportation52%

Transportation emission equation

Driving factors: Emission factor and vehicle miles traveled

Equation for emission factor

EF = (BER*OMTCF+OMTTAM)*SALCHF*TF

• BER - basic emission rate

• OMTCF - operating mode/temperature correction factor

• OMTTAM - Tampering offset

• SALCHF - Speed correction factor

• TF - Travel fraction

To get the emission inventory:

EI = EF * VMT

Fuel combustion emission equation

Driving factors: emission factor & quantity of fuel consumed

Emission factor: Mass of pollutant/mass of fuel (or output)

•Boilers - lb NOx/ton fuel

•ICE’s - lb NOx/hp-hr power output and lb NOx/MMBtu fuel input

•Gas turbines - lb NOx/MMBtu fuel

•Stationary diesels - lb NOx/hp-hr power output and lb NOx/MMBtu fuel input

•Stationary dual fuel engines - lb NOx/hp-hr power output and lb NOx/MMBtu fuel input

Industrial Processes emission equations

Driving factors: Emission factor and mass of fuel burned

Emission factor: mass pollutant/mass (or volume) fuel

• Solid waste disposal - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton refuse

• Sewage sludge - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton sludge

• Medical - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton refuse

• Open burning - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton refuse

• Auto Body - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton refuse

• Evaporation losses - g/drum or lb/drum

• Petroleum refineries - kg NOx/103 L fresh feed; lb NOx/1000 bbl (barrel) fresh feed; kg NOx/1000

m3 gas burned; lb NOx/1000 ft3 gas burned; kg NOx/103 L refinery feed; lb NOx/1000 bbl refinery feed

Data Source

• Transportation data - EPA AP-42 Vol II Appendix G

• Fuel combustion and industrial processes - EPA AP-42 Vol I Chapter 1-5, 11

(Add web links)

Summary

• The major contributors of NOx emissions

• How emission inventory is determined

• Where data came from

Conclusion• NOx emissions still too high (stick to the topics you covered )

Recommendations• Look over the data and see where some of the controls added to try

and clean the pollutant from the emission is actually doing more harm than good.

• Try to cut down on the amount of production of fuel sources that needs to be burned to be used.

• (think of putting the above message in more specific terms – I.e. which parts of the emission factors could be reduced– by engineering

– by …..