November, 27 2009 – Goethe Centre Nicosia
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Transcript of November, 27 2009 – Goethe Centre Nicosia
ENERGY SERVICE
MCIT
REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS
Solon KassinisDirector of Energy Service
Ministry of Commerce, Industry & TourismRepublic of Cyprus
November, 27 2009 – Goethe Centre Nicosia
Cyprus Climate ConferenceCyprus Climate Conference
“Cyprus' Current Energy Policy & The Possibilities for Renewable Energies”
Presentation Outline
I. Cyprus Energy System – Main Indicators
II. Cyprus Energy Policy – RES & Energy Saving
III. Legislation – RES & Energy Saving
IV.RES Potential
V. RES Evolution
VI.RES Targets
VII.Development of RES – Measures & Tools
VIII.Energy Saving – Measures & Tools
Cyprus Energy System: Main Indicators
Oil Products95.9%
Solid Fuels1.0%
RES3.1%
Oil Products73.9%
RES4.5%
Solid Fuels1.4%
ElectricityHFO&Diesel
20.2%
Primary Energy Consumption – 2008 Final Energy Consumption – 2008
Transport (Air)15%
Household16%
Commerce & Services
11% Agriculture2%
Industry16%
Transport (Road)40%
Final Energy Consumption by Sector – 2008 Cost of Oil Products Import
(19% of the country's total imports - 2008)
0
150
300
450
600
750
900
1050
1200
1350
1500
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Mill. Euros
Cyprus Energy System: Main Indicators
1500
1575
1650
1725
1800
1875
1950
2025
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
ktoe
Final Energy Consumption (2.6% mean annual increase)
2800
3050
3300
3550
3800
4050
4300
4550
4800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
GW
h
Final Electricity Consumption(6.8% mean annual increase)
050
100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950
1,000
Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Nov-08 Dec-08
Average DAY Average Night
MW
Seasonal Fluctuation in Electricity Demand
Energy System in Cyprus: Key Characteristics
• Isolated energy system
• High degree of dependence on imported oil
• High increase rates of energy consumption
• High cost of energy supply
• Electricity generation is almost 100% oil fired and absorbs on average, 42% of the total primary energy consumption
• Limited oil storage capacity
• Energy intensiveness of the economy, particularly in the passenger transport sector
• Seasonality on energy demand
• Environmental constrains
• High potential of rational use of energy and energy conservation
• Significant potential of renewable sources
Cyprus Energy Policy
Security of energy supply
Contribution of the energy sector to the productivity and competitiveness of the national economy
Environmental protection and sustainable development
Clean Energy
AdequateEnergy
Secure Energy
Cost EffectiveEnergy
Main Objectives
Cyprus Energy Policy – RES & Energy Saving
Maximizing the efficient use of domestic resources of renewable energy
Saving energy both in primary form and in energy end-use Promote RES in electricity and heat generation Replace oil in the area of transportation with biofuels Promote efficient electricity and heat co-generation in industries Adopt investments in RES based on the criterion of the overall net
benefit Making efficient use of energy by putting into place mechanisms that
give incentives to users Efficiently develop RES stations based on physical planning Limit bureaucracy and simplify all licensing procedures Growth “energy awareness”
Main Priorities
Legislative Framework for RES & Energy Saving
• Promotion of Energy Conservation and the Encouragement of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources Law (2003)
• Procedures for licensing and interconnecting wind and photovoltaic installations to the national grid
• Integrated land planning policy for large RES developments
• Energy Performance of Building Law (2006 & 2009)
• Energy End-Use Efficiency and Energy Services Law (2009)
• Promotion of Biofuels for Transport Law (2005 & 2006)
• Promotion of Combined Heat and Power Law (2006)
• Eco Design for Energy Using Product Law (2007)
RES Potential
• The average wind speed in some areas, which is suitable for the installation of wind farms, is about 5-6 m/s
Wind Energy
LimitationsLimited potential for wind energy generationLand planning problems (Cyprus, developed
tourism country)Oppositions of local communities Conflict with real estate (touristic) development
Overall annual solar irradiation received by a solar collector
RES Potential
• Cyprus enjoys more than 300days with 75% of sunshine
• Cyprus holds the unofficial “World Record” in solar water heating with almost every household having a system installed (more that 750,000m2 of solar collectors installed)
Solar Energy
RES Potential
• More that 3.2MW of PV systems have been installed
• Per capita, Cyprus ranks the 6th highest in the EU with 2Wp per head of population
Solar Energy
LimitationsLow efficiencyHigh capital investment (very high initial cost)Need very high subsidies in order to be viableR&D
RES Potential
• Significant amount of agricultural residues• Significant biogas potential (exploitation of agricultural
residues, waste disposal plants, exploitation of landfill gas from the waste disposal plants)
Biomass
Limitations/Obstacles Limited suitable agricultural landWater ScarcityHigh dependence on imports to satisfy the targets (indicative and
mandatory targets)High cost of imports
Biofuels
RES Evolution
2.6 2.7
3.5
4.5
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0
%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
% RES in the Final Energy Consumption
Solar : 2.84 %Biomass : 0.88 %Biofuels : 0.72 %Electricity (PV, biomass) : 0.06 %
Solar
Biomass
Biofuels
Electricity (PV &
Biomass)
RES Evolution
05
1015202530354045505560
ktoe
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Solar Thermal – Energy Production
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
kW
2005 2006 2007 2008 Oct.2009
On Grid Off Grid Total
Installed PV Systems (Cumulative)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
GWh/yr
2005 2006 2007 2008 Oct.2009
On Grid Off Grid Total
Electricity Production- PV Systems
56ktoe
3.2MW
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
ktoe
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
kW
2007 2008 Oct. 2009
On Grid Off Grid Total
RES Evolution
Biomass – Energy Production
Electricity Production- Biogas (Cumulative)
Electricity Production- Biogas
17.4ktoe
4.4MW
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
GWh/yr
2007 2008 Oct. 2009
On Grid Off Grid Total
2 new biogas plants (total capacity of 1MW) are expected to operate at the beginning of 2010
RES Evolution
Wind Energy
• First Wind Farm 82MW• Online: end 2010• It will contribute to electricity
production by 2-3%
Biofuels
• One company has been registered for the production of biofuels (7,460 tn for the year 2008)
• 200 tn/yr for own use• 2% (in the energy content) annual mandatory substitution of transport
fuels with biofuels• Substitution of diesel up to 4-5% v/v with biodiesel. No substitution of
petrol with bioethanol
RES – Targets
4.5
23.1
0.3 2.53.8
6
13
10
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
2008 2010 2020
%
RES contribution to the primary energy consumption (indicative target)
RES contribution to the final energy consumption (compulsory target)
Electricity production from RES (indicative target)
RES share in the overall transport petrol and diesel consumption (compulsory target)
Biofuels in overall transport petrol and diesel production (indicative target)
CurrentStatus
Development of RES – Measures & Tools
Financing programmes for the support and implementation of RES
The allocation of an explicit RES development roadmap
The elimination of the administrative barriers that prevent the development of RES
Measures of raising public awareness
Financing Tool for the Support of RES
• A Special Fund has been created aiming at support of RES and Energy Saving investments in Cyprus. The revenues (almost €10M) of this fund are coming from the consumers paying an additional tax of 0.22 eurocents/kWh
• Implementation of a Programme with a view to encouraging RES Utilisation
• Provides financial incentives (capital or/and operational aid) in the promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
EAC GridElectricity
Consumers
RES Power Producers Special Fund
0.22cent/kWh
subsidy (feed in tariff)
ElectricityCash Flow
Local Authorities2% of Gross Income(wind, biomass, CSP)
Grant Scheme for RES
• Total number of submitted applications (2004-Nov. 2009): 20,245
• Total amount granted (2004-Nov. 2009): 19.2 million Euros
(~ 6.46 million Euros have been allocated within the year 2009)
0.561.05
3.68
7.47
6.46
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
783
1995
3899
5512
7846
210
-500
1000
2500
4000
5500
7000
8500
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Submitted Applications Allocated Funds (mil. €)
Grant Scheme for RES
• Grant subsidy 15-55% (depends on the type of subsidy, natural or legal entity)
• Large Scale RES Installations: Feed in tariff policy – 20 years Wind systems: €0.166/kWh Solar Thermal: €0.26/kWh PV systems (21-150KW): €0.34/kWh (limitation 2MW/year) Biomass exploitation systems: €0.135/kWh Biogas exploitation systems: €0.1145/kWh
• Main Categories Wind energy systems Solar thermal systems Photovoltaic systems Biomass and biogas utilization Geothermal pumps
Incentives
RES Development
Experimental testing of:
• solar collectors,
• solar water heating systems
Solar Systems Laboratory
RES Projects Co-Funded by EU
• Installation of PV systems in Schools/Governmental Buildings/Army Camps (1.1MW, 65 installations)
• Solar Heating/Cooling Systems in Governmental Buildings (1MW)
• Concentrated Solar Power station
RES Development Program
The proposed action plan includes large scale RES projects for electricity generation for the period 2009-2013 with the possibility of implementing the projects by 2015
RES Roadmap 2009-2013
0
50
100
150
200
250
MW
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Wind PV CSP Biomass Biogas
Wind : 165MWSolar Thermal: 25MWPV : 14MWBiomass : 4MWBiogas : 3MW------------------------------Total : 211MW
Projection (end 2010) – Optimum Scenarios
• On Grid Small PV Systems from 2.5MW (today) 9.6MW at the end of 2010 (Including 1.1MW from the installation on Public Schools, Governmental Buildings and Army Camps)
• Biomass Systems expected 9.5MW total installations at the end of 2010
• Wind Parks 82MW approved already and is expected to have installations up to 124MW at the end of 2010
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 End 2010
Total KW
PV systems
155 423 266 746 1,089 6,951 9,629
Biomass - - 250 3,060 245 6,000 9,555
Wind - - - - 124,000 124,000
Electricity Production/Cost – Comparison PV-Wind Parks-Biomass (at the end of 2010)
Biomass23%
Wind64%
PV13%
Biomass21%
Wind73%
PV6%
Electricity Production RES-E (2010)
Cost Distribution per kWh Produced(PV cost was normalized to €0.35/kWh)
Estimation for Electricity Consumption by technology (end 2010)
1.40%
3.38%
0.34%
5.21%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
Biomass Wind PV Total
RES Development Program
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
GW
h h
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
GW
h g
Electricity Consumption RES-E
RES Development Plan Contribution in Electricity Consumption
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
ktoe
h
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
ktoe
g
Final Consumption RES
RES Contribution in Final Consumption
5.8% electricity production from RES
9% RES contribution in final energy consumption(aviation capping mechanism was taken account)
Elimination of the Administrative Barriers
• The Energy Service of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourist has undertaken the role of “one stop shop” in order to:
• Expedite the procedures
• Facilitate the materialization of investments for the promotion of alternative energy sources and energy conservation technologies.
• Fair and transparent terms for connection of an electricity producer from RES to the national grid
• Existence of energy market rules which eliminate distortions
Barriers to the Development of RES
Barriers related to permission proceduresIdentification of bottleneck organizations
Barriers related to permission proceduresKnowledge about procedures for the whole licensing chain
Barriers to the Development of RES
Barriers related to grid issuesIs cost estimates for grid connection provided by transmission operator transparent?
Barriers related to grid issuesIs cost estimates for grid connection provided by transmission operator discriminatory?
Energy Saving – Measures & Tools
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (in conformity with EU Directive on Energy Services) The target (above requirements) consists to 10% by 2016
It will be reached by applying cost effective energy efficiency improvement measures and domestic RES
Priorities are buildings, transport and industry
• Buildings: Implementation of the energy performance buildings directive
• 21.12.2007: Regulations for minimum energy efficiency requirements for new buildings
• 01. 01.2010: Energy Performance Certification
Mandatory installation of Solar water heaters on domestic houses from 1.1.2010
Financial support scheme providing grants and subsidies for energy efficiency investments
For the tertiary sector grants are given for any technology which satisfies the 10% savings criterion. Emphasis is given to efficient electricity use.
CFL lamps: Cyprus Government provides 6 lamps for each household 2007: 300,000 CFL, €580,000
2008: 360,000 CFL, €695,000
2010: 1,070,000 CFL, €1,000,000
Energy Saving – Measures & Tools
• Industry: The main tool used for energy savings is the governmental financial support
scheme. Emphasis is given to heat recovery, efficient use of electricity, CHP.
• Transformation sector:• Introduction of natural gas and CCGT technology
• Transport: Governmental support schemes for purchasing of hybrid, electric, FFV,
low emissions vehicles (120g CO2/km) School bus
• Public Sector: Awareness raising and education of civil servants on simple measures and
behaviour to save energy in the workplace
• Energy Label: Energy labelling for appliances is operating successfully in Cyprus and market
surveillance authorities provide data that a minimum 80% are labelled in shops
Financing Tool for the Support of Energy Saving
• Provides financial incentives (capital aid) in the promotion of Energy Saving
ElectricityConsumers
Energy SavingInvestments
Special Fund0.22cent/kWh grant
• Grant subsidy 15-35%(depends on the type of subsidy, natural or legal entity)
• Main Categories Energy conservation: Heat insulation Hybrid, electric, dual propulsion, low emissions vehicle Cogeneration of Electricity and Heating/Cooling
Incentives
Grant Scheme for Energy Saving
• Total number of submitted applications (2004-Nov. 2009): 27,464
• Total amount granted (2004-Nov. 2009): 27.56 million Euros
(~ 9.46 million Euros have been allocated within the year 2009)
0.311.04
6.31
10.439.47
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
169742
57366524
10384
3909
0
1500
3000
4500
6000
7500
9000
10500
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Submitted Applications Allocated Funds (mil. €)
Raising Public Awareness
• Save Energy exhibitions
• Public hearings and RES info days
• School presentations to promote “energy awareness”
Exploiting the Opportunities Offered by the CDM & European Emissions Trading Scheme (or others)
• Preparation of a government strategy and action plan for exploiting the opportunities offered by CDM and EU-ETS for the period 2008-2012 and 2013-2020
• Up to date two wind farms and two biogas installations have been registered with the CDM mechanism and four other projects are under validation
• All projects are in the Renewable Energy Sector
How long is “The Road to Copenhagen”?
• Kyoto Protocol: Much Action – Little Effect
• New Approach is Needed:
• A carbon tax instead of emission trading mechanism
• A carbon tax based on production of carbon and not on consumption
• A policy framework promoting clean technologies with economically viable
and long-term solutions
• R&D for new energy and other environment technologies
• Changing attitude
Thank you for your attention!