November 18, 2008 What caused WWI to begin? Map Discussion M.A.I.N. causes Assassination of the...
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Transcript of November 18, 2008 What caused WWI to begin? Map Discussion M.A.I.N. causes Assassination of the...
November 18, November 18, 20082008What caused WWI to begin? Map DiscussionM.A.I.N. causesAssassination of the Arch Duke
The BattlesHomework: Ch. 19 Section 1 Part 2
Rough Drafts due Dec. 3Rough Drafts due Dec. 3rdrd Things to keep in mind:
You always indent the first sentence of each paragraph
Never use “I” in a formal paperProofread your paper and have someone else read it too
Do not use contractions (they’re, won’t, don’t, can’t, etc…)
Terms for Section 1 Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism
Archduke Franz FerdinandDomino EffectBattle of MarneBattle of YpresBattle of VerdunBattle of SommeBattle of Tannenburg
THE GREAT WARTHE GREAT WAR
Nationalism devotion to the interests and
culture of one’s nations Various ethnic groups
resented domination by others and longed for independence
Small nations looked to larger nations for protection
Another Look at Nationalisma sense of greatness of who they werepatriotism + sense of superiority that
calls for the conquering of the inferior
ImperialismImperialismEuropean nations building empires, extending their control over various peoples of the world
As Germany industrialized, it competed with France and Britain in a contest for colonies
By 1890, the strongest nation on the European continent was Germany, which had set up an army reserve system that drafted and trained young men
Britain was initially alarmed by Germany’s military expansion
As an island, British always relied on naval power (strongest in the world)
Wilhelm II, Germany’s Kaiser, said that his nation should become a major sea power in order to compete successfully against British
British & German shipyards compete to build the largest battleships and destroyers
France, Italy, Japan, & U.S. join naval arms race
Let’s Meet the Powers Great Britain France Russia Germany Ottoman Empire Austria-Hungary
Alliance SystemAlliance System Designed to keep the balance of
power in Europe By 1907 there were two major
defense alliances:The Triple Entente (the Allies)-France, Britain, and Russia
The Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Alliances provided international security as nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of power
It would later cause a “Great War”
The “Powder Keg”The Balkan Peninsula:World Powers fighting over land for years
Russia wanted warm water routeGermany wanted rail linkAustria-Hungary wanted to expand
France and Great Britain wanted Ottoman Empire to remain
Events of Leading to War
June 28Archduke Franz Ferdinand
assassinatedJuly 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on
Serbia
July 30 Russia mobilizes; France sends troops close to German border
July 31Germany sends the “Blank Check” to Austria-Hungary
August 1France & Germany fully mobilize; Germany declares war on Russia
August 3 France and Germany declare war on each other
August 4 Germany invades Belgium; Great Britain and Belgium declare war on Germany
August 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
Domino Effect Review:Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Serbia’s big brother (Russia) joins the fight
Germany declares war on France Germany attacks through Belgium
Great Britain declares war on Germany
The Schlieffen Plan
The Pinwheel MovementGermany’s plan of attackBoth offensive and defensive
Relied on rapid defeat of FranceRussian army take 6 weeks to
mobilizeAvoiding two-front war Violated Belgium’s neutrality
Enticing French by putting men at the border
While French focus on them, the largest portion of German army come behind them
ProblemsUnderestimated Speed of the French
Did not understand the difficulty of communication to its many armies
Not all commanders going according to plan
France Plan XVII
The PlanRecapture land lost in the Lorraine Gap
Go south, through the Lorraine Gap, and attack the Germans
PROBLEM:Didn’t count on Germans going through Belgium
The BattlesMarneYpresVerdunSommeTennenburg
Battle of the MarneSeptember 5–9, 1914Marne River, East of ParisStopped Germany’s rapid advancePrevented the fall of ParisSet the stage for trench warfare
Battle of Ypres: The first time Germany used chemical weapons on a large scale on the Western Front
Battle of VerdunFeb. 21–Dec. 18, 1916Verdun, France, 120 miles east of
ParisDemoralized both sidesFirst extensive use of the
flamethrowerLongest Battle
Battle of the SommeJuly 1–Nov. 18, 1916Somme River, FranceDrew Germans away from VerdunTactics became more sophisticated
and supply lines became more efficient
First use of tanks (British)
Battle of TannenbergRussian Empire Versus German Empire
17 August and 2 September 1914. The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Germans
Series of battles keeping stalemate on Eastern Front.
“No Man’s Land”Long strip of land pounded by artillery (the space between the trenches
Armies dug rat infested trenches
Soldiers charge enemy to be attacked by machine gun fire
fighting for yards of land for 3 years