Novel Compound
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Transcript of Novel Compound
Effects of a Novel Effects of a Novel Compound on Fungal Compound on Fungal
ContaminationContaminationEstelle LevetinEstelle Levetin
Novel CompoundNovel Compound Composition not totally revealedComposition not totally revealed Described as Catalyst Altered WaterDescribed as Catalyst Altered Water Dilute solution of electrolytesDilute solution of electrolytes Working name “pH Balancer”Working name “pH Balancer” Reported to inhibit mold and bacteria Reported to inhibit mold and bacteria
and other beneficial effects and other beneficial effects pH subsequently measured at 12.63pH subsequently measured at 12.63
Other Compounds TestedOther Compounds Tested In addition to pH Balancer, we were In addition to pH Balancer, we were
asked to test various amendments:asked to test various amendments: 50/50 Solution50/50 Solution 50/50 Plus Solution50/50 Plus Solution pH Balancer Plus pH Balancer Plus
MethodsMethods Saturation experimentsSaturation experiments Spore germination experimentsSpore germination experiments pH experimentspH experiments Pretreatment experimentsPretreatment experiments Spray applicationSpray application Growth in liquid cultureGrowth in liquid culture
Ceiling Tile SaturationCeiling Tile Saturation Soaking ceiling tile squares (CTS) in Soaking ceiling tile squares (CTS) in
50% and 100% solutions of pH 50% and 100% solutions of pH Balancer inhibited fungal growthBalancer inhibited fungal growth
pH Balancer
50/50 Solution50/50 Plus Soln
Control0
2
4
6
8
Colo
ny d
iam
(cm
)
Growth of Stachybotrys chartarum on ceiling tiles with and without 50% test solutions
pH Balancer
50/50 Solution50/50 Plus Soln
Control0
1
2
3
4
Colo
ny d
iam
(cm
)Growth of Aspergillus versicolor on ceiling
tiles with and without 50% test solutions
pH Balancer
50/50 Solution50/50 Plus Soln
Control0
1
2
3
Colo
ny d
iam
(cm
)
Growth of Penicillium sp. on ceiling tiles with and without 50% test solutions
Alternaria alternata
Stachybotrys chartarum
Cladosporium cladosporoides
Aspergillus versicolor
Penicillium sp.
Solution Mean colony diameter (cm)*
50/50 Solution 0.23 2.33 1.10 0.90 0.23
50/50 Plus Solution 0.17 0.77 0 0.70 0
Control 6+ 6+ 4.40 4.38 3.42
*Although CTS are 6 cm in length and width, diagonal measurements are approximately 8.5 cm. Growth of the colony beyond 6 cm is indicated as 6+ in the table but plotted as 6.0 in the graphs.
Growth of fungi on Ceiling Tile Squares saturated with 100% solutions of test
compounds
5-Feb 12-Feb 18-Feb 26-Feb 4-Mar
Mean colony diameter (cm)
Alternaria-Control 0 5.28 6.00 6+ 6+
Alternaria-pH Bal 0 0 0 0 0
Alternaria-Bal PLUS 0 0 0 0 0
Stachybotrys-Control 0 2.87 4.77 5.72 6.00
Stachybotrys-pH Bal 0 0 0 0 0
Stachybotrys-Bal PLUS 0 0 0 0 0
Cladosporium-Control 0 1.57 2.23 3.13 3.90
Cladosporium-pH Bal 0 0 0 0 0
Cladosporium-Bal PLUS 0 0 0 0 0
Aspergillus-Control 0 1.33 2.13 2.90 3.60
Aspergillus-pH Bal 0 0 0 0 0
Aspergillus-Bal PLUS 0 0 0 0 0
Penicillium-Control 0 1.78 2.37 3.97 4.10
Penicillium-pH Bal 0 0 0 0 0
Penicillium-Bal PLUS 0 0 0 0 0
Growth of fungi on Ceiling Tile Squares saturated with 100% solutions of test compounds
Sheetrock SaturationSheetrock Saturation Comparable experiments on Comparable experiments on
sheetrock squares produced very sheetrock squares produced very different resultsdifferent results
7-Jan
14-Jan
21-Jan
28-Jan
Stachybotrys-Control
Stachybotrys-pH Bal-50%Alternaria-Control
Alternaria-pH Bal-50%0
2
4
6
8
Growth of Stachybotrys and Alternaria on Sheetrock with 50% Solution of pH Balancer
17-Ja
n
24-Ja
n
31-Ja
n
7-Feb
14-F
eb
Aspergillus-ControlAspergillus-pH Bal-50%
Cladosporium-ControlCladosporium-pH Bal-50%0
2
4
6
Growth of Aspergillus and Cladosporium on Sheetrock with 50% Solution of pH Balancer
21-Jan 28-Jan 4-Feb 11-Feb 18-Feb
Mean colony diameter (cm)
Alternaria-Control 0 2.60 3.82 5.20 5.93
Alternaria-pH Bal 0 2.17 4.23 4.70 4.92
Alternaria-Bal PLUS 0 1.92 4.00 4.70 5.17
Stachybotrys-Control 0 3.00 4.52 4.85 5.13
Stachybotrys-pH Bal 0 0.85 2.30 3.92 4.30
Stachybotrys-Bal PLUS 0 1.00 2.80 3.87 4.47
Cladosporium-Control 0 3.33 4.17 5.12 5.50
Cladosporium-pH Bal 0 1.07 1.30 1.87 2.13
Cladosporium-Bal PLUS 0 1.38 2.10 2.55 2.83
Aspergillus-Control 0 3.50 3.80 4.50 4.60
Aspergillus-pH Bal 0 1.83 2.13 2.78 3.07
Aspergillus-Bal PLUS 0 2.27 2.67 3.37 3.48
Growth of fungi on Sheetrock Squares saturated with 100% solutions of test compounds
No inhibition on SheetrockNo inhibition on Sheetrock Could gypsum interfere with pH Could gypsum interfere with pH
Balancer?Balancer? Gypsum (calcium sulfate) used as a soil Gypsum (calcium sulfate) used as a soil
amendment for alkaline soilsamendment for alkaline soils Gypsum has a neutral pH but Gypsum has a neutral pH but
significant buffering capacity and will significant buffering capacity and will lower soil pHlower soil pH
pH Balancer has a pH of 12.63pH Balancer has a pH of 12.63
Solution pH of Solution
Alternaria alternata
Cladosporium cladosporoides
Stachybotrys chartarum
Aspergillus versicolor
Control – 1 100% MEB 5.19 90+ 90 90+ 90+
Control – 2 50% water 50% MEB
5.18 90+ 90 90+ 90+
Control – 3 75% water25% MEB
5.13 90+ 90 90+ 90+
50% pH Balancer50% MEB
11.82 0 0 50 46.7
75% pH Balancer25% MEB
12.28 0 0 0 0
50% Balancer Plus 50% MEB 11.80 0 0 32.3 5.7
75% Balancer Plus 25% MEB 12.22 0 0 0 0
Effect of pH Balancer on Spore Germination
pH Changes of Solutions Surrounding Sheetrock Squares
456789
1011121314
11-Feb 17-Feb 23-Feb 1-Mar
pH V
alue
WaterpH BalBal Plus
pH Changes of Solutions Surrounding Ceiling Tile Squares
456789
1011121314
11-Feb 17-Feb 23-Feb 1-Mar
pH V
alue
WaterpH BalancerBalancer Plus
Is it only a pH effect?Is it only a pH effect?3-
Mar
10-M
ar
17-M
ar
24-M
ar
31-M
ar
Alternaria pH Balancer
Alternaria 0.025M NaOH
Alternaria control01
23
4
5
6
Growth of Alternaria alternata on ceiling tile squares soaked with different solutions
pH Changes of Solutions with Ceiling Tile Squares
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 7 14 21
Days
pH V
alue
pH Bal
NaOH
Pre-treatmentPre-treatment Ceiling Tile Squares were soaked in pH Ceiling Tile Squares were soaked in pH
balancer and allowed to dry to simulate its balancer and allowed to dry to simulate its use in manufacturing use in manufacturing
Tiles were stored for varying lengths of Tiles were stored for varying lengths of timetime
Tiles were later soaked with sterile distilled Tiles were later soaked with sterile distilled water and inoculated with fungiwater and inoculated with fungi
Pretreated tiles completely inhibited fungal Pretreated tiles completely inhibited fungal growthgrowth
Other experimentsOther experiments Spray applications of pH Balancer Spray applications of pH Balancer
failed to inhibit actively growing fungi failed to inhibit actively growing fungi on both substrateson both substrates
Growth of various fungi (including Growth of various fungi (including several plant pathogens) was several plant pathogens) was completely inhibited in liquid medium completely inhibited in liquid medium (50% malt extract broth and 50% pH (50% malt extract broth and 50% pH Balancer)Balancer)
ConclusionConclusion pH Balancer inhibited fungal growth pH Balancer inhibited fungal growth
on ceiling tileson ceiling tiles May be a useful addition to May be a useful addition to
manufacturing processmanufacturing process Other applications for pH Balancer Other applications for pH Balancer
require further testingrequire further testing