Nouns New Version 2012

8/13/2019 Nouns New Version 2012

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NOUNS

Gender & Plural


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Two kinds of nouns

ABSTRACT- Qualities and states which cannot be touched

or seen.

-uncountablee.g.health, misery, love, hate, happiness,

laughter, joy* CONCRETE

- names of things that can be seen, touched, i.e.they exist in the physical world.e.g.people, man, medicament, doctor, house,

tree, students


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CONCRETE NOUNS

Two types:

Common- names of people, things and

places belonging to a certain group.e.g.academy, man, patient, baton

Proper- names of particular, i.e.

individual people, places, institutions,etc.

e.g.London, John, The Hilton


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Proper nouns > UNCOUNTABLE

Common nouns> COUNTABLE> UNCOUNTABLE

Common nounswhich can be COUNTEDseparately in the plural are COUNTABLE.

e.g.man - men, worker - workers,

bookbooks, house - houses


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Concrete nounsdenoting things thatcannot be counted are UNCOUNTABLE.

e.g.air, blood, sugar, coffee, grassNote!

I l ike my coffee without sugar.

But:Br ing us three coffees (three cups ofcoffee).


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Some nouns both > countable

> uncountable

* Different meaning

e.g.This box is made of paper.

There were 20 paperssubmitted

for the conference.


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Adjectives= nouns when preceded bythe DEFINITE ARTICLE

e.g.The rich do not understand the poor. Nouns= adjectives

e.g.health policy, hospital rules, family

doctor, etc.


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NOUN GENDER

- MASCULINE GENDER

- FEMININE GENDER

- NEUTER GENDER

- COMMON GENDER


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MASCULINE GENDER

boy god

sir heir

king uncle

son waiter

nephew prince

father lion

brotherhusband horse

wizard wolf


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FEMININE GENDER

woman poetess

girl goddess

madam heiress

queen daughter

aunt waitress

niece princess

mother lionesssister

wife mare

witch she-wolf


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NEUTER GENDER

baby house

bee joke

bird letter

book message

car noun

child paper

finger roadground story

hospital wave


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COMMON GENDER

artist friend

child neighbour

person doctor

parent representative

monarch cousin

teacher guest

inhabitant enemystudent tourist

guide singer


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NOUN PLURAL

s es

/s/, /z/ ili /iz/

/s/ book bookscat - cats

/z/ dog - dogs

day

days/iz/ rose - rosesjudge - judges


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SUFFIX ES /IZ/

a) s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x

bus - buses

glass - glasses

brush - brushes

church - churchesbox - boxes


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SUFFIXES, con t.

b) most nouns ending in -

hero - heroes

potato - potatoes

volcano - volcanoes


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Exemptions

piano - pianos

photo - photos

kilo - kilossolo - solos

studio studios

radio radios


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NOUNS ENDING IN -

lady - ladies

story - stories

army - armiescountry - countries

factory factories

BUT: boy boysday - days


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NOUNS ENDING IN F / -FE

f > v + -es

leaf - leaves

wife - wives

thief - thieves

loaf - loaves

half - halves


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EXEMPTIONS

roof roofs

gulf gulfs

cliff cliffs

proof proofs

belief beliefsN.B.

scarf - scarfs - scarveshoof - hoofs hooves

dwarfdwarfs - dwarves


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IRREGULAR PLURAL FORM

man - men

woman - women child - children

foot - feet

goose - geese

mouse - mice louse - lice


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SINGULAR = PLURAL & vice versa

sheep - sheepdeer - deer

fish - fish (fishes)aircraft - aircraftSwiss - SwissChinese - Chinese

Japanese - Japanese


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species - species

series - series

means - means

e.g.There has been an interestingseriesof concerts recently.

There were several ser iesof lectures atthe university last spring.


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Nouns > SINGULARform

+

SINGULARverbs

UNCOUNTABLEand cannot be used withNUMBERSor the word MANY, for instance:

advice, applause, information, luggage

e.g.He gave me some advice. The advice wasgood.

Ill give you a piece of advice.

They received two pieces of information.


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COMPOUND NOUNS

brother-in-law, toothache, passer-by,

girl-friend, go-between, etc.

Plural forms can vary: brothers-in-law, toothaches, passers-by,

girl-friends, go-betweens, etc.

Note!

man friend men friends

woman doctorwomen doctors


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NOUNS OF LATIN ORIGIN

axis axes

locus loci

radius radiibacterium bacteria

datum - data


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NOUNS OF GREEK ORIGIN

analysis analyses

basis - bases

crisis crisescriterion criteria

phenomenon phenomena

thesis - theses


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Two plural forms > different

meaningsgenius - geniuses

- genii

medium - mediums- mediabrother - brothers

- brethren

cloth - cloths- clothes


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Plural form > singular object

(a pair of) glasses, trousers, scissors, etc.:

The trousersaretoo expensive.The scissorson the desk arenot sharp

enough.

The old ladys glasseswereon the floor.


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Singular form + verb in plural form

Policearelooking for the man whoescaped from the prison.

The cattle are out in the field.


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Plural form + verb in singular form

Linguisticsis a science dealing withlanguages.

Dartsis played in pubs in Britain.

No newsis good news.


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Noun + verb in singular / plural form

committee

the Vatican

headquartersteam

The committeehas/have made a wrongdecision.

Nouns New Version 2012

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