PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUNS?ADJECTIVES?

ADVERBS?

NOUNS -Basically, nouns are words, which name

persons, places, things, creatures, ideas. Ex: Jasline, Multimedia University, Melaka,

monsters, beauty.

COMMON NOUNS Names of persons and things:

PROPER NOUNS NAMES for SPECIFIC People/ Places MUST BEGIN WITH CAPITAL LETTERS

ABSTRACT NOUNS NAME things that cannot be TOUCHED or

seen, perhaps an idea. Ex: happiness, beauty, peace, love, anger,

bravery, advice, pride, wisdom.

COUNTABLE NOUNS = CAN be counted

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS= CANNOT BE COUNTED

COUNTABLE OR UNCOUTABLE? Dollar/Money Song/music Suitcase/luggage Table/furniture Battery/electricity Bottle/wine Report/information Tip/advice Journey/travel Job/work View/scenery

Changing Singular Nouns to Plural Nouns

Most of the time, + s Ex: girl= girls, boy= boys, cane=canes

Sometimes, we +es if the noun ends with –s,-ss,-x,-ch,-sh

Ex: beach= beaches, box=boxes Dish=dishes, boss=bosses

IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS man=men Foot=feet Goose=geese Mouse=mice Tooth=teeth Woman=women

Irregular Nouns police= police 1 deer= 2 deer 1 Fish= 2 fish Offspring=offspring 1 Sheep= 2 sheep 1 Species= 2 species Cattle= cattle

Sometimes, if the noun ends with:

1. Consonant + y then remove y and +ies Ex: city = cities, baby = babies

2. Vowel + y then just add –s Ex: Boy= boys, key= keys

3. If with –f/fe, then + ves

Ex: Wife = wives, knife=knives

POSSESSIVE NOUNS To show owners, just put ‘s Ex: Jasline’s car, Jason’s wives. Singular owner, then ‘s Ex: A boy’s room, A cat’s bones. Many owners, then s’ Ex: many boys’ bags, many doctors’

patients.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Indefinite pronouns are words which replace

nouns and you do not know WHO. Ex: someone is waiting outside. You know a person is outside but you do not know

who…

OTHER EXAMPLES OF INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Singular: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, little, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, other, somebody, someone, something

REMEMBER:

Singular indefinite pronouns take singular verbs or singular personal pronouns.

Correct: Each of the members has one vote. (The subject, each, is singular. Use has.)

Someone is following me! Someone ARE following me! THIS IS WRONG!!! After single

indefinite pronoun, 100% use SINGULAR VERBS

ADJECTIVES WORDS THAT DESCRIBE A NOUN OR

PRONOUN:

An angry dog, a frozen man, an excited cat, a messy room, a hot day.

ADVERBS An adverb gives us more information on

VERBS.

~ normally, adverbs have –ly behind it… An adverb tells us the manner/way, time, place

or answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how often“ an ACTION happens.

Ex: She finished her homework quickly. (How did she finish her homework? ~quickly(adverb)

Ex: Adverb of Manner. HOW ACTION IS DONE… His mother screamed angrily at him after

looking at his result .

The doctor checked the pregnant lady carefully

Adverb of time. WHEN??Includes: early, never, now, often, soon, then, today, tomorrow He spoke cheerfully to his dad on the phone this morning.

Adverb of place. WHERE???include; abroad, anywhere, here, outside, somewhere,

there, underground, upstairs ...

The lecturer was held there.

Adverbs of degree - answer the question How much? USE TO MODIFY ADJECTIVES

includes: almost, entirely, little, much, rather, very, too I am too tired to play tennis tonight.

Adverbs of frequency - answer the question How often?

Includes: always, never, usually, frequently, sometimes, occasionally

She always goes for classes alone.