PRESENTATION ON

NOTHERN PLAINS

BY KARTIK CHHABRA

What are northern plains ?

The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems-

the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.

This plain is formed of alluvial soil. The deposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years,

formed this fertile plain.

LOCATIONAs a large plain, the exact extent can vary from

source to source. Roughly, the Indo-Gangetic Plain stretches across:Kashmir in the north;

the Punjab (Pakistan) a provincial region of Pakistan and the Aravalli Range;

Sindh in the west; the Himalayan foothills

of Assam and Bangladesh in the east; and the Vindhya and Sapura Range,

and the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the south.

FORMATIONThe northern plain of India is formed by the interplay of three major rivers – Ganga, Indus and Brahmaputra.  In the Tertiary period there was a sea , Tethys , with extension to north and

west . Due to the movement of tectonic plate the Indian lithosphere plate under thrusts the lighter Eurasian plate on the north .This shallow basin marine sediments began folding due

to compressive forces acting from north and south .The evolution and upheaval of Himalaya began. The plain was the

fore deep of the folded mountain. Thus numerous streams took birth and flowed down the Himalayan along with load of

sediments . Sediments continued lying down on the uneven basement of the fore deep .Origen continued till its third phase along with making Himalaya higher and higher. And sediments

filled the 3-6 km deep trough . However this deepness of trough is also due to subsidence because of increasing load of sediments. so the Himalayan progeny and filling erodes from Himalaya in it made this fertile land for us…. And the fertile

plain of India was formed.

The Northern Plain is divided into four regions:

BhabarTerai

Bhangar Khadar

The Northern Plains are important because:

(а) They are the largest alluvial plains in the world formed by the deposition of silt by the

major rivers of the plain.(b) The rivers are navigable and have water in

them throughout the year (Perennial).(c) Flat land helps in the construction of roads

and railways.(d) Irrigation facilities have made the plains the

largest wheat growing areas.(e) A number of H.E.P. Projects have been

constructed which have helped in irrigation and generation of power.

The Northern Plains lie to the south of the Himalayas extending 2,500 km in length

from East to West.

The Northern Plains are vast flat areas and the soil in these plains is mostly fertile.

The Northern plains stretch from Punjab in the northwest to Assam in the east.

SOME FACTS

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