Notes: Vertebrate Animals

KINGDOM- AnimaliaPHYLUM- Chordata

SUBPHYLUM- VertebrataCLASS- 7 different

ORDERS- 9 Placental mammals

Characteristics of all Vertebrates

BackboneEndoskeletonDistinct SkullClosed Circulatory System

Class AgnathaEX. Lampreys and

Hagfish- Jawless- Reproduce Sexually- Gills- 2 Chambered Heart

Class Chondrichthyes Ex. Sharks and rays

- Endoskeleton made of cartilage- Paired fins- Jaws- Lateral line system (for sensing

vibrations in water)- Scales- Ovoviviparous (eggs develop & hatch in mom)

Class OsteichthyesEx. Tuna, Perch,

Bass- Endoskeleton

made of bones- Swim Bladder- Usually has

external fertilization

Class Amphibia Ex. Frogs, Toads,

Salamander- Ectotherms (use heat in

environment to maintain inside body temp)

- Needs H2O for breeding- Metamorphosis (tadpole-

bullfrog)- Gas exchange through

skin

Class ReptiliaEx. turtles, tortoises,

snakes, crocodiles- Ectotherms- Scaly skin- Oviparous (eggs

develop & hatch outside mom; bury on land)

- 3 or 4 chambered heart

Class Aves Ex. Birds

- Endotherm (maintain body temp by producing heat internally)

- Only organism with feathers (modified scales)

- 4 chamber heart- Hollow bones (aid in flight)- Front limbs- wings

Class MammaliaEx. Humans, bears,

pigs, horses, dogs, cats, whales- Endotherms - Hair- Mammary glands- Most Viviparous (give

birth to live young)

Three Categories of Mammals

Placental- young develops in uterus

Marsupials- young develops outside the body in a pouch

Monotreme- egg laying mammal

Orders of Placental Mammals

Rodentia- razor sharp teeth (rats, squirrels)

Lagomorphs- fused hind leg bones (rabbits)

Chiroptera- flying mammals (bats)Carnivora- eat meat (lions, tigers,

wolves)Cetaceans- Blow holes to breathe

(dolphins, whales)

Orders of Placental Mammals

Insectivores- eat insects (moles, shrews, hedgehog)

Artiodactyla- even # of toes (cows, sheep, goat, pigs, hippos, camels)

Perissodactyl- odd # of toes (horse, zebra, rhino)

Proboscidea- trunks (elephants)Primates- opposable thumbs (apes,

monkeys, humans)

Human Beings

Domain- Eukarya Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Subphylum- Vertebrata Class- Mammalia Order- Primate Family- Hominidae Genus- Homo Species- Sapien Scientific Name: Homo sapien