NOTES: The Muscular System (Ch 6, part 3)

MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES

*the names of muscles

often describe

them…a name may

indicate a muscle’s indicate a muscle’s

relative size, shape,

location, action,

number of

attachments, or the

direction of its fibers.*

MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES

Examples:

• Triceps brachii: having 3 heads (triceps) or points

of origin and located in the brachium (arm).

• Pectoralis minor: of small size (minor) located in

the pectoral region (chest).the pectoral region (chest).

• Zygomaticus: located over the zygomatic bone in

the face.

• Internal (abdominal) obliques: Located near the

inside with fibers that run obliquely (in a slanting

direction).

���� Muscles of Facial Expression:

● lie beneath the skin of the face and scalp and are used to communicate emotion through facial expression

Epicranius

(composed of two parts:

the FRONTALIS and the occipitalis)

���� Muscles of Facial Expression:

Orbicularis oculi

Orbicularis oris

Zygomaticus

PlatysmaPlatysma

Buccinator

���� Muscles of Mastication:

● these muscles attach to the mandible and are used in chewing

Masseter

TemporalisTemporalis

���� Muscles that move the head:

● muscles in the neck and upper back used to move the head

Sternocleidomastoid

���� Muscles that move the

pectoral girdle:● most of these connect the scapula to nearby

bones and closely associate with muscles that move the arm

TrapeziusTrapezius

Rhomboideus major

Levator scapulae

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

���� Muscles that move the arm:

● these muscles connect the humerus to various regions of the pectoral girdle, ribs, and vertebral column

Coracobrachialis Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Pectoralis major

Teres major Supraspinatus

Latissimus dorsi Subscapularis

Deltoid Teres minor

Infraspinatus

���� Muscles that move the

forearm:

● these muscles connect the radius and ulna to the humerus or pectoral girdle

Biceps brachii BrachioradialisBrachialis SupinatorBrachialis Supinator

Triceps brachii Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

���� Muscles that move the wrist,

hand, and fingers:

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum Flexor digitorum profundus

Palmaris longus

Extensor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor digitorum

���� Muscles of the abdominal wall:

● these muscles connect the rib cage and vertebral column to the pelvic girdle.

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

External intercostals

Internal intercostals

Diaphragm

���� Muscles that move the thigh:

● these muscles attach to the femur and to some part of the pelvic girdle.

Psoas major IliacusPsoas major Iliacus

Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fasciae latae

Adductor longus Adductor magnus

Gracilis

���� Muscles that move the leg:

● these muscles connect the tibia or fibula to the femur or pelvic girdle.

Hamstring group (composed of 3 parts):

-Biceps femoris-Biceps femoris

-Semitendinosus

-Semimembranosus

Sartorius

���� Muscles that move the leg:

Quadriceps femoris group (composed of 4 parts):

-rectus femoris

-vastus lateralis-vastus lateralis

-vastus medialis

-vastus intermedius

���� Muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes:

● these muscles attach the femur, tibia, and fibula to bones of the foot.

Tibialis anteriorPeroneus tertius

Extensor digitorum longusExtensor digitorum longus

GastrocnemiusSoleusFlexor digitorum longus

Tibialis posterior

Peroneus longus