Notes

INTRODUCTION

1. Leszek Kolakowski, Metaphysical Horror (Blackwell, Oxford, 1981), p. 1. 2. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, ed. G.H. von Wright, trans.

P. Winch (Blackwell, Oxford, 1986), p. 67. 3. Martin Heidegger, An Introduction to Metaphysics, trans. Ralph Manheim

(Yale, University Press, New Haven, 1959), p. 199. 4. John van Buren, The Young Heidegger: Rumour of the Hidden King (Indi-

ana, University Press, Bloomington, 1994), p. 385. 5. Ibid. 6. Martin Heidegger, Der Spiegel, May 1976 (interview of 1966). 7. See C.G. Luckhard (ed.), Wittgenstein: Sources and Perspectives (Harvester

Press, Brighton, 1979), p. 54. 8. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Letters to Russell, Keynes and Moore, ed. G.H. von

Wright (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1974), p. 136. 9. J.M. Findlay, Wittgenstein: A Critique (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London,

1984), p. 21. 10. Lucien Goldmann, Lukdcs and Heidegger: Towards a New Philosophy,

trans. W.Q. Boelhower (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1977), pp. 16-17.

11. Giovanni Gentile, La Religione: Discorsi di religione (Sansoni, Firenze, 1965), p. 431.

12. Ferenc Feher and Agnes Heller, The Grandeur and Twilight of Radical Universalism (Transactions Publisher, New Brunswick, 1991), p.554.

13. G. Neske and E. Kettering (eds.), Martin Heidegger and National Socialism (Paragon House, New York, 1990), p. 143.

14. Ibid., p. 142. 15. Brian McGuiness (ed.), Wittgenstein and his Times (Blackwell, Oxford,

1982), p. 41. 16. Jader Jacobelli, Croce: Gentile, Dal solidazio al dramma (Rizzoli, Milano,

1989), pp. 203-4. 17. Quoted in Richard Wolin (ed.), The Heidegger Controversy (Columbia

University Press, New York, 1991), p. 178. 18. Primo Siena (ed.), Gentile (Volpe Editore, Roma, 1966), p. 86. 19. van Buren, Young Heidegger, p. 144. 20. Charles Guignon (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger (Cam-

bridge University Press, New York, 1993), p. 76. 21. Ibid., p. 71. 22. Arpad Kadarkay, Georg Lukdcs (Blackwell, Oxford, 1991), p. 121. 23. Karl Jaspers, Notizen zu Heidegger, ed. Hans Saner (R. Piper Verlag, ZUrich,

1978), p. 213.

198

Malign Masters 199

24. Michael LOwy, Georg Lukdcs - From Romanticism to Bolshevism (NLB, London, 1979), p. 55.

25. Martin Heidegger, quoted by Theodor Kisiel, 'Heidegger's Apology', in T. Rockmore and J. Margolis (eds.), The Heidegger Case: On Philosophy and Politics (Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1991), p. 134.

26. Quoted in Charles L. Creegan, Wittgenstein and Kierkegaard (Routledge, London, 1989), p. 15.

27. Quoted in LOwy, Georg Lukdcs, p. 96. 28. Ibid. 29. Karl LOwith, Nature, History and Existentialism (Northwestern University

Press, Evanston, lli. 1966), p. 55. 30. Ibid., p. 52. 31. Hannah Arendt, 'Martin Heidegger at Eighty', The New York Review of

Books (October, 1971). 32. Findlay, Wittgenstein, p. 20. 33. Giovanni Gentile, Theory of Mind as Pure Act, trans. H. Wildon Carr

(Macmillan, London, 1923), p. xi. 34. Neske and Kettering, Martin Heidegger, p. 198. 35. Friedrich Waismann, Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle, ed. Brian

McGuiness (Blackwell, Oxford, 1979). 36. Karl LOwith, My Life in Germany, before and after 1933, 'Curriculum Vitae'

(1959), trans. E. King (University of lllinois Press, Urbana and Chicago, 1994), p. 150.

37. Max Weber, 'Science as a Vocation', in From Max Weber, ed. H.H. Gerth and C.W. Mills (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1951), p. 129.

38. Ibid., p. 153. 39. Ibid. 40. Quoted in Otto Poggeler, 'Heidegger, Nietzsche and Politics', in Rockmore

and Margolis, The Heidegger Case, p. 120. 41. H.S. Harris, The Social Philosophy of Giovanni Gentile (University of llli­

nois Press, Urbana, 1960), p. 284. 42. Ibid., p. 244. 43. Richard Wolin, The Politics of Being (Columbia University Press, New

York, 199O), pp. 71-2. 44. W.J. Richardson, Heidegger: Through Phenomenology to Thought (Martinus

Nijhoff, The Hague, 1967) p. xvi. 45. Ibid., p. xviii. 46. Tom Rockmore, 'Heidegger's French Connection', in Rockmore and

Margolis, The Heidegger Case, p. 378. 47. Quoted in George Pitcher (ed.), The Philosophy ofWittgenstein (Macmillan,

London, 1964), p. 8. 48. Ray Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius (Vintage, London,

1990), p. 295. 49. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, trans. G.E.M. Anscombe

(Blackwell, Oxford, 1953), p. x. 50. I have dealt with this in my A New Science of Representation (Westview

Press, Boulder, Col., 1994), ch. 1. 51. Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, p. 61.

200 Notes

CHAPfER 1 THE PRIMARY MASTERWORKS

1. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, trans. D.F. Pears and B.F. McGuiness (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1961), sec. 6·53.

2. Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, sec. 5·26. 3. Tom Rockmore, Irrationalism: Lukacs and the Marxist View of Reason

(Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1992), pp. 131-2. 4. Ibid., pp. 134-5. 5. Gentile, The Theory of Mind as Pure Act, pp. 254-5. 6. Ibid., p. 256. 7. David D. Roberts, Benedetto Croce and the Uses of Historicism (University

of California Press, Berkeley, 1987), p. 112. 8. Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson

(Harper and Row, New York, 1962), p. 44. 9. See Harry Redner, The Ends of Philosophy (Croom-Helm, London, 1986).

10. Quoted in John Gunnell, 'Strauss before Straussianism', in K.L. Deutsch and W. Nicgorski (eds.), Leo Strauss: Political Philosopher and Jewish Thinker (Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham/Maryland 1994), p. Ill.

11. Georg Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, trans. R. Livingstone (Merlin Press, London, 1971), p. 10.

12. Ibid. 13. Ibid., p. 175. 14. Kadarkay, Georg Lukdcs, p. 272. 15. Ibid., p. 172. 16. Gentile, The Theory of Mind as Pure Act, p. 265. 17. Quoted in Roberts, Bendedotto Croce, p. llO. 18. Ibid., p. 112. 19. This is discussed in my earlier book, The Ends of Philosophy, pp. 125-8. 20. Michael Murray (ed.), Heidegger and Modem Philosophy (Yale University

Press, New Haven, 1978), p. 230. 21. Ibid., p. 230. 22. Ibid., p. 235. 23. van Buren, The Young Heidegger, p. 61. 24. Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, sec. 6·45. 25. Brian McGuiness, Wittgenstein: A Ufe (Duckworth, London, 1988), p. 221. 26. Ibid., p. 303. 27. Quoted in ibid., p. 245. 28. Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, sec. 1. 29. Ibid., sec. 2·04. 30. See Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein, p. 163. 31. Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 4·001. 32. Ibid., 4·11. 33. Ibid., 3·01. 34. Ibid., 5·61. 35. Ibid., 5·6. 36. Ibid., 4·113. 37. Immanual Kant, Prologomena to Any Future Metaphysics, trans. L.W. Beek

(The Library of Liberal Arts, Indianapolis, 1950), p. 352. 38. Ibid.

Malign Masters 201

39. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914-1916, ed. G.E.M. Anscombe and G.H. von Wright (Blackwell, Oxford, 1961), p. 73.

40. Ibid., p. 84. 41. Jiirgen Habermas, Philosophical-Political Profiles, trans. F.G. Lawrence (The

MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1983), p. 23. 42. LOwith, Nature, History and Existentialism, p. 57. 43. Michael Zimmerman, Eclipse of Self (Ohio University Press, and Allens,

London, 1981), p. 149. 44. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, p. xxxiv. 45. Roger W. Holmes, The Idealism of Giovanni Gentile (Macmillan, New

York, 1937), pp. 16-17. 46. Goldmann, Lukacs and Heidegger, pp. 67-8. 47. op. cit., p. 40. 48. Neske and Kettering, Martin Heidegger, p. 180. 49. Quoted in Allan Janik, Essays on Wingenstein and Weininger (Rodopi,

Amsterdam, 1984), p. 72. 50. McGuiness, Wingenstein: A Life, p. 144. 51. Monk, Ludgwig Wittgenstein, p. 144. 52. McGuiness, Wittgenstein: A Life, p. 315. 53. Holmes, The ldedlism of Gioranni Gentile, pp. 112-13. 54. Gentile, The Theory of Mind as Pure Act, p. 258. 55. Thomas Sheehan, Heidegger: The Man and the Thinker (Precedent Publishers,

Chicago, 1981), p. 14. 56. Ibid. 57. Martin Heidegger, Basic Problems of Phenomenology (Indiana University

Press, Bloomington, 1982), p. 262. 58. Heidegger, Introduction to Metaphysics, p. 71. 59. See Harry Redner, In the Beginning was the Deed (University of California

Press, Berkeley, 1982). 60. Georg Luklics, 'Tactics and Ethics', in R. Livingstone (ed.), Political Essays,

1919-1929 (Harper and Row, New York, 1972), p. 17. 61. Ibid. 62. Ibid. 63. Gentile, The Theory of Mind as Pure Act. p. 15. 64. Lukacs. History and Class Consciousness. p. 178. 65. Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914-1916, p. 82. 66. Ibid., p. 85. 67. Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, sees., 6·373 and 6·43. 68. Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914-1916, p. 73. 69. Janik, Essays on Wittgenstein and Weininger, p. 85. 70. Ibid. 71. Ibid. 72. Quoted in ibid .• p. 85. 73. Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914-1916, p. 79. 74. Karl LOwith. 'The Political Implications of Heidegger's Existentialism'. in

R. Wolin (ed.), The Heidegger Controversy (Columbia University Press. New York. 1991). p. 172.

75. Ibid., p. 173. 76. Gentile, A Theory of Mind as Pure Act, p. 245.

202 Notes

77. Ibid. 78. Ibid. 79. Ibid., p. 244. 80. Lukacs, 'Tactics and Ethics', Political Essays 1919-1929, pp. 26-7. 81. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, pp. xiv and xviii. 82. Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914-1916, p. 73. 83. Ibid., p. 76. 84. Waismann, Wingenstein and the Vienna Circle, p. 115. 85. Ibid., p. 118. 86. Ibid., p. 117. 87. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 182. 88. Lee Congdon, The Young Luk4cs (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel

Hill, 1983), p. 186.

CHAPTER 2 THE TURNING (KEHRE)

1. See Redner, A New Science of Representation, ch. 5. 2. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 270. 3. Ibid., p. 264. 4. Benedetto Croce, Philosophy, Poetry, History, trans. Cecil Sprigge (Oxford

University Press, New York, 1966), p. 653. 5. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 273. 6. Leszek Kolakowski, Modernity on Endless Trial (Chicago University Press,

Chicago, 1990), p. 236. 7. Rockmore, I"ationalism, p. 159. 8. Georg Lukacs, New Left Review (No. 68, 1971), p. 58. 9. Kadarkay, Georg Lukdcs, p. 326.

10. Ibid., p. 261. 11. U>wy, Georg Lukdcs, p. 167. 12. Congdon, Young Lukdcs, p. 139. 13. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, p. xxx. 14. Lukacs, New Left Review, p. 18. 15. Georg Lukacs, Record of a Life: An Autobiographical Sketch, trans. R.

Livingstone (Verso, London, 1983), p. 83. 16. Louis Althusser, For Marx: Contradiction and Overdetermination (penguin

Books, Harmondsworth, 1969). 17. John Fuegi, Brecht &: Co: Sex, Politics and the Making of Modem Drama

(Grove Press, New York, 1994), p. 277. 18. Quoted in Michael Zimmerman, Heidegger's Confrontation with Modernity

(Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1990), p. 40. 19. Quoted in Wolin, The Politics of Being, p. 74. 20. Heidegger, Introduction to Metaphysics, p. 74. 21. Ibid., p. 69. 22. Ibid. 23. Ibid., p. 71. 24. Ibid., p. 72. 25. Martin Heidegger, Poetry, Language, Thought, 'What are Poets For', trans.

Albert Hofstadter (Harper and Row. New York, 1971), p. 132.

Malign Masters 203

26. Martin Heidegger. On the Way to Language. 'The Nature of Language'. trans. Peter D. Hertz (Harper and Row. New York. 1971). p. 63.

27. Ibid .• p. 82. 28. Ibid .• p. 60. 29. Martin Heidegger. Existence and Being. 'What is Metaphysics'. trans. Werner

Brock (Henry Regnery. Chicago. 1949). p. 358. 30. Ibid. 31. Ibid. 32. Heidegger. An Introduction to Metaphysics. p. 83. 33. Ibid .• p. 59. 34. Ibid .• p. 77. 35. Brian McGuiness (ed.). Wittgenstein and his Time (Blackwell. Oxford. 1982).

p.54. 36. Monk. Ludwig Wittgenstein. pp. 313-14. 37. McGuiness. Wittgenstein and his Time. p. 50. 38. Quoted in Hao Wang. Beyond Analytic Philosophy (MIT Press. Cambridge.

Mass .• 1986). p. 248. 39. Quoted in Monk. Ludwig Wittgenstein. p. 353. 40. Ibid .• p. 354. 41. Ludwig Wittgenstein. The Foundations of Mathematics. trans. G.E.M.

Anscornbe (Blackwell. Oxford. 1959). p. 57. 42. Wittgenstein. Culture and Value. p. 61. 43. Wittgenstein. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. sec. 4·0031. 44. Allan Janik and Stephen Toulmin. Wittgenstein's Vienna (Weidenfeld and

Nicolson. London. 1973). p. 232. 45. See Redner. The Ends of Philosophy. ch. 2. 46. Quoted in Michael Murray (ed.). Heidegger and Modem Philosophy. (Yale

University Press. New Haven. Conn .• 1978). p. 314. 47. Karsten Harries. 'Heidegger as Political Thinker'. in Murray. ibid .• p. 215. 48. Quoted in ibid .• p. 315. 49. Ibid .• p. 316. 50. Ibid .• p. 317. 51. Ibid .• p. 318. 52. Harris. Social Philosophy. p. 108. 53. Ibid .• pp. 108-9. 54. Giovanni Gentile. The Genesis and Structure of Society. trans. S.H. Harris

(Universify of lllinois Press. Urbana. 1960). p. 82. 55. Ibid .• p. 171. 56. Ibid. 57. Rockmore. Irrationalism. p. 157. 58. Ibid. 59. Waisrnann. Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle. pp. 116-17. 60. Wittgenstein. Philosophical Investigations. sec. 122. 61. Quoted in K.T. Fann (ed.). Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Man and his Philo­

sophy (Dell. New York. 1967). p. 68. 62. R. Rhees (ed.). Ludwig Wittgenstein: Personal Recollections (Blackwell.

Oxford. 1981). p. 172. 63. Wittgenstein. Philosophical Investigations. sec. 118. p. 48. 64. Heidegger. Being and Time. p. 44.

2(}4 }Votes

65. Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, p. 17. 66. Murray, Heidegger and Modem Philosophy, p. 327. 67. Quoted in·LOwy, Georg Lukdcs, p. 202. 68. Quoted in Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 168. 69. Agnes Heller (ed.), Lukdcs Revalued (Blackwell, Oxford, 1983), p. 77. 70. Harris, Social Philosophy, pp. 187-8.

CHAPTER 3 THE SECONDARY MASTERWORKS

1. Richard Deacon, The Cambridge Apostles (Robert Royce, London, 1985), p.91.

2. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 216. 3. Gentile, Genesis and Structure of Society, p. x. 4. Luk!cs, History and Class Consciousness, p. xxxvi. 5. Georg Lilies, The Destruction of Reason, trans. Peter Palmer (Humanities

Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1981), pp. 16-17. 6. Domenico Losurdo, 'Heidegger and Hitler's War', in Rockmore and Margolis,

The Heidegger Case, p. 155. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid., p. 154. 9. Ibid.

10. Wolin, The Politics of Being, p. 152. 11. Quoted in Monk, Ludwig Wingenstein, p. 418. 12. Ibid., p. 484. 13. Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, p. 49. 14. Quoted in Monk, Ludwig Wingenstein, p. 486. 15. Redner, The Ends of Philosophy ch. 3. 16. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Will to Power, ed. Walter Kaufmann (Vintage,

New York, 1968), sec. 584. 17. Karl LOwith, Martin Heidegger and European Nihilism, ed. Richard Wolin

(Columbia University Press, New York, 1995), p. 110. 18. Martin Heidegger, Holzwege (Klostermann, Frankfurt, 1957), p. 301. 19. Martin Heidegger, Nietzsche (Vol. IV), ed. D.F. Krell (Harper and Row,

New York, 1979), p. 205. 20. Ibid., p. 243. 21. Ibid., pp. 238 and 244. 22. Heidegger, An Introduction to Metaphysics, p. 30. 23. See Richardson, Heidegger, p. 638. 24. van Buren, Young Heidegger, p. 384. 25. Ibid., pp. 383-4. 26. Rainer Marten, 'Heidegger and the Greeks', in Rockmore and Margolis, The

Heidegger Case, p. 184. 27. Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, sec. 122. 28. Ibid., sec. 371. 29. Ernest Gellner, Reason and Culture (Blackwell, Oxford, 1992), p. 123. 30. Ibid.

Malign Masters 205

31. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, p. 10. 32. Jean-Paul Sartre, Critique de la Raison Dialectique, Vol. I (Gallimard, Paris,

1960), p. 40. 33. Kadarkay, Geory Lukdcs, p. 338. 34. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 62. 35. Ibid. 36. Ibid., p. 65. 37. Wolin, The Politics of Being, p. 102. 38. Quoted in Kadarkay, Georg Lukdcs, pp. 337-8. 39. Gentile, Genesis and Structure of Society, p. 82. 40. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 244. 41. Wang, Beyond Analytic Philosophy, p. 83. 42. Culture and Value, p. 102. 43. Heller, Lukacs Revalued, p. 100. 44. Ernst Joos, Lukdcs' Last Autocriticism: The Ontology (Humanities Press,

Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1983), p. 4. 45. Rockmore, Irrationalism, p. 218. 46. Ibid., p. 244. 47. George Lichtheim, Lukdcs (Fontana Modem Masters, Collins, London, 1970),

p. 116. 48. Ibid., p. 100. 49. Guignon, Cambridge Companion to Heidegger, p. 284. 50. Gerald Bruns, Heidegger Estrangements: Language, Truth, Poetry (Yale

University Press, New Haven, 1989), p. 150. 51. Allan Janik, Style, Politics, and the Future of Philosophy (Kluwer Aca­

demic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989), p. 1.

CHAPTER 4 FATHERS AND SONS

1. van Buren, Young Heidegger, p. 395. 2. W.J. Mommsen and J. Osterhammel (eds.), Max Weber and his Contem­

poraries (Unwin, London, 1987), p. 504. 3. Keneth Blackwell, 'Early Wittgenstein and Middle Russell', I. Block (ed.),

Perspectives in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein (Blackwell, Oxford, 1981), p. 16.

4. Roberts, Benedetto Croce, p. 113. 5. Croce, Philosophy, Poetry, History, pp. 97-8. 6. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 22. 7. J. Marcus and Z. Tar (eds.), George Lukdcs: Selected Correspondence

(Columbia University Press, New York, 1986), p. 281. 8. Quoted in Kadarkay, Georg Lukdcs, pp. 251-2. 9. Ibid., p. 253.

10. Ibid., p. 345. 11. Murray, Heidegger and Modem Philosophy, p. 232. 12. Sheehan, Heidegger, p. 8. 13. Wolin, The Heidegger Controversy, p. 143.

206 Notes

14. In a letter to C.W.K. Mundie of 10 December 1968, quoted in Ronald W. Clark, The Life of Bertrand Russell (Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1975), p.685.

15. Benedetto Croce, An Autobiography, trans. R.G. Collingwood (Freeport, New York, 1927), p. 93.

16. Jiirgen Habermas, Philosophical-Political Profiles, trans. F.G. Lawrence (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1984), p. 32.

17. Quoted in Jacobelli, Croce, p. 293. 18. Wang, Beyond Analytic Philosophy, p. 82. 19. Ibid., p. 3. 20. McGuiness, Wittgenstein: A Life, p. 76. 21. Wang, Beyond Analytic Philosophy, p. 3. 22. See Kadarkay, Georg Lukacs, p. 281. 23. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, p. x. 24. Goldmann, Lukdcs and Heidegger, pp. 52 and 62. 25. Hubert L. Dreyfus, Being-in-the-World: A Commentary on Heidegger's Being

and Time (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1991), p. 30. 26. See Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 50. 27. van Buren, Young Heidegger, p. 205. 28. Quoted in ibid., p. 204. 29. Ibid., p. 205. 30. Ibid., p. 204. 31. Ibid., p. 145. 32. Ibid., p. 204. 33. Ibid., p. 208. 34. Ibid., p. 218. 35. Quoted in Jacobelli, Croce, p. 29. 36. Guido de Ruggiero, Modem Philosophy, trans. A.H. Hannay and R.G.

Collingwood (Allen and Unwin, London, 1921), p. 346. 37. Ibid., p. 397. 38. Ibid., p. 357. 39. Ibid., p. 300. 40. Wang, Beyond Analytic Philosophy, p. 78. 41. Ibid., p. 69. 42. Ibid. 43. Ibid. 44. Ibid., p. 5. 45. Ibid., p. 73. 46. Neske and Kettering, Martin Heidegger, p. 179. 47. Manlio di Lalla, Vita di Giovanni Gentile (Sansoni, Firenze, 1975), p. 25. 48. Ibid., p. 222. 49. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, p. 95. 50. Bryan S. Turner, 'Simmel, Rationalization and the Sociology of Money',

The Sociological Review, Vol. 34, No.1, Feb ruary1986. 51. In Georg Simmel, The Philosophy of Money, from the introduction by Tom

Bottomore and David Frisby (Routledge and Kegan Paul. London, 1978). p.20.

52. van Buren, Young Heidegger, p. 60. 53. Ibid .• p. 111.

Malign Masters 207

54. Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 447. 55. Ibid., p. 444. 56. Ibid., p. 447. 57. Ibid., p. 447. 58. van Buren, Young Heidegger, p. 279. 59. Ibid., p. 106. 60. Ibid., p. 270. 61. Ibid., p. 286. 62. Ibid., p. 279. 63. Ibid., p. 295. 64. Ibid., p. 150. 65. Michael Dummett, in Block, Perspectives in the Philosophy ofWittgenstein,

pp. 31 and 33. 66. Monk. Ludwig Wittgenstein, p. 163. 67. Ibid., p. 176. 68. Ibid., p. 190. 69. Ibid., pp. 190-1. 70. Ibid., p. 174. 71. Ibid. 72. Wittgenstein, Letters to Russell, Keynes, and Moore, p. 77. 73. Ibid., letter of March-April, 1930. 74. Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, sec. 6·42 and 6·423. 75. Ibid., sec. 4·1122, p. 49. 76. Ibid., 6·3, p. 137. 77. Ibid., 6·371, p. 143. 78. Wang, Beyond Analytic Philosophy, p. 100. 79. Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, sec. 126. 80. Wittgenstein, Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, p. 157. 81. Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, pp. 79 and 62. 82. Ibid., p. 7. 83. Ibid., p. 56. 84. Ibid., p. 49. 85. Martin Heidegger, The End of Philosophy, trans. Joan Stambough (Harper

and Row, New York, 1973), p. 93. 86. Heidegger, An Introduction to Metaphysics, p. 39. 87. Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology of Other Essays

(Harper and Row, New York, 1977), p. 117. 88. Rockmore, I"ationalism: Luk4cs and the Marxist view of Reason, p. 283. 89. LOwith, My Ufe in Germany, p. 46. 90. Neske and Kettering, Martin Heidegger, p. 178. 91. Giovanni Gentile, Genesis and Structure of Society, from the introduction

by Harris, p. 42. 92. Gentile, The Theory of Mind as Pure Act, pp. 112-14. 93. Lukacs, Political Writings 1919-1929, pp. 136 and 140. 94. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, p. 10. 95. Ibid. 96. Ibid., p. 4. 97. Quoted in Wolin, The Politics of Being, p. 19. 98. Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, sec. 6·421.

208 Notes

CHAPI'ER 5 FOREFATHERS AND OTHER ANCESTRAL FIGURES

1. Peter Hylton, 'Hegel as Analytic Philosophy', in C.F. Beiser (ed.), Cam­bridge Companion to Hegel (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993), p. 477.

2. Thomas E. Willey, Back to Kant: The Revival of Kantianism in German Social and Historical Thought 1860-1919 (Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1978), p. 104.

3. Weber, From Max Weber, p. 129. 4. Allen W. Wood, 'Hegel and Marxism', in Beiser, Cambridge Companion to

Hegel, p. 415. 5. Tom Rockmore, Heidegger and French Philosophy (Routledge, London,

1995), p. 29. 6. Quoted in S. Morris Engel, 'Schopenhauer's Impact on Wittgenstein', in

Michael Fox (ed.), Schopenhauer: His Philosophical Achievement (Har­vester Press, Sussex, 1980), p. 236.

7. Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein, p. 144. 8. David Avraham Weiner, Genius and Talent: Schopenhauer's Influence on

Wittgenstein's Early Philosophy (Associated University Presses, London and Toronto, 1992).

9. Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, p. 76. 10. Weiner, Genius and Talent, p. 15. 11. Ibid., p. 15. 12. Ibid., p. 10. 13. Ibid., p. 114. 14. Ibid., p. 79. 15. Ibid., p. 45. 16. Ibid., p. 41. 17. Engel, 'Schopenhauer's Impact', p. 238. 18. Ibid., p. 250. 19. Quoted in Buren, Young Heidegger, p. 371. 20. Ibid., p. 372. 21. Ibid., p. 371. 22. John Toews, 'Transformations of Hegelianism 1805-1846', in Beiser, Cam-

bridge Companion to Hegel, p. 380. 23. Ibid., p. 381. 24. Dreyfus, Being-in-the-World, p. 299. 25. Ibid., p. 300. 26. Ibid. 27. Ibid., p. 299. 28. Ibid., p. 304. 29. Ibid., p. 311. 30. Ibid., p. 314. 31. Ibid., p. 322. 32. Ibid., p. 320. 33. Ibid. 34. Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 497. 35. Ibid., p. 494. 36. Dreyfus, Being-in-the-World, p. 336.

Malign Masters 209

37. Ibid., p. 299. 38. Ibid. 39. Ibid., p. 333. 40. Ibid., p. 331. 41. See Gershon Weiler, Mauthner's Critique of Language (Cambridge Univer-

sity Press, Cambridge, 1970). 42. Janik, Essays on Wittgenstein and Weininger, p. 85. 43. Ibid., p. 84. 44. Jacques Le Rider, Le Cas Otto Weininger (Presses Universaires de France,

Paris, 1982), p. 99. 45. Ibid., p. 107. 46. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 50. 47. Kadarkay, Georg Lukacs, p. 77. 48. Ernst Bloch, Man on His Own, Essays in the Philosophy of Religion, trans.

E.B. Ashton (Herder and Herder, New York, 1970), p. 39. 49. Luklics, 'Tactics and Ethics', in Political Essays 1919-1929, p. 18. 50. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 40. 51. di Lalla, Vita di Giovanni Gentile, p. 89. 52 Ibid. 53. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 40. 54. Quoted in Guido de Ruggiero, Modem Philosophy, p. 335. 55. Ibid., p. 334. 56. Herbert Marcuse, Reason and Revolution, Hegel and the Rise of Social

Theory (Humanities Press, NY, 1954), p. 404. 57. See Jean Bollack and Heinz Wismann, 'Heidegger der Unumgiingliche', in

Pierre Bourdieu, Die Politische Ontologie Martin Heideggers (Syndikat, Frankfurt, 1976), pp. 115-2l.

58. Zimmerman, Eclipse of Self, p. 16. 59. LOwith; Nature, History and Existentialism, p. 69. 60. Sheehan, Heidegger, p. 9. 61. Rockmore, Heidegger and French Philosophy, p. 119. 62. Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein, p. 142. 63. Weiner, Genius and Talent, pp. 98-111. 64. Wittgenstein, Tractatus, sec. 6·421. 65. Zimmerman, Eclipse of the Self, p. 17. 66. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, p. xiii. 67. Gentile, La Religione, p. 406. 68. Ibid., p. 340. 69. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 182. 70. Ibid., p. 247.

CHAPTER 6 FRIENDS AND FOLLOWERS

1. Herbert Feigl, 'Wiener Kreis in America', in D. Fleming and O. Baylyn (eds.), The Intellectual Migration (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1969), p. 638.

2. Ibid.

210 Notes

3. Leszek Kolakowski, Modernity on Endless Trial (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1990), p. 108.

4. Giovanna .Borradori (ed.), Recording Metaphysics: The New Italian Phi-losophy (Northwest University Press, Evanston, lll. 1990), p. 202.

5. LOwith, My Life in Germany before and after 1933, pp. 28-9. 6. Ibid., p. 45. 7. Rockmore, Heidegger and French Philosophy, p. 1. 8. Quoted in Lowith, Martin Heidegger and European Nihilism, p. 12. 9. Harris, Social Philosophy, p. 14.

10. Merle E. Brown, Neo-Idealist Aesthetics: Croce, Gentile. Collingwood (Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1966).

11. Paul Engelmann. Letters from Ludwig Wittgenstein (Basil Blackwell, Ox­ford, 1967), p. xiv.

12. Elizabeth Young-Bruehl, Hanna Arendt. For Love of the World (Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., 1982), p. 307.

13. Neske and Kettering, Martin Heidegger, p. 134. 14. Young-Bruehl. Hannan Arendt, p. 442. 15. L. Kohler and H. Saner (eds.), Arendt-Jaspers Correspondence 1926-1969

(Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. New York, 1992). p. 628. 16. Ibid., p. 634. 17. C. Wright Mills. Sociology and Pragmatism: The Higher Learning in America

(Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1966). 18. Russell Jacoby, The Last Intellectuals (Basic Books, New York, 1987). 19. See Harry Redner, The Ends of Science: An Essay in Scientific Authority

(Westview Press, Boulder, Col., 1987), ch. 5. 20. Creegan, Wittgenstein and Kierkegaard, p. 11.

Personal Names Index

Adorno, Theodor W. 59, 133, 164, 181, 186-7

Alexander the Great 194 Althusser, Louis 59, 152, 183 Anscombe, G.E.M. 153, 185 Arendt, Hannah 10, 84, 185, 186,

187 Aristotle 111, 124 Aron, Raymond 152 Augustine (Saint) 78, 169, 170, 172 Austin, J.L. 183, 185

Bakhtin, Nicholas 19 Barth, Karl 46, 169 Bataille, Georges 152 Baumler, Alfred 60 Beaufret, Jean 182 Bieberbach, Ludwig 18 Binswanger, Ludwig 184 Black, Max 183 Bloch, Ernst 8, 9, 10, 107, III, 163,

171, 174, 175 Bohme, Jakob 166 Bolzano, Bernard 137 Bonaparte, Napoleon 150 Borradori, Giovanna 178 Boss, Medard 184 Bottomore, Tom 133 Boutreux, Pierre 145 Braig, Carl 38, 151 Brecht, Bertold 59, 81, 177 Breton, Andre 152 Brouwer, L.E.J. 18 Brown, Merle 184 Bruno, Giordano 164 Bruns, Gerald 112 Buber, Martin 9, 10, 170 Bukharin, Mikhail 145 Bultmann, Rudolf 168, 170

Calvin, Jean 169 Cantor, Georg 18, 67, 79 Caputo, John 111 Camap, Rudolf 12

Carr, H. Wildon 11 Cassirer, Ernst 119, 149, 155 Cohen, Herman 149, 150 Collingwood, R.G. 105, 129, 132,

180, 184 Congdon, Lee 51, 58 Corbin, Henri 152 Croce, Bennedetto 6, 20, 29, 33, 56,

98, 115, 116, 118, 119, 125, 129, 149, 178

d' Ancona, Alessandro 131 de Beauvoir, Simone 188 Deborin, Avram 58, 122 Derrida, Jacques 30, 165, 182 de Ruggiero, Guido 125, 126, 164,

180, 184 Desanti, Jean 152 Descartes, Rene 29, 93, 142, 161 Deutscher, Isaac 81 Dickens, Charles 147 di Lalla, Manlio 132, 164 Dilthey, Wilhelm 96, 97, Ill, 125,

133, 136, 137, 151, 169 Diogenes 194 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 166, 169, 170 Dreyfus, Hubert 33, 123, 124, 157,

158 Drury, M.O'C. 8, 78-9, 89 Dummet, Michael 137 Duns Scotus 15, 130, 136

Eckhart (Meister) 8, 124, 166, 170 Einstein, Albert 34 Elias, Norbert 129 Engel, Morris 155 Engelmann, Paul 186 Engels, Friedrich 162

Farias, Victor 6, 112 Faurisson, Robert 182 Feher, Ferenc 5, 82, 110 Feigl, Herbert 12, 18, 175 Fessard, Gaston 152

211

212 Malign Masters

Feuerbach, Ludwig 157, 162 Fichte, J.G. 29, 39, 107, 149, 152 Ficker, Ludwig. 137 Findlay, J.N. 11 Finer, Herman 81 Fiorentino, Francesco 131 Foucault, Michel 152, 183 Frege, Gottlob 20, 36, 39, 41, 79,

130, 137-9, 169 Freud, Sigmund 69, 77, 102 Freyer, Hans 152 Frisby, David 133 Fuegi, John 59 Fukuyama, Francis 177 Ftllep, Lajos 163

Gadamer, Hans-Georg 5, 184 Gellner, Ernest 104 Gentile, Giovanni see specific entries

in subject index George, Stephan 12, 63, 166 Gioberti, Vincenzo 131 GOdel, Kurt 18, 79, 128-9 Goethe, J.W. 90 Goldmann, Lucien 4, 40, 123, 160,

184 Gotheim, P. 12 Gramsci, Antonio 19, 150, 152, 177,

181 Gray, J. Glenn 186 Gurwitsch, Aron 152

Habermas, JUrgen 38, 111, 119 Haecker, Theodor 137 Hahn, Otto 12 Harries, Karsten 72, 80 Harris, H.S. 16, 55, 56, 98, 105,

116, 164 Hebel, Peter 147 Hegel, G.W.F. 43,86,95, 107, 111,

150, 156, 157 Heidegger, Martin see specific entries

in subject index Heller, Agnes 110, 185 Heraklitus 65, 92 Hilbert, David 18, 79 Hitler, Adolf 2,46, 54, 60, 86-7, 95 Holderlin, Friedrich 61, 147, 156,

166

Holmes, Roger 39, 42 Homer 91 Horkheimer, Max 133, 181 Husser!, Edmund 7, 10, 11, 20, 115,

125, 129 Hylton, Peter 149 Hyppolite, Jean 152

Jacoby, Russell 190 Jaja, Donato 20, 130, 131-2, 149 James, William 79 Janik, Allan 45, 70, 112, 160 Jaspers, Karl 8, 38, 97, 150, 155,

174, 175, 176, 177, 186 Joachim of Flora 8, 171 John of the Cross (Saint) 172 Jonas, Hans 8, 11 Joos, Ernst III JUnger, Ernst 4, 60, 69, 72

Kadarkay, Arpad 32, 105, 163 Kant, Emmanuel 59,95, 111, 119,

150, 160, 161 Karadi, Eva 115 Kautsky, Karl 152 Keynes, John Maynard 4, 19, 178 Kierkegaard, Sjilren 38, 39, 78, 96,

137, 150, 156, 158-60 Klages, Ludwig 60, 96 Klossowski, Pierre 152 Kojeve, Alexandre 150, 152, 176-7 Kolakowski, Leszek I, 57, 176 Korsch, Karl 150, 152, 181 Koyre, Alexandre 152 Kraus, Karl 10 I, 102 Kriek, Ernst 60, 152 Krushchev, Nikita 110 Kun, Bela 6, 111, 177 Kurela, Alfred 59

Lacan, Jacques 152, 184 Lange, Oskar 151 Lask, Emil 133 Lawrence, D.H. 150 Lefebvre, Henri 150 Leibniz, G.W. 35 Lenin, V.I. 47, 95, 122, 152, 162,

171 Leopardi, Giacomo 147

Personal Names Index 213

Le Rider, Jacques 160, 161 Leszani, Anna 7 Levinas, Emmanuel 184 Lichtheim, Georg III Lombardo-Radice, Giuseppe 174,

175, 177 Losurdo, Domenico 88 Uiwith, Karl 6, 8, 9-10, 12,46,92,

117, 144, 168, 180 Uiwy, Michael 58 Lukacs, Georg see specific entries in

subject index Luther, Martin 169

McGuiness, Brian 5, 35, 41, 121 Mahler, Gustav 2, 147 Maisky, Ivan 4, 19 Malcolm, Norman 183, 192 Mann, Thomas 9, 81, 150 Manzoni, AF.T. 147 Marcel, Gabriel 184 Marcuse, Herbert 165, 182 Martens, Rainer 95 Marx, Karl 28, 43, 95, 150, 156,

162 Mauthner, Friz 70-1, 127, 155, 160 Mead, G.H. 98 Meinong, Alexis 137 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 150, 152,

181 Mills, C. Wright 190 Minder, Robert 112 Moeller van den Bruck, A 152 Monk, Ray 18, 41, 66, 138, 153,

160, 169 Moore, G.E. 10, 79, 82, 90, 138,

174, 178 Milller, Max 41, 130, 144, 147 Mussolini, Benito 2, 5, 54, 55, 98, 105

Natorp, Paul 10, 149 Niekisch, Ernst 4, 69 Nietzsche, Friedrich 5-6, 33, 60-1,

72,86,90-4,96

Oakshott, Michael 180 Omodeo, Adolfo 33, 184 Ott, Hugo 186 Otto, Rudolf 7, 124

Panunzio 172 Parmenides 65, 92 Pascal, Blaise 137 Pascal, Fania 3 Paul (Saint) 168, 169 Plato 32, 78, 87, 91, 92 Plekhanov, Georgi 58 Plotinus 172 Poggeler, Otto 133 Poincare, Henri 145 Polanyi, Duczynska 57-8 Polanyi, Karl 57 Proust, Marcel ISO

Queneau, Raymond 152

Ramsay, Frank 27, 80, 185 Richardson, W.J. 17, 108 Rickert, Heinrich 20, 130, 133, 135,

169 Ricoeur, Paul 184 Rilke, Rainer Maria 166 Roberts, David 29 Rockmore, Tom 17,28,57,76, Ill,

144, 152, 169, 182 Rosenzweig, Franz 9, 38, 150 Rossi, Mario 16 Rubin, Jane 157, 158 Russell, Bertrand 20, 35, 69, 79,

115, 117-18, 119, 126-7, 129, 137, 142, 169

Ryle, Gilbert 183, 185

Sartre, Jean-Paul 104, 150, 176, 177, 182, 188

Schelling, F.W.G. 38, 96, 149, ISO, 153, 155

Schleiermacher, Friedrich 125, 137, 156

Schlick, Moritz 10. 12.49. 174, 175. 178

Schmitz. Herman 129 Schopenhauer. Arthur 36. 39. 41.

49. 67. 96. 153. 160 Schwan. Alexander 186 Sheehan. Thomas 7,42. 117. 168 Simmel. Georg 20. 86. 96, 122. 130,

132. 133 Sorel. Georges 139

214 Malign Masters

Spaventa, Bertrando 39, 131, 164, 165

Spengler, Oswald 3, 18, 60, 67, 69, 96, 97, 135

Spirito, Ugo 145, 185 Sraffa, Piero 19, 70 Stalin, Joseph 3, 4, 6, 57, 58, 59,

86, 95, ItO, 122 Strauss, Leo 30 Strawson, P.F. 183, 185 Suarez, Francisco 172 Szilasi, Wilhelm 182

Toews, John 156 Tolstoy, Leo 7, 8, 147, 160, 166,

169 Toulmin, Stephen 70 Trakl, Georg 166 Tugendhat, Ernst 146 Turner, Bryan 132

Ulbricht, Walter 59

van Buren, John 3, 7, 34, 93, 124, 133

Vatimo, Gianni 120 Vico, Giambattista 8,44, 164, 166 von Hayek, Friedrich 83-4, 89, 185

von Humboldt, Wilhelm 156 von Savigny, Friedrich 156 von Schlegel, Friedrich 156

Wagner, Richard 153, 187 Waismann, Friedrich 12, 185 Wang,Hao 108,121,126-7,128,140 Weber, Alfred 117, 129, 130 Weber, Max 13, 20, 86, 87, 98, Ill,

116-17, 119, 122, 135, 151 Weil, Eric 152 Weiler, Gershon 70 Weiner, David 153-4, 170 Weininger, Otto 3, 36, 39, 41, 45,

67, 150, 151, 157, 160, 161, 165 Whitehead, Alfred North 119, 180 Willey, Thomas 150 Wittgenstein, Ludwig see specific

entries in subject index Wolin, Richard 17, 88 Wood, Allan 152

Yorck, Count von Wartenburg 134 Young-Bruehl, Elizabeth 186

Zarathustra 92 Zimmerman, Michael 38, 170 Zinoviev, Grigori 122, 171

Subject Index

Activism inactive 45-9 passive 45

aesthetics, Marxist 59 alienation 122, 162 alterity 136 alytheia 92, 103, 128 America see United States Analytic Philosophy 15, 183 Anglo-Saxon philosophy 96, 178,

187 anti-humanism 147-8 anti-intellectualism 77 anti-Semitism 3, 66-7, 101, 182 Apocalyptic writing 58, 171

see also Eschatology Aryans 91

Aryan language 65, 73, 167 A Szellem (Journal) 163 Aujhebung 28 authoritarianism 3, 50

Behaviourists 79 Being 29, 38, 61, 62

history of see Seinsgeschichte meaning of Being 65 truth of Being 92

Being and Time (Heidegger) 14, 25, 30,42, 60, 117, 157, 167, 168, 175

Being: A Study in Ontology (Braig) 38 Beitriige zur Philosophie (Heidegger)

62, 136 Blue and Brown Books (Wittgenstein)

76 'Blum Theses' (Lukacs) 17, 58, 80 Blut und Boden 73, 147 Bolshevism 7, 51, 58, 69, 130, 152 bourgeois thinkers 80 bourgeois world 12 Brenner, Der (Journal) 137 Brothers Karamazov (Dostoevsky)

166, 169 Budapest School 11, 181

Cabbalah 166, 167, 170 Cambridge 69, 82, 118, 178,

183 capitalism 28, 122 Caporetto, battle of 7 Catholicism 7, 9, 169, 171, 172

Catholic Church 8, 55 C6risy Colloquium 183 chiliasm 8, 171 Christ 64, 65, 159 Christianity 8, 64, 90, 158-9

Christian heresy 8, 166 dogmatic 158-9 primitive 7

Church see Catholic Church Circolo di FolosofuJ 163 class-consciousness 44 classicism 81 Cogito 29, 161 Cold War 85, 96, 181 commitment 46 commodification 122 communism 51

Communist Party 47, 172 Concept of Mind (Ryle) 185 Concluding Unscientific Postscript

(Kierkegaard) 157 culture 73, 94

bourgeois 54 revolt against 40 andlanguage 71,101

Dasein 33-5, 42-3, 62, 92, 93, 103, 106, 159, 168

see also Man death 170 Death of Ivan Illych, The (Tolstoy)

166 Deconstructionism 30, 165, 182 Deed 45 democracy 91 desperados 81, 83, 85 despondents 81, 83 Destiny 109, 135, 159

215

216 Malign Masters

destruction 29 Destruction of Reason (Lukacs) 16,

59, 83, 95, 97 deus absconditus 61, 64 dialectic 97, 155 Duce see Mussolini

Ecole Nonnale 183, 189 Economic and Philosophical

Notebooks (Marx) 163 Economy and Society (Weber) 117 egalitarianism 91 Ego 34, 36-7, 42, 170 Eigenartige des Aesthetischen

(Lukacs) 110 empiricism 96, 151 end of philosophy 27 Ends of Philosophy (Redner) 20, 91,

188 England lSI, 180 Enlightenment 147 Ereignis 64, 81, 135, 136, 169 ErLOsung 170 error 47 Erschlossenheit 46 eschatology 61, 91

Eschatologie des Sein (Heidegger) 92

ethics 45, 161 ethical law 147 ethical will 49 existential 47 and logic 45

Event see Ereignis evolution creatrice III existence, authentic/inauthentic 170 Existentialism 9, 96, 177, 182 existentiell 158 Existenz 150 evil 47, 91

Fascism 2, 5, 7, 51, 55 Fall 92 fallenness 158 filosofia del manganello 47, 98 Filosofia di Marx (Gentile) 162 filosofia teologizzante 8, 10, 51, 156,

166 First World War 7, 12, 20, 85, 118

Fordism 122 Fonn of the Good 32 Fonnalism, mathematical 18 France 151, 176 Frankfurt School 133, 152, 181 Freiburg 6, 82, 130 From Phenomenology to Thought

(Richardson) 108 Fuhrer 12

Gedankenexperimente 99 Geist see Spirit Gelassenheit 81 Gemeinschaft 73, 104 General Theory of Spirit as Pure Act

(Gentile) 14, 25, 165 Genesis 167 Genesis and Structure of Society

(Gentile) 16, 74, 83, 97 genius 160, 170 'Gennan Idealism and the Present

Situation of Philosophical Problems' (Heidegger) 155

German Ideology (Marx) 157, 163, 165

Gennany 54, 61, 88, 150, 152 language 73, 94-5

Geschlecht und Charakter (Weininger) 161, 165

Gestalt 41 Gestaltists 79 theory of perception 90

Geviert 81 Gleichschaltung 6 Gnosticism 8 God 33,34 good 91 Gospels in Brief (Tolstoy) 169 Gottingen School 18 grammar 104 Greeks 95, 145

language of 65, 94-5, 103 Grundbegriffe der Metaphysic

(Heidegger) 61

haeceitas 136 Hassidism 166, 170 Hegelianism 28

Hegelian-Marxism 28

Subject Index 217

Heidegger: Denker in diirftiger Zeit (Uiwith) 13

Heidelberg 111. 133 Heilige. Das (Otto) 124 Heilsgeschichte 61, 95 hermeneutics 135 Hermeticism 166 heroism 109 hero-worship 150 History and Class Consciousness

(Lukacs) 14. 17, 25, 39. 58, 109, 117, 122, 132, 163, 175

History of the Development of Modem Drama (Lukacs) 122

history end of history 177 historia sacra 96 historicism 159 historiology 134 of ideas 94

humanism 148 Hungary 48, 181

revolution 6, 116. 177 Uprising 110, 177

Idealism 5, 28, 39, 41, 95. 149-50, 164

Absolute Idealism 28 Actual Idealism 5. 8, 16, 28, 55,

109, 116. 172 neo-Idealism 165 Romantic 38 Transcendental 153

Idea of the Gennan State. The (Kriek) 152

Indo-Aryan see Aryan intelligentsia 51

Jewish 101 intuitionism 18 irrationalism 86, 96, 150

romantic irrationalism 13 Italy 85-6, 152, 163. 164, 177

Jesus see Christ Jews 66-7, 91, 101

Judaism 9 Judeo-Christian tradition 91, 94

Kehre 15, 16-19, 53-82

labour 71, 72. 74-5 labour theory of language 70-1,

76 language 62, 63

common language 77-8. 79, 102 and culture 101 language-community 104. 106 language-game 71, 76. 98-9, 104 ordinary language 77 theory of 167

leadership 109 Latin 65,73 Lebenswelt 118, 136 Lebensphilosophie 96, 136 Left-Hegelianism 149, 162 Leninism 57 Letter on Humanism (Heidegger)

183 liberalism, authoritarian 56 linguistic philosophy 68, 183. 191 linguistic Utopia 106 logic 45, 138. 161 logical atomism 35 logical grammar 71, 104, 155 logical positivism IS. 138, 183 logical symbolism 169 Logische Untersuchungen (Husser!)

136 Logos 29,64

magic 167 Man 2, 62. 63-4. 92 Marburg 38. 149, 150, 168 Marx-Engels Institute (Moscow) 163 Marxism 8

Hegelian 15, 27 scientific 152 Western 15, 181

mathematics Aryan 18 Jewish 18 mathematical philosophy 18

Messianism 8 metaphysics 25. 27, 30. 50, 78-9

metaphysics of the Deed 43. 44 Hegelian 28

Millennarians 171 Modernism 13. 54, 95

anti-Modernism 13. 54, 78, 147

218 Malign Masters

modernity 91, 95, 101 moralism, revolutionary 58, 150 morality 91 'My Way in Phenomenology'

(Heidegger) 124 mystery 45 mysticism 38, 49, 136, 161, 179

Fascist 172 irrational 156 Lutheran 137 occult 166 Protestant 169 secular 46

myth 88, 155 of language 66 mythology 30, 62, 144

Nachlass 83, 90, 192-3 Narodniks 78 Nation 135, 164 national Bolshevism 4 nationalism 164, 165 Nature 29 Nazism 5, 46, 51, 87, 95, 159

proto-Nazism 72 neo-Kantianism 39, 149 neo-Platonism 166, 172 neo-Talmudism 84 New Left 181 New Science of Representation

(Redner) 39, 54, 71, 99, 130 new-Grammarians 70 New Testament 58, 65, 94, 168 Nietz.sche (Heidegger) 16, 83, 86 Nietzscheanism 17 nihilism 2, 60, 61, 87, 88, 91-2, 95 Nuovi Doveri (Journal) 175

objectification 122 'On the Survival of Theologizing

Philosophy' (Croce) 116 ontic 188 ontology 30, 188 Ontology of Social Being (Lukacs)

76, 110, 145 optimism, radical 85 Origin, supreme 64, 92 Origins and Doctrine of Fascism

(Gentile) 55

original sin 158 orthodes 92 Orthodoxy, Russian 9 ousia 65 Oxford 183 Oxford School 185

parousia 65, 168 Party see Communist Party pensiero pensante, pensiero pensato

188 pessimism, cultural 3, 85 phenomenology 123-4, 178 Phenomenology of Spirit (Hegel)

152 Philosophical Investigations

(Wittgenstein) 16, 76, 77, 83, 84, 88,98, 104, 108

Philosophical Notebooks (Lenin) 152

philosophical psychology 81 philosophy

Anglo-Saxon 178, 187 bourgeois 40 Continental 183, 191 professionalisation of 190 subjectivist 93

Philosophy of Money (Simmel) 132 physis 65 polis 80 politics, liberal-democratic 101,

183 Politische Philosophie im Denken

Heideggers (Schwan) 186 Popular Front 81 Positivism 38, 92, 150, 178 Pragmatism 96 pre-Socratics 91, 156 Principia Mathematics (Russell and

Whitehead) 109, 119, 161 Prolegomena to the Study of the

Child (Gentile) 74 proletariat 28, 162

dictatorship of the proletariat 80 proletarian class-consciousness

123 proletarian democracy 80

Protestantism 7, 9, 156, 169, 171 pseudo-anthropology 98

Subject Index 219

Quantum theory 143 quietism 49, 169

Rationalism 38, 150 racism 66 Realism 31, 42, 81, 161 Reason 96 reification 122, 133 Reformation 40, 130 Rektoratrede (Heidegger) 17, 61, 72,

77 Relativity, theory of 143, 146 religion 30, 50

see also Christ, Christianity, Judaism, Mysticism

Renaissance 148, 164 Representationalist Paradigm 39 Resolution see Erschlossenheit ressentiment 117 Revelation 38, 65 Revisionists 152 revolution 160, 162 Right-Hegelianism 132, 149 romanticism 147, 153, 156 Ruf 81 Russia 51, 54, 68, 96, 101, 150

Revolution 68, 69, 166

Sacrificio intellectualis 17, 50 Sal0 Republic 55, 180 salvation 51, 156, 160, 164, 170 Sanskrit 65 • Schelling: On the Essence of Human

Freedom' (Heidegger) 155 scholasticism 30

neo-scholasticism 34, 38, 84 Schopenhauerianism 44 science 139, 142, 151

anti-scientism 139, 141-7 'Science as a Vocation' (Weber)

115, 151 Scientific Revolution 39, 188 Second International 152 Second World War 2, 85 Sein und Zeit 10 Seingeschichte 66, 73, 87, 90, 92 Self see Ego Sistema di Logica 14 social psychology 98

socialism 91 societas in interiore homini 74, 98,

107 society 98 sociology 119 solipsism 27, 34, 37, 41, 103, 161 soul 33 Soul and Form (Lukacs) 14 Soviet Union see Russia Spirit 33, 41, 45, 164

see also Geist Spirit of Utopia (Bloch) 163 squadristi 47 Stalinism 105 Star of Redemption (Rosenzweig)

38 State, The (Freyer) 152 state 80

corporate state 56, 80 ethical state 56 Fascist 55, 80

subjectivity 39 subject-object 40

Sunday Circle see Budapest School 'Survival of the Theologizing

Philosophy' (Croce) 116

Taylorism 122 technology 93, 142 theogony 62 theology 30

occult 166 secular 159-60

Theory of the Mind as Pure Act see General Theory of Spirit as Pure Act

Theory of the Novel (Luklics) Third International 171 Third Reich 135 Third Reich, The (Moeller van den

Bruck) 152 Thomas Miintzer: Theologian of

Revolution (Bloch) 8 thought 92, 165 Time 62

kairological 168 Tolstoyans 78 totality 5, 31-3, 59

totalizing word-view 59, 106

220 Malign Masters

totalitarianism 2, 5, 15, 51, 55 Tradition 25, 26, 29, 78 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

(Wittgenstein) 14, 25, 27, 35, 41, 45, 69, 103-4, 108, 137, 139-41, 153, 160-1, 167, 175

Trinity 64 true world 92 TIibingen School 38 Turning see Kehre

Obermensch 88 Umwelt 136 United States 86, 150, 183

Ivy League universities 189, 192 Uomo. I' 2 Urphiinomena 104

Vienna 3 Vienna Circle 18, 39, 67, 69, 139, 178

violence 47 Volk 41, 73, 78, 106, 147

Weimar Republic 54 Weltanschauung 45, 59, 78 Will 44-5

Will to Power 93, 142 word see Logos word-work 76-7 worker 72 work see labour World Spirit 150 world-will 49 world-view see Weltanschauung

Young Hegel, The (Dilthey) 151 Young Hegel, The (Lukacs) 76

zugerechnetes Bewusstsein see proletariat class-consciousness