NOT THOSE TYPES OF STARS! LIFE CYCLE OF STARS WHAT IS A STAR? Star = ball of plasma undergoing...
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Transcript of NOT THOSE TYPES OF STARS! LIFE CYCLE OF STARS WHAT IS A STAR? Star = ball of plasma undergoing...
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N O T T H O S E T Y P E S O F S TA R S !
LIFE CYCLE OF STARS
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WHAT IS A STAR?
• Star = ball of plasma undergoing nuclear fusion.• Stars give off large
amounts of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. • An x-ray image of
the sun.
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THE FIRST STEP!
• Stars are formed in a Nebula. • A Nebula is a very large cloud of gas and dust in space.
Orion Nebula
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PROTOSTARS
• Dense areas of gas in the nebula collect due to gravity.• The dense areas of
gas take on a definite shape called protostars.
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PROTOSTAR
• As gas is added, the pressure in its core increases.• Causing the gas molecules to move
faster, increasing friction.• Causing heat to be generated, increasing
core temperature leading to fusion.
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NUCLEAR FUSION
• Nuclear Fusion: process by which two nuclei combine to form a heavier element.• New stars initially
will fuse hydrogen nuclei to form helium.
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MAIN SEQUENCE STARS
• Results when protostar starts fusion• They fuse hydrogen to form helium, releasing enormous amounts of energy.• It takes about 10 billion years to consume all the hydrogen in a Main Sequence star.• The sun is a main sequence star!
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RED GIANTS
• Collapsing outer layers cause core to heat up.• Fusion of helium into carbon begins.• Outer shell expands from 1 to at least 40
million miles across. ( 10 to 100 times larger than the Sun)• Red Giants last for about 100 million
years.
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DYING A SLOW DEATH – MASS MATTERS
Red Giant
Mass < 3 x sun
White Dwarf
Black Dwarf
Mass > 3x sun
Red Super Giant
Super Nova
Neutron Star
Black Hole
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WHITE DWARFS
• Fusion stops• The core is now very
dense and very hot. (A tablespoon full would weigh 5 tons!)• The core begins to
cool.• A white dwarf is
about 8,000 miles in diameter.
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BLACK DWARFS
Eventually white dwarf cools to point where it emits no visible light
A black dwarf will continue to generate gravity and low energy transmissions (radio waves).
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RED SUPER GIANTS
• If the mass of a star is 3 times sun or greater, the Red Giant will become a Red Supergiant.• Fuses carbon to iron.• The star will expand to be between 10 and
1000 times larger than our sun.
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RED SUPER GIANTS
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SUPERNOVA
• When a Supergiant fuses all of the Carbon into Iron, there is no more fuel left to consume.• The Core of the supergiant will then
collapse in less than a second, causing a massive explosion called a supernova.• A massive shockwave is produced that blows
away the outer layers of the star.• Supernova shine brighter then whole galaxies for
a few years.
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SUPERNOVA
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NEUTRON STAR
• Leftover core of super nova• If it has a mass of
less than 3 solar masses, then the core becomes a neutron star.
• 6 miles in diameter!
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BLACK HOLES
• If the mass of the surviving core is greater than 3 solar masses, then a black hole forms.• A black hole is a core so dense and massive it will generate so much gravity that not even light can escape it.