Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved Info@super … · 2018-05-02 · Goossens RH,...

8
Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 1 All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] Forschritte in der Ätiologie der Druckgeschwüre und die Rolle von Druck, Reibung und Mikroklima. Bart Van der Heyden, Physical Therapist [email protected] www.super-seating.com All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] ‘De Kine’ Bart Van der Heyden Physical Therapist Consultant Rollstuhlsitz, Rollstuhlmobilität und Wundmanagementspezialist Klinischer Support, Ausbildung, Produktentwicklung, Regulatory und Account Support www.super-seating.com [email protected] All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] Druckgeschwüre beeinflussen fast ALLE Rollstuhlfahrer 1. Salzberg CA, Byrne DW, Cayten CG, van Niewerburgh P, Murphy JG, Viehbeck M. A new pressure ulcer risk assessment scale for individuals with spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 75: 96– 104, 1996 2. Garber, S.L., Rintala, D.H., Hart, K.A., Fuhrer, M.J., 2000. Pressure ulcer risk in spinal cord injury: predictors of ulcer status over 3 years. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 81, 465– 471. 3. Krause, J.S., Broderick, L., 2004. Patterns of recurrent pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury: identification of risk and protective factors 5 or more years after onset. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85, 1257–1264. Druckgeschwüre = allgemeine Bezeichnung(1) 2016 : NPUAP ‘Druckverletzung’ 1 von 3 SCI in 1 Jahr und 9 von 10 im Leben(2,3) SADTI (Seating Acquired Deep Tissue Injury) Sitzende Erworbene Deep Tissue Injury Deep tissue under buttocks, bone muscle interface SADTI effects wheelchair users most despite prevention All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] Mechanische Beladungs- und Gewebenekrose-Hypothese 1. Salzberg CA, Byrne DW, Cayten CG, van Niewerburgh P, Murphy JG, Viehbeck M. A new pressure ulcer risk assessment scale for individuals with spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 75: 96–104, 1996 Ischämie Hypothese : Mechanische Belastung des Gewebes beeinträchtigt die arteriellen Blutgefäße und verursacht lokale Ischämie. All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] Mechanische Beladungs- und Gewebenekrose-Hypothese All rights reserved, may not be reprod All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] Streichholz-Analogie All rights reserved, may not be reprod @super-seati eatin at atin atin ating ati ting tin ting ing in ng ng n ng ng g ng at atin atin ting t ting i ing n atin in in n ting in ing ng ng n g n ng n ng g tin ti n tin n g n ng .com . .com .com com .com co com o .com m com m . co .com . .com m .com c co .c . . c . c co m

Transcript of Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved Info@super … · 2018-05-02 · Goossens RH,...

Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com

Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 1

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Forschritte in der Ätiologie der Druckgeschwüre und die Rolle

von Druck, Reibung und Mikroklima.

Bart Van der Heyden, Physical Therapist

[email protected]

www.super-seating.com

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

‘De Kine’

Bart Van der Heyden

Physical Therapist

Consultant

•  Rollstuhlsitz, Rollstuhlmobilität und

Wundmanagementspezialist

•  Klinischer Support, Ausbildung,

Produktentwicklung, Regulatory und

Account Support

www.super-seating.com

•  [email protected]

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Druckgeschwüre beeinflussen fast ALLE Rollstuhlfahrer

1.  Salzberg CA, Byrne DW, Cayten CG, van Niewerburgh P, Murphy JG, Viehbeck M. A new pressure ulcer risk assessment scale for individuals with spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 75: 96–104, 1996

2.  Garber, S.L., Rintala, D.H., Hart, K.A., Fuhrer, M.J., 2000. Pressure ulcer risk in spinal cord injury: predictors of ulcer status over 3 years. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 81, 465–471.

3.  Krause, J.S., Broderick, L., 2004. Patterns of recurrent pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury: identification of risk and protective factors 5 or more years after onset. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85, 1257–1264.

•  Druckgeschwüre = allgemeine Bezeichnung(1)

•  2016 : NPUAP ‘Druckverletzung’

•  1 von 3 SCI in 1 Jahr und 9 von 10 im Leben(2,3)

•  SADTI (Seating Acquired Deep Tissue Injury) – Sitzende Erworbene Deep Tissue Injury

•  Deep tissue under buttocks, bone muscle interface

•  SADTI effects wheelchair users most despite prevention

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Mechanische Beladungs- und Gewebenekrose-Hypothese

1. Salzberg CA, Byrne DW, Cayten CG, van Niewerburgh P, Murphy JG, Viehbeck M. A new pressure ulcer risk assessment scale for individuals with spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 75: 96–104, 1996

Ischämie Hypothese:

•  Mechanische Belastung des Gewebes beeinträchtigt die arteriellen

Blutgefäße und verursacht lokale Ischämie.

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Mechanische Beladungs- und Gewebenekrose-Hypothese

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced wi All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Streichholz-Analogie

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced wi info@super-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seating.com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com

Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com

Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 2

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Streichholz-Analogie

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced wi info@super-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seatingr-seating.com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com .com All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Streichholz-Analogie

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced wi eyden, PT – [email protected]

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Streichholz-Analogie

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Hd, may not be reproduced wi eyden, PT – [email protected] Druck = Kraft / Oberfläche

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

SADTI Etiology – Ischämie Hypothese

Mechanical loading and tissue necrosis

hypotheses

Ischemia Hypothesis:

•  Kosiak (1958) stellte fest, dass der Druck

Druckgeschwüre verursacht, nicht jedoch, ob

der Effekt durch Druck verursacht wirt. (1,2)

•  Zeit - Druck

1. Kosiak M. Etiology and pathology of ischemic ulcers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 40: 62–69, 1959. 2. Kosiak M, Kubicek WG, Olson M, Danz JN, Kottke FJ. Evaluation of pressure as a factor in the production of ischial ulcers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 39: 10: 623–629, 1958.

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

SADTI Etiology – Ischämie Hypothese

Daniel’s : Muskelgewebe bricht vor der Hautgewebe zusammen(1)

Zhang and Roberts : Scherkraft verringert den Blutfluss mehr als eine Normalkraft

der gleichen Größenordnung (2)

1.  Daniel RK, Priest DL, Wheatley DC. Etiologic factors in pressure sores: an experimental model. Arch

Phys Med Rehabil 62: 492–498, 1981 2.  2. Zhang M, Roberts VC. The effect of shear forces externally applied to skin surface on underlying

tissues. J Biomed Eng 15: 451–456, 1993.

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Streichholz-Analogie

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced wi

logie

Pressure = Force / Surface

Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com

Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 3

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

SADTI Etiology – Ischämie Hypothese Bennett et al. : Die Scherkraft bei sitzenden geriatrischen und paraplegischen Patienten war etwa dreimal höher als bei gesunden Probanden.

Hautdurchblutungsvermögens bei geriatrischen und paraplegischen Patienten betrugen nur ein Drittel der Normalwerte (1,2)

Goossens et al. : Shear beeinflusst Ischämie, aber eine Kombination aus Normalkraft, Scherkraft und Deformation erzeugt Stress für das darunter liegende Gewebe.

Dieser Spannungszustand ist stark lokalisiert und komplex und trennt sich nicht notwendigerweise in Scherkraft- und normale Komponenten (3)

Die Erholung des Blutflusses nach der Belastung ist ein direktes Maß für die Anfälligkeit für Druckgeschwüre(4)

1. Bennett L, Kavner D, Lee BK, Trainor FA. Shear vs pressure as causative factors in skin blood flow occlusion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 60: 7: 309–314, 1979. 2. Bennett L, Kavner D, Lee BY, Trainor FS, Lewis JM. Skin stress and blood flow in sitting paraplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 65: 186–190, 1984. 3. Goossens RH, Zegers R, Hoek van Dijke GA, Snijders CJ. Influence of shear on skin oxygen tension. Clin Physiol 14: 111–118, 1994 4. Meijer JH, Germs PH, Schneider H, Ribbe MW. Susceptibility to decubitus ulcer formation. Arch Phys

Med Rehabil 75: 318–323, 1994

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

SADTI Etiology – Reperfusionshypothese

Reperfusion des Gewebes nach einem ischämischen Ereignis > Zelltod und den

Schaden ist mehr als die tatsächliche Ischämie verursacht (1,2)

Reperfusion ist positiv korreliert mit der Dauer der Ischämie(3).

1.  Peirce SM, Skalak TC, Rodeheaver GT. Ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic pressure ulcer formation: A skin model in the rat. Wound Repair Regen 8: 68–76, 2000

2.  Tsuji S, Ichioka S, Sekiya N, Nakatsuka T. Analysis of ischemia- reperfusion injury in a microcirculatory model of pressure ulcers. Wound Repair Regen 13: 209–215, 2005.

3.  Thorfinn J, Sjöberg F, Lidman D. Perfusion of buttock skin in healthy volunteers after long and short repetitive loading evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imager. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand

Surg 41: 297–302, 2007.

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Streichholz-Analogie

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced wi

logie

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

SADTI Etiology – Verformungshypothese

•  Deformation der Zellen kann individuellen Zelltod verursachen, der zu Nekrose

führt

•  Husain (1) Rattenmuskeln mit mechanischer Belastung und hydrostatischer

Belastung. Mechanische Belastung erzeugt eine komplexe Kombination von Zug-,

Druck- und Scherspannungen in den Geweben

•  Die Zellen waren im allgemeinen sehr robust gegen hydrostatischen

Druck, während die Punktlast Nekrose verursachte.

1. Husain T. An experimental study of some pressure effects on tissues, with reference to the bed-sore problem. J Pathol Bacteriol 66: 347–358, 1953

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Streichholz-Analogie

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced wi Zellmembran defekte All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

SADTI Etiology – Verformungshypothese •  Gawlitta et al. (1,2) Haben untersucht, wie viel Hypoxie und Kompression zur

Muskelgewebsnekrose.

•  Es wurde festgestellt, dass Hypoxie innerhalb der ersten 22 Stunden nicht zu Gewebeschäden führt, während eine Kompression von 30 bis 50% innerhalb weniger Stunden zum Zelltod führt.

•  Stekelenburg et al. (3) führten verforming an Muskelgewebe von Rattenunter Verwendung von MRI-Scans und Histologie zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten durch, um den Grad der Nekrose zu bestimmen.

•  Deformation verursachte Nekrose in Rattenmuskeln, wo der Perfusionsschaden reversibel war.

•  Linder-Ganz (4) Zeit / Verformung-Beziehung

1. Gawlitta D, Li W, Oomens CW, Baaijens FP, Bader DL, Bouten CV. The relative contributions of compression and hypoxia to development of muscle tissue damage: an in vitro study. Ann Biomed Eng 35: 273–284, 2007. 2. Gawlitta D, Oomens CW, Bader DL, Baaijens FP, Bouten CV. Tem- poral differences in the influence of ischemic factors and deformation on the metabolism of engineered skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 103: 464– 473, 2007. 3. Stekelenburg A, Oomens CW, Strijkers GJ, Nicolay K, Bader DL. Compression-induced deep tissue injury examined with magnetic reso- nance imaging and histology. J Appl Physiol 100: 1946–1954, 2006 4. Linder-Ganz E, Engelberg S, Scheinowitz M, Gefen A. Pressure-time cell death threshold for albino rat skeletal muscles as related to pressure sore biomechanics. J Biomech 39: 2725–2732, 2006.

Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com

Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 4

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Finite-Elemente-Modelle (FEM)

•  FEM by Linder-Ganz et al. (1) MRI-Gerät ermöglicht das Scannen einer Sitzposition mit den deformierten Weichgeweben bis zu ihren endgültigen Positionen. Ein Scan wurde durchgeführt, wobei das Subjekt auf einer Gummiröhre saß, ohne das Gesäß zu belasten, und bei einem weiteren Scan wurde das Subjekt auf einen Stuhl gesetzt. Die zwei Scans wurden verglichen und die Spannungen wurden aus den beobachteten Verformungen bei sechs gesunden Individuen berechnet.

•  Die von den Probanden während der Scans erreichte Sitzposition wurde nicht gemeldet,

und aus dem Papier ist nicht ersichtlich, ob eine Rückenlehne enthalten war.

•  Paraplegiker leiden im Musculus glutaeus maximus unter Stresszuständen, die höher als normal sind

1.  Linder-Ganz E, Shabshin N, Itzchak Y, Gefen A. Assessment of mechanical conditions in sub-dermal

tissues during sitting: a combined experimental-MRI and finite element approach. J Biomech 40: 1443–1454, 2007

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Finite-Elemente-Modelle (FEM)

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Finite Element Models (FEM)

•  FEM by Linder-Ganz et al. (1). This model was constructed by means of a double MRI device enabling scanning of a seated posture, i.e., with the soft tissues deformed to their final positions. One scan was performed with the subject floating on a rubber tube with no load on the buttocks and another scan had the subject seated on a chair. The two scans were compared and the stresses were calculated from the observed deformations in six healthy individuals.

•  The seated position attained by the subjects during the scans was unreported and it is not clear from the paper whether a backrest was included.

•  Paraplegic patients suffer from higher than normal stress states within the gluteus maximus muscle

•  Ein dreidimensionales FEM wurde von Siefert et al. Im Hinblick auf die Automobilindustrie entwickelt. (2) und führte zum kommerziell erhältlichen Modell CASIMIR

1.  Linder-Ganz E, Shabshin N, Itzchak Y, Gefen A. Assessment of mechanical conditions in sub-dermal

tissues during sitting: a combined experimental-MRI and finite element approach. J Biomech 40: 1443–1454, 2007

2.  Siefert A, Pankokea S, Wölfela H. Virtual optimisation of car passenger seats: Simulation of static and dynamic effects on drivers’ seating comfort. Int J Ind Ergonomics 38: 410, 2008

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Finite-Elemente-Modelle (FEM) und Gewebetoleranz

•  Zunahme des Zelltods mit der Zeit unter statischer Belastung, n im beladenen Bio-

Artifiziellen Muskel (BAM) (1)

•  Belastung 65% für ca. 1 h tolerierbar.

•  Belastungen 40% für bis zu 4,75 h.

•  Die Toleranz der Muskelzellen gegenüber kompressiven Belastungen nahm zwischen

1 und 3 Stunden nach der Belastung signifikant ab. Ähnliche Trends wurden in einem

DTI-Tiermodell berichtet (Linder-Ganz et al., 2006).

1.  Gefen A, van Nierop B, Bader D, Oomens C. Strain time cell death threshold for skeletal muscle in a tissue engineered model system for deep tissue injury. J Biomech 41: 2003-20012,2008

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Sitzhaltung

Ein wesentlicher Teil der Forschung hat sich auf die Sitzhaltung konzentriert, ausgehend von

der Hypothese, dass die Haltung die Entstehung von Druckgeschwüren beeinflusst

(1,2,3,4,5,6,7).

1.  Brienza DM, Karg PE, JoGeyer M, Kelsey S, Trefler E. The relation- ship between pressure ulcer incidence and buttock-seat cushion interface pressure in at-risk elderly wheelchair users. Arch Phys

Med Rehabil 82: 529–533, 2001. 2.  Conine TA, Hershler C, Daechsel D, Peel C, Pearson A. Pressure ulcer prophylaxis in elderly patients

using polyurethane foam or Jay wheelchair cushions. Int J Rehabil Res 17: 123–137, 1994 3.  Gilsdorf P, Patterson R, Fisher S. Thirty-minute continuous sitting force measurements with different

support surfaces in the spinal cord injured and able-bodied. J Rehabil Res Dev 28: 33–38, 1991 4.  Gilsdorf P, Patterson R, Fisher S, Appel N. Sitting forces and wheel- chair mechanics. J Rehabil Res

Dev 27: 239–246, 1990. 5.  Hobson DA. Comparative effects of posture on pressure and shear at the body-seat interface. J

Rehabil Res Dev 29: 21–31, 1992 6.  Maurer CL, Sprigle S. Effect of seat inclination on seated pressures of individuals with spinal cord

injury. Phys Ther 84: 255–261, 2004 7.  van Geffen P, Reenalda J, Veltink PH, Koopman BF. Effects of sagittal postural adjustments on seat

reaction load. J Biomech 41: 2237–2245, 2008.

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Sitzhaltung

•  Haltungsforschung zeigt, dass die Haltung Einfluss auf Kräfte und Kräfte hat, die

Geschwüre verursachen

•  Experimentelle Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Haltung und Kräften

•  Beziehungen zwischen Kräften und Haltungen.

•  Druckmessung und die Beziehungen zu Haltungen

1.  Shirado O, Kawase M, Minami A, Strax TE. Quantitative evaluation of long sitting in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85: 1251–1256, 2004

Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com

Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 5

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Mikroklima und Inkontinenz - assoziierte Dermatitis IAD

•  Moisture Associated Skin Damage (MASD)

•  Mikroklima: Temperatur der Hautoberfläche und Feuchtigkeit der Haut

•  Beeinflussung des Gewebes durch Einwirkung von Druck, Scherung oder

Reibung

•  Kontaktdermatitis bei Patienten mit Stuhl- und / oder Harninkontinenz

•  Prävalenz (IAD zu einem definierten Zeitpunkt): 5,6% und 50%

•  Inzidenz: (IAD Entwicklung im Laufe der Zeit): 3,4% - 25%

Peterson KJ, Bliss dZ, nelson c, savik K. Practices of nurses and nursing assistants in preventing incontinence associated dermatitis in acutely/critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care 2006; 15(3): 325. Junkin J, selekof JL. Prevalence of incontinence and associated skin injury in the acute care inpatient. J WOCN 2007; 34(30: 260-69. Graym,Beeckmand,BlissdZ,etal.Incontinence-associateddermatitis:a comprehensive review and update. J WOCN 2012; 39(1): 61-74. Campbell JL, coyer Fm, osborne sr. Incontinence-associated dermatitis: a cross-sectional prevalence study in the australian acute care hospital setting. Int Wound J 2014; doi:10.1111/iwj.12322

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Mikroklima und Inkontinenz - assoziierte Dermatitis IAD

oduced wioduced without perthout permission omission of the autf the author Bart hor Bart Van der HVan der Heyden, PTeyden, PT – info@[email protected]

•  Der pH-Wert gesunder Haut liegt zwischen pH 4-6

•  Inkontinenz zieht Wasser ein und wird in den Korneozyten gehalten

•  Überhydratation und Schwellung der Strateocornicit (SC) -Strukturen erhöhen den

Reibungskoeffizienten

•  Reizungen pentretrate SC-Strukturen führen zu Entzündungen und Verletzungen

•  Inkontinentz erhöht den pH-Wert und das Infektionsrisiko

•  äkalien enthalten Lipid- und Protein-verdauende Enzyme, schädigen SC

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Inkontinentz – Assoziierte Dermatitis IAD

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Inkontinentz – Assoziierte Dermatitis IAD

1.Sofer r, Gefen a. effects of skin wrinkles, age and wetness on mechanical loads in the stratum corneum as related to skin lesions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011; 49(1): 97-105.

2. shaked e, Gefen a. modeling the effects of moisture-related skin-support friction on the risk for super cial pressure ulcers

during patient repositioning in bed. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2013; 1: 1-7.

•  IAD ist eine Top-Down-Verletzung - PU-Bottom-up-Verletzung

•  Oberflächliche Verletzungen werden hauptsächlich durch Reibungskräfte

verursacht

•  Mikroklima erhöht Risiko für oberflächliche Geschwüre (1,2)

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

IAD vs. PU

IAD

1.  URSACHE Feuchtigkeit + Reibung

2.  STELLE Peri-anal

3.  FORM Diffuse – Kissing Ulcer

4.  TIEFE Superficial

5.  NECROSE No

6.  KANTEN Diffus – unregelmäßig

7.  FARBE Rötung nicht gleich

PU

1.  URSACHE Druck / Scher

2.  STELLE Bony Prominence

3.  FORM 1 spot

4.  TIEFE Superficial/deep

5.  NECROSE Possible

6.  KANTEN Deutlich

7.  FARBE Rötung ist gleich

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com

Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 6

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

IAD

1.  URSACHE Feuchtigkeit + Reibung

2.  STELLE Peri-anal

3.  FORM Diffuse – Kissing Ulcer

4.  TIEFE Superficial

5.  NECROSE No

6.  KANTEN Diffus – unregelmäßig

7.  FARBE Rötung nicht gleich

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

PU

1.  URSACHE Druck / Scherung

2.  STELLE Bony Prominence

3.  FORM 1 spot

4.  TIEFE Superficial/deep

5.  NECROSE Possible

6.  KANTEN Deutlich

7.  FARBE Rötung ist gleich

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected] All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

IAD vs. PU

PU

1.  URSACHE Druck / Scherung

2.  STELLE Bony Prominence

3.  FORM 1 spot

4.  TIEFE Superficial/deep

5.  NECROSE Possible

6.  KANTEN Deutlich

7.  FARBE Rötung ist gleich

IAD

1.  URSACHE Feuchtigkeit + Reibung

2.  STELLE Peri-anal

3.  FORM Diffuse – Kissing Ulcer

4.  TIEFE Superficial

5.  NECROSE No

6.  KANTEN Diffus – unregelmäßig

7.  FARBE Rötung nicht gleich

Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com

Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 7

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

Module Program 2018

!"#$%&'('

) *+,+$-'./,%0-1-'

) 21#&"''

!"#$%&'3'

) 4&561/"%"70'

) 81"6&9:,/19-'

) ;,+:"%"70'

) ;5&--$5&'<%9&5-'

!"#$%&'='

) *9"%1"-1-'!,/,7&6&/+'

) >'*&,+1/7'*+&?-'

!"#$%&'@'

) A0?:"-1-'!,/,7&6&/+'

) >'*&,+1/7'*+&?-'

!"#$%&'>''

) B$/9+1"/,%'!,/,7&6&/+'

) C&,#D'C,/#D';5"?$%-1"/'

) >'*&,+1/7'*+&?-'

!"#$%&'E'

) !"F1%1+0'!,/,7&6&/+'

) >'*&,+1/7'*+&?-'

!"#$%&'G'

) H&I'*+,+$-'./,%0-1-'

) 21#&"'

J",9:1/7''

) J",9:1/7'#1KK&5&/+'!"#$%&-'

) L/'+:&'M"F'N'K1&%#'+5,1/1/7'

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

References (pressure ulcers)

•  Dealey C, The size of the pressure sore problem in a teaching hospital. J Adv Nurs 1991; 16: 663-70

•  Meehan M, Multisite pressure ulcer prevalence study. Decubitus 1990; 3: 14-7

•  Haalboom JRE, Medical perspectives in the 21st century, In Pressure Ulcer Research Current and

Future Perspectives, edited by DL Bader, CVC Bouten , D Colin, CWJ Oomens. Springer- Verlag, 2005; 11-21

•  Gunningberg L, Are patients with or at risk of pressure ulcers allocated appropriate prevention measures? Int J Nurs Pract 2005; 11(2): 58-67

•  Byrne DW, Salzberg CA, Major risk factors for pressure ulcers in the spinal cord disabled: a literature review. Spinal cord 1996; 34(5): 255-63

•  Garber SL, Rintala, DH, Pressure ulcers in veterans with spinal cord injury: a retrospective study. J

Rehabil Res Dev 2003; 40(5): 433-41

•  Yarkony GM, Matthews KP, Carlson C, Roth EJ, Lovell L, Classification of pressure ulcers. Arch

Dermatol 1990; 126: 1218-9

•  Harker J, Pressure ulcer classification. J Wound Care 2000; 9: 275-7

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

References (pressure ulcers)

•  Research Current and Future Perspectives, edited by DL Bader, CVC Bouten , D Colin, CWJ

Oomens. Springer- Verlag, 2005, p73- 88

•  Swain ID, Bader DL, The measurement of interface pressure and its role in soft tissue

breakdown. J Tissue Viability 2002; 12(4):132-46

•  Janssen TWJ, Smit C, Hopman MT, Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers using

electrical stimulation. In Pressure Ulcer Research Current and Future Perspectives, edited by

DL Bader, CVC Bouten , D Colin, CWJ Oomens. Springer- Verlag, 2005, p89-107

•  Gefen A, Gefen N, Linder-Ganz E, Margulies SS, In vivo muscle stiffening under bone

compression promotes deep pressure sores. J Biomech Eng 2005; 127(3): 512-24

Walker PM, Ischemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Ann Vasc Surg 1991; 5(4): 399-402

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

References (pressure ulcers)

•  Dealey C, The size of the pressure sore problem in a teaching hospital. J Adv Nurs 1991; 16: 663-70

•  Meehan M, Multisite pressure ulcer prevalence study. Decubitus 1990; 3: 14-7

•  Haalboom JRE, Medical perspectives in the 21st century, In Pressure Ulcer Research Current and

Future Perspectives, edited by DL Bader, CVC Bouten , D Colin, CWJ Oomens. Springer- Verlag,

2005; 11-21

•  Gunningberg L, Are patients with or at risk of pressure ulcers allocated appropriate prevention

measures? Int J Nurs Pract 2005; 11(2): 58-67

•  Byrne DW, Salzberg CA, Major risk factors for pressure ulcers in the spinal cord disabled: a literature

review. Spinal cord 1996; 34(5): 255-63

•  Garber SL, Rintala, DH, Pressure ulcers in veterans with spinal cord injury: a retrospective study. J

Rehabil Res Dev 2003; 40(5): 433-41

•  Yarkony GM, Matthews KP, Carlson C, Roth EJ, Lovell L, Classification of pressure ulcers. Arch

Dermatol 1990; 126: 1218-9

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

References (pressure ulcers)

•  Harker J, Pressure ulcer classification. J Wound Care 2000; 9: 275-7

•  EPUAP, Guidelines on treatment of pressure ulcers. EPUAP review 1999; 2: 31- 33

•  EPUAP,Guidetopressureulcergrading.EPUAPreview2002;3:75

•  Bouten CVC, Oomens CWJ, Baaijens FPT, Bader DL, The etiology of pressure ulcers: skin deep or muscle bound? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84(4): 619-9

•  Stekelenburg A, Oomens CWJ, Bader DL, Compression-induced tissue damage: animal models. In Pressure Ulcer Research Current and Future Perspectives, edited by DL Bader,

CVC Bouten, D Colin, CWJ Oomens. Springer- Verlag, 2005; 187-204

•  Peirce SM, Skalak TC, Rodeheaver GT, Ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic pressure ulcer

formation: a skin model in the rat. Wound Repair Regen 2000; 8(1): 68-76

•  Daniel RK, Priest DL, Wheatley DC, Etiologic factors in pressure sores: An experimental

model. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981; 62(10): 492-8

•  Kosiak M, Etiology of decubitus ulcers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1961; 42: 19-29

All rights reserved, may not be reproduced without permission of the author Bart Van der Heyden, PT – [email protected]

References (pressure ulcers)

•  Patel S, Knapp CF, Donofrio JC, Salcido R, Temperature effects on surface pressure-induced changes in rat skin perfusion: implications in pressure ulcer development. J Rehabil Res Dev

1999; 36(3): 189-201

•  Linder-Ganz E, Gefen A, Mechanical compression-induced pressure sores in rat hindlimb: muscle stiffness, histology, and computational models, J Appl Physiol 2004; 96; 2034-2049

•  Oomens CWJ, Bressers OFJT, Bosboom EMH, Bouten CVC, Bader DL, Can loaded interface charateristics influence strain distributions in muscle adjacent to bony prominences? Comput.

Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. 2003; 6(3): 171-80

•  Breuls RG, Bouten CV, Oomens CWJ, Bader DL, Baaijens FP, Compression induced cell

damage in engineered muscle tissue: an in vitro model to study pressure ulcer aetiology. Ann

Biomed Eng 2003; 31(11): 1357-64

•  B, Nanz D, Assessment of skeletal muscle perfusion by contrast medium first- pass magnetic resonance imaging: Technical feasibility and preliminary experience in healthy volunteers, J.

Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004; 20: 111-121

Not intended for distribution, all rights reserved [email protected] www.Super-Seating.com

Created by Bart Van der Heyden, PT 8

https://www.linkedin.com/in/bartvanderheydenpt

[email protected]

www.super-seating.com

Thank you!