NorwayNorwayMosjøenMosjøen

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Historical facts:Historical facts: 1350: the Black plague, "Svartedauen" sweeps Denmark and 1350: the Black plague, "Svartedauen" sweeps Denmark and

Scandinavia killing one third of the inhabitants Scandinavia killing one third of the inhabitants

1397 - Union of Kalmar unites Denmark, Sweden and Norway under 1397 - Union of Kalmar unites Denmark, Sweden and Norway under a single monarch. Denmark is the dominant powera single monarch. Denmark is the dominant power

1536 Danish becomes the written language of Norway1536 Danish becomes the written language of Norway 1814 The Norwegian constitution was written1814 The Norwegian constitution was written 1814 The peace treaty of Kiel and Denmark cedes Norway to 1814 The peace treaty of Kiel and Denmark cedes Norway to

SwedenSweden 1905 The union with Sweden disintegrates and Norway becomes an 1905 The union with Sweden disintegrates and Norway becomes an

independent kingdomindependent kingdom 1905 The Danish prince Karl becomes King Haakon VII of Norway1905 The Danish prince Karl becomes King Haakon VII of Norway 1914-18 World War I and Norway remains neutral1914-18 World War I and Norway remains neutral 1940 9th of April Germany occupies Norway1940 9th of April Germany occupies Norway 1945 8th of May Germany surrenders to the Allies and the Nazi-1945 8th of May Germany surrenders to the Allies and the Nazi-

occupation ends in Norwayoccupation ends in Norway 1945- today: Indipendence - Social Democracy and the OIL1945- today: Indipendence - Social Democracy and the OIL The Welfare StateThe Welfare State

The founding of NorwayThe founding of Norway King Harald Fairhair is the king who is King Harald Fairhair is the king who is

credited by later tradition as having credited by later tradition as having unified Norway into one kingdom. unified Norway into one kingdom. According to the sagas, he ruled According to the sagas, he ruled Norway from approximately 872 to 930.Norway from approximately 872 to 930.

1814 - The Norwegian constitution1814 - The Norwegian constitution

The Norwegian constitution was The Norwegian constitution was inspired by the United States inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence in Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the French revolution 1776 and the French revolution in 1789 and the subsequent in 1789 and the subsequent U.S. and French constitutions. U.S. and French constitutions.

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War and Occupation (1940 - 1945)War and Occupation (1940 - 1945)

When the Germans invaded in 1940 they When the Germans invaded in 1940 they demanded an end to all opposition, and acceptance demanded an end to all opposition, and acceptance of a german occupation. These demands were of a german occupation. These demands were refused by the King and the government. refused by the King and the government.

The fighting in southern Norway lasted three weeks, The fighting in southern Norway lasted three weeks, but the struggle continued in the Narvik area until but the struggle continued in the Narvik area until the 7th of June. the 7th of June.

Then the government and the royal family crossed Then the government and the royal family crossed to London to carry on the war.to London to carry on the war.

In Norway the Germans set about reorganising the In Norway the Germans set about reorganising the country along Nazi lines with the help of Vidkun country along Nazi lines with the help of Vidkun Quisling and NS. Quisling and NS.

But this was thwarted by the people in the worlds of But this was thwarted by the people in the worlds of sport, the Church, education and various trades and sport, the Church, education and various trades and professions who combined into a bro adly-based professions who combined into a bro adly-based resistance movement.resistance movement.

Towards the end of the war the resistance leadership Towards the end of the war the resistance leadership

cooperated closely with the government in exile in cooperated closely with the government in exile in London to form a clandestine army, Milorg. London to form a clandestine army, Milorg.

In May 1945 the Germans laid down their arms, and on In May 1945 the Germans laid down their arms, and on 7 June the King and the government returned to a 7 June the King and the government returned to a liberated Norway.liberated Norway.

Teachers’ resistance Teachers’ resistance during the warduring the war

-Invation of Norway April 1940Invation of Norway April 1940-Norway was an important piece in international politicsNorway was an important piece in international politics

-Massive resistance Massive resistance -Teachers were not persuaded or defeatedTeachers were not persuaded or defeated

Some factsSome facts

During Autumn -40 and Spring of -41, there was made During Autumn -40 and Spring of -41, there was made attempt from the enemy to break teacher’s resistanceattempt from the enemy to break teacher’s resistance

Norway had 14 000 teachers and Norway had 14 000 teachers and 12 00012 000 of them of them protested openly.protested openly.

Severe consequences.Severe consequences. Some were summoned to labour duty at German military Some were summoned to labour duty at German military

plantsplants March -42 March -42 1100 teachers were arrested and they got a 1100 teachers were arrested and they got a

harsh treatment both physically and mentallyharsh treatment both physically and mentally The NS threatened teachers with dismissal. This would The NS threatened teachers with dismissal. This would

mean that schools would be close.mean that schools would be close.

Why control teachers?Why control teachers?

11 The teachers’ organisation had for many years been The teachers’ organisation had for many years been voluntary and nationwide.voluntary and nationwide.By ”conquering” the organisation they would reach out By ”conquering” the organisation they would reach out to a large area.to a large area.

22 Important for the nazis to spread their ideology and get Important for the nazis to spread their ideology and get it implemented by the Norwegian population. This ment it implemented by the Norwegian population. This ment that schools taught after the basic ideas of this that schools taught after the basic ideas of this ideology – far away from our own.ideology – far away from our own.

http://fuv.hivolda.no/prosjekt/taksean/htmhttp://fuv.hivolda.no/prosjekt/taksean/htm

Norwegian school Norwegian school historyhistory

When?When?

For whom?For whom?

What/purpose?What/purpose?

DA KLOKKA KLANGDA KLOKKA KLANG

Tekst: Margrethe MuntheTekst: Margrethe Munthe

Da klokken klang, så fort vi sprang,Da klokken klang, så fort vi sprang,og ingen sto igjen og hang,og ingen sto igjen og hang,men glad og lett og rank og rettmen glad og lett og rank og rettvi var på plass med ett.vi var på plass med ett.Vi sto som perler på en snor,Vi sto som perler på en snor,og ingen av oss sa et ord,og ingen av oss sa et ord,og ingen lo, men stille stoog ingen lo, men stille stovi sammen, to og to. vi sammen, to og to.

When?When?

Norway is a part of Denmark Norway is a part of Denmark Christian VI rules and he was a pietistChristian VI rules and he was a pietist He wants everyone to learn about the words of God -He wants everyone to learn about the words of God -

in 1736 confirmation for everyone.in 1736 confirmation for everyone. To get a job or get married you had to be confirmated To get a job or get married you had to be confirmated

A result of this -children could attend school from the A result of this -children could attend school from the age of 7 in1739 age of 7 in1739

The upper class already had private tutors/schools or The upper class already had private tutors/schools or went to latin schools.went to latin schools.

A good intention?A good intention?

The pesents-The pesents-resistance resistance

- Lost labourLost labour- Had to payHad to pay- Period with diseasesPeriod with diseases- Learning at homeLearning at home- Learning in churchLearning in church

Periodical schooling was Periodical schooling was the solutionthe solution

One of the 1st countries One of the 1st countries that got a public schoolsthat got a public schools

GoalGoal::one school for everyone one school for everyone

independent ofindependent oftheir status and wealththeir status and wealth

Examle of a periodical school Examle of a periodical school

3 months a year3 months a year

PurposePurpose Learning about christianityLearning about christianity

CHANGESCHANGES

1800 – 1800 – new societynew society

1827 – 1827 – school buildings not on farms anymoreschool buildings not on farms anymore

1860 – 1860 – fewer schools on farms, encyclopedicfewer schools on farms, encyclopedicreading books, the bond between schoolsreading books, the bond between schools

and the church becomes weakerand the church becomes weaker

1889 1889

New law New law - Demands to the schools and to teaching Demands to the schools and to teaching

materialmaterial- Longer hoursLonger hours- History, science and geography becomes History, science and geography becomes

compulsory, books are made for each subjectcompulsory, books are made for each subject- Teachers got a higher statusTeachers got a higher status- 1915: Free teaching material1915: Free teaching material

1950-19601950-1960

CHANGECHANGE- Demands to how the buildings should beDemands to how the buildings should be- Better educationBetter education- 1969 – everyone has the rigth to 9 years 1969 – everyone has the rigth to 9 years

at schoolat school

NowadaysNowadays

New governments – new school reformsNew governments – new school reforms

10 years of compulsory school10 years of compulsory school

We discuss We discuss a school for everyone or for the a school for everyone or for the eliteelite? What about room for private schools?? What about room for private schools?

Norwegian students enjoy school say surveys, Norwegian students enjoy school say surveys, the social part of it, but do they learn the social part of it, but do they learn proportionally with their feeling of comfort? proportionally with their feeling of comfort?

SourcesSources

http://www.aktivioslo.no/barnesmunthe.phhttp://www.aktivioslo.no/barnesmunthe.php#klokkap#klokka

http://www.bindalseidet.net/historie.htmhttp://www.bindalseidet.net/historie.htm http://www.multinet.no/~paalk/facts.htmlhttp://www.multinet.no/~paalk/facts.html