Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, its continu-ing support for separatist rebels in Ukraine, andits general flexing of its military muscle had the

Norwegian military approaching Cold War levels of alertin 2015. Whereas the Norwegian air force had settled intoa kind of equanimity on its border with Russia during the1990s and early 2000s, its interception of border forays byRussian aircraft increased by more than one-fourth from2013 to 2014 and sevenfold overthe levels of a decade earlier. Inresponse, a 3.3% increase inmilitary spending was proposedin 2015. Moreover, in MayNorway hosted NATO jet fight-er exercises.

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population(2013): 11.6 (world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000 population(2013): 8.1 (world avg. 8.1).

Natural increase rate per 1,000 popu-lation (2013): 3.5 (world avg. 11.4).

Life expectancy at birth (2013): male79.7 years; female 83.6 years.

DemographyPopulation (2015): 5,190,000.Density (2015)2: persons per sq mi40.8, persons per sq km 15.7.

Sex distribution (20133): male 50.20%;female 49.80%.

Population projection: (2020)5,474,000; (2030) 5,974,000.

Major cities (20153)4: Oslo647,676 (urban agglomer-ation [2014] 970,000);Bergen 275,112;Trondheim 184,960;Stavanger 132,102;Bærum 120,685.

Urban-rural (2014):

Norway

Official name: Kongeriket Norge (Kingdom ofNorway).

Form of government: constitutional monarchy withone legislative house (Storting, or Parliament[169]).

Head of state: King Harald V.Head of government: Prime Minister ErnaSolberg.

Capital: Oslo.Official languages: Norwegian; Sami1.Official religion: Evangelical Lutheran.Monetary unit: Norwegian krone (pl. kroner;NOK); valuation (Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = NOK 8.29; 1 £ = NOK 12.71.

Ethnic composition (20103):

Age breakdown (20133):

Religious affiliation (20043):

Area and populationarea population area population

Mainland 20153 Mainland 20153

counties sq km estimate counties sq km estimate

Akershus 4,918 584,899Aust-Agder 9,158 114,767Buskerud 14,911 274,737Finnmark 48,631 75,605Hedmark 27,398 195,153Hordaland 15,438 511,357MØre og Romsdal 15,101 263,719Nord-TrØndelag 22,415 135,738Nordland 38,483 241,682Oppland 25,192 188,807Oslo 454 647,676Østfold 4,181 287,198Rogaland 9,376 466,302Sogn og Fjordane 18,623 109,170

SØr-TrØndelag 18,839 310,047Telemark 15,296 171,953Troms 25,863 163,453Vest-Agder 7,277 180,877Vestfold 2,225 242,662SUBTOTAL 323,7795 5,165,802

Overseas Arcticterritories

Jan Mayen 3776 7

Svalbard 61,0225, 6 7

SUBTOTAL 61,399 —TOTAL 385,178 5,165,8028

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National economyBudget (2008). Revenue: NOK 1,157,580,000,000 (tax revenue 61.7%,

nontax revenue 20.2%, social security 18.0%).Expenditures: NOK 1,162,040,000,000 (general publicservices 46.9%, social protection 27.1%, health 10.6%,education 3.4%, defense 3.4%, transportation 2.5%).

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2012): barley 573,200, potatoes304,700, wheat 274,700, carrots and turnips 45,700, cab-bages 24,500; livestock (number of live animals)2,223,600 sheep, 861,924 cattle, 855,704 pigs; round-wood 10,572,145 cu m, of which fuelwood 17%; fish-eries production 3,471,674 (from aquaculture 26%).Mining and quarrying (2012): iron ore 3,421,00011;olivine sand 1,650,000; ilmenite concentrate 831,000.

Manufacturing (value added in NOK ’000,000; 2008): machinery andequipment 55,474; food products, beverages, and tobacco 34,589; shipsand oil platforms 26,139; base metals 18,798; printing/publishing17,010. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 2011)128,148,000,000 ([2011] 125,074,000,000), by source (2012): fossil fuels1.8%; renewable energy 98.2%, of which hydroelectric 97.1%, windenergy 1.1%; coal (metric tons; 2011) 1,390,000 (780,000); crudepetroleum (barrels; 2011) 659,500,000 ([2011] 108,000,000); petroleumproducts (metric tons; 2011) 18,977,000 (8,406,000); natural gas (cu m;2011) 102,603,000,000 ([2011] 5,701,000,000).

Average household size (2011): 2.2.Population economically active (2014): total 2,730,000; participation

rates: age 15 and over, male 66.8%; female 62.8%; unemployed 3.5%,of which youth (ages 15–24) 7.9%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$529,301,000,000 (U.S.$103,050per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$65,970 per capita).

Public debt (2013): U.S.$131,736,000,000.Land use as % of total land area (2011): in temporary crops 1.1%, leftfallow 0.01%, in permanent crops 0.01%, in pasture 2.1%, forest area33.3%.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2014):

25,800 (army 36.2%, navy 17.4%, air force15.5%, central support 29.1%, other 1.8%);reserve 45,940. Military expenditure as per-centage of GDP (November 2014): 1.3%;per capita expenditure U.S.$1,355.

Foreign trade12

Imports (2014): NOK 560,723,000,000 (machineryand transport equipment 39.2%, of which roadvehicles 9.9%, general industrial machinery 5.8%;basic manufactures 15.3%; chemicals and chemicalproducts 9.7%; food and live animals 6.8%). Major import sources:

Exports (2014): NOK 897,810,000,000 (mineral fuels64.5%, of which petroleum 36.3%, gas 27.5%;machinery and transport equipment 9.6%; basicmanufactures 7.9%; fish 7.5%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2012): route length (20093)4,114 km; passenger-km 3,186,000,000; metricton-km cargo 3,489,000,000. Roads (2007): totallength 92,920 km (paved 80%); passenger-km60,316,000,00015; metric ton-km cargo 20,595,000,000. Vehicles(20133): passenger cars 2,442,964; trucks and buses 399,074.

Education and healthLiteracy (2000): virtually 100% literate.Health (2013): physicians 19,411 (1 per 262 per-sons); hospital beds (20123) 20,778 (1 per 244persons); infant mortality rate 2.5; undernour-ished population (2006–08) less than 5% oftotal population.

1Official locally. 2Population density calculated with reference to 329,846 sq km area free of mainlandfreshwater lakes (18,312 sq km), Svalbard freshwater lakes (395 sq km), Svalbard glaciers (36,500 sqkm), and Jan Mayen glaciers (125 sq km). 3January 1. 4Population of municipalities. 5Includes freshwa-ter lakes. 6Includes glaciers. 7The population of Jan Mayen on July 1, 2013, was 25; the population ofSvalbard on July 1, 2014, was 2,562, including Norwegian settlements 2,118, the Russian settlement 434,and the Polish settlement 10. 8Total does not include overseas Arctic territories. 9Including second-gen-eration immigrants. 10Includes 87,000 unemployed. 11Metal content. 12Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 13Asreported in surveys. 14Subscribers. 15Passenger cars 55,956,000,000; buses 4,360,000,000.

Internet resource for further information:• Statistics Norway www.ssb.no/en

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2009

in value % of total labour % of labourNOK ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, fishing 22,298 0.9 58,000 2.2Mining and quarrying 4,219 0.2 4,400 0.2Crude petroleum, nat. gas 505,182 21.1 42,400 1.6Manufacturing 206,470 8.6 280,000 10.4Construction 109,805 4.6 180,100 6.7Public utilities 53,578 2.2 19,000 0.7Transp. and commun. 134,078 5.6 204,500 7.6Trade, hotels 209,756 8.7 447,900 16.6Finance, real estate 331,741 13.8 370,400 13.8Pub. admin., defense 106,066 4.4 162,900 6.0Services 463,393 19.3 827,800 30.7Other 254,086 10.6 94,70010 3.510

TOTAL 2,400,672 100.0 2,692,100 100.0

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 5,93314 1,16514

Landline 2014 1,157 227

Internet users 2009 4,43113 92113

Broadband 2014 1,94214 38114

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