NorthSide Regeneration Project white paper - History and Demographics, by Missouri Wonk

7/30/2019 NorthSide Regeneration Project white paper - History and Demographics, by Missouri Wonk

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NORTHSIDE HISTORY & DEMOGRAPHICS

NorthSide: History and Demographics

ThisstoryisaboutanareaoftheCityofSt.

Louisthatwasonceoneofthemostdensely

populatedareasinthecity.Theareasgrowth

wasmorerapidandsteepthanSt.Louissand

itsdeclinewasmoredramatic.Itbeginswith

thefoundingofSt.Louis.

St.Louis

Atthetimeofitssettlement,fewwouldexpectSt.Louistobecomethefourthlargestcityofthe

UnitedStatesandtheGatewaytotradeand

expansioninthewest.Afterthepeaceof

Paris,in1763,madetheMississippitheline

betweenthepossessionofEnglandand

France,whatwouldeventuallybecomethe

GatewayCityreceiveditsfounder,Pierre

LacledeLiguest,inMarchof1864;henamedit

afterthereigningkingofFranceatthetime,

LouisXV(Shepard,11).Atirst,St.Louisgrew

atarelativelyslowpace.Thecityspopulation

was925inhabitantsin1799and1,400in1810

(Shepard,42).

Inbetweenthattime,theUnitedStatespurchasedtheterritoryencompassingSt.Louis

andallofMissouriinthemuchrenowned

LouisianaPurchase.Theexplorersassignedto

surveytheterritory,MeriwetherLewisand

WilliamClarke,wouldreturnandeachgovern

Summary

Atitspeak,St.LouiswasthefourthlargestcityintheUnitedStates.Itscentrallocation,availabilityoftransportationoptions,andproximitytoagriculturalresourceshelpedthecitygrowandprosperformorethanacenturyafteritsincorporationbyMissouri.However,inthemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,acombinationofforcescausedthecitytodeclineinpopulation,industry,andnationalprominence.ThisdeclineismostapparentintheareaimmediatelynorthofdowntownSt.Louis,theNorthSide,whereamassiveexodusofresidents,failedhousingprojects,andsegregationpolitics,amongotherfactors,hasproducedanareawiththehighestunemployment,thelowesteducationattainment,andthelowestincomesofanyotherareainthecity.
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theterritoryofLouisiana,Lewisfrom1807

until1809andClarkefrom1813until

Missourienteredthefederalunionin1821.

Duringthattime,St.Louiswasgovernedbya

boardofiveTrustees,electedannuallybythe

people,whoappointedaregistertowriteout

theirordinancesandseethattheywere

enforced,(Shepard,63).

JohnA.Paxton,aSt.Louiscitizenatthetime,

publishedhisSt.LouisDirectoryandRegisterandprovidedasnapshotofthecitys

commerce.Thedirectoryincluded:three

newspapers,threelargeinns,thirteen

shoemakers,twenty-eightcarpenters,ifty-

sevengroceries(saloons),andtwenty-seven

attorneysbookstores,binderies,gunsmiths,

stonecutters,bricklayers,plasterers,bakers,

cabinetmakers,wheelwrights,hatters,a

brewery,anailfactory,apublicmarket,

professionalmusicians,andivebilliard

halls(Primm,104).

Shortlyafterthestatewasadmittedintothe

union,theMissourilegislatureadoptedSt.

Louis,designatingitastheCityofSt.Louisand

providedforitsgovernancestructure(Shepard,66).Beforelong,St.Louiss

economywouldrelyonitslocation,

speciicallyitsproximitytotheMississippi

River.Consequently,steamboatswereanearly

driverofthecityssuccess.Thenumberof

Figure1:TheSettlementofSt.Louis


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steamboatsthatanchoredinthecitysharborincreasedfrom290in1827to1,355in1836,

whichhelpedSt.Louissprimaryindustry,fur

trade,growduringthesametimeperiod

(Primm,104-105).

Iftherewasanydecadethatwasparamountto

St.Louisssuccess,perhapsitwasthe1830s.

Whilestillinitsinfancy,theMissouri

legislatureandtheCityofSt.Louisenacted

policiesthatwouldstrengthentheeconomy

andcreateopportunitiesforitscitizens;the

statecharteredanumberofrailroadsthat

criss-crossedthestateandthecitystarteda

publicschoolsystem.

Duringthemiddleofthe19thcentury,

industriesgrewinthecity,takingadvantageof

St.Louissuniqueandadvantageouslocation

andproximitytoagriculturalcommodities(Troen,3).Communityleaderssuccessfully

advocatedfortheexpansionoftherailroad

industryinSt.LouisaswellasMissouri,which

furthersharpenedtheregionseconomic

prowess.Thecityledthenationinlour-

milling,anditsmeatpacking,metalworking,brewing,andsaddle-andharness-making

industriesgrewrapidly(Primm,129).Asthe

citysindustriesexpanded,sodidits

population,increasingto6,649in1830,more

thandoublingfromthatamountin1840to

16,439,andthennearlygrowingatarateof

ivetimesthatamountin1850withacountof

77,680(Shepard,95)(Primm,113).Thecitys

populationcontinuedtogrowatafeverish

pace,doublingtwiceinthenexttwentyyears,

increasingtomorethan160,000in1860and

thentomorethan310,000in18702.

Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,St.Louis

hadgrownsomuchthatitwasthefourth

largestcity.Shortlybeforetheturnofthe

century,agentlemanbythenameofWilliam

Reedypublishedanessayinhismagazine,The

Mirror,whichchallengedSt.LouisanstoworktowardhostingaWorldsFairin1904asa

tributetothe100thanniversaryofthe

LouisianaPurchase.Residentsofthecitymet

hischallenge,introducinganewcommitment

tocivicengagementinSt.Louisatthedawnof

Population 4,800

EstimatedAnnualValueofTrade $600,000

AssessedValue


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thetwentiethcentury(Sandweiss,237-238).

Morethan1,300newstructuresandthethird

modernOlympiadattractedvisitorstothefair

fromallovertheworld(Mendelson,152).

ACityPlanforSt.LouisandHarland

Bartholomew

Freshfromthesuccessofthe1904Worlds

Fair,whichshowcasedSt.Louiswithan

exhibitioncalledtheLouisianaPurchase

Exposition,civicengagement,especiallybythe

citysbusinessesandculturalleaders,wasat

anall-timehigh.AgroupcalledtheSt.Louis

CivicLeagueauthoredaplantomoveSt.Louisforward.Theirwrittenguide,ACityPlanfor

St.Louis,wasadeliberatestrategytotreat

thecityasacoherent,integratedwhole.Just

likealivingorganism,thefunctionsofone

componentofthecityaffectedallothers.Asa

result,theelementsofthecityhadtobe

plannedinacomprehensivefashion(Abbott,

17-18).Theplanwasdevelopedbyone

generalcommitteeandiveothercommittees

thattackledsubjectssuchasinnerandouter

parks,civiccenters,streetimprovements,

municipalarts,andlegislation.

InthestatementoftheExecutiveBoardofthe

St.LouisCivicLeaguethataccompaniedthe

report,theboardrecognizedthatcompetition

amongcitiesintheUnitedStateswasgrowing

andSt.Louiswouldneedtoinvestinthebroad

arrayofurbanamenitiesthatbothitscurrent

populationandfuturepopulationwould

demand(St.LouisCivicLeague,9).Yettheyalsowerecognizantofthefactthattheir

proposedplanswouldnotalloccur

immediately,butwouldfurnishaguide,so

thatwhenapublicbuildingiserected,the

parksystemextended,orastatuelocated,it

willbedonerightinsteadofwrong,andsome

St.LouisandItsExpandingBordersintheNineteenthCentury

AsSt.Louisspopulationincreased,sodiditsborders.Graduallyexpandinginlandmassfrom

1764towhatwouldbeconsideredtodaytheheartofdowntownin1839,thecitysubsequently

expandedfourtimesafter:

In1841,whenitssouthernborderstretchedalmosttoArsenalStreet,itswesternborder

nudgedagainstUnionStation,anditsnorthernborderwasapproximatelytwoandone-half

milesfromwheretheArchstandstoday;

In1855,whenKeokukStreetassumeditssouthernborder,itswesternborderextendedpast

GrandAvenue,anditsnorthernborderstoppedjustshortofBisselsPointWaterWorks;

In1870,whenthesouthernborderreachedfurthersouthtoincludetheTownofCarondelet;

and

In1876,whenSt.LouisCityandSt.LouisCountyenteredintotheGreatDivorce,a

separationagreementbetweenthetwoentitiesthatresultedinthecurrentboundariesoftheCity(Corbett,13).


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effortwillbemadetowardtheattainmentof

thepracticalidealsincludedinthese

recommendations(St.LouisCivicLeague,9).

Whiletheplancontainedgrandgoalsandan

awe-inspiringvisionforthecity,itfailedto

providearoadmapforitsimplementation

(Heathcott,87).Asaresult,eightyearsafter

theplanwassubmittedtothecitizensofSt.

Louis,cityleadersrecruitedHarland

Bartholomewtothecitytoimplementitasthe

CityEngineer(Heathcott,86).Alreadyarising

starintheieldofcivilengineeringandcity

planning,Bartholomewutilizedhistalentsto

developatransportationplanforthecityand

securepassageofan$87millionbondissuein

1923thathelpedfundstreetimprovements,

sewerconstruction,riverchanneling,parks

andplaygrounds,publichospitals,irehouses

andequipment,railandautobridges,public

markets,waterworksupgrade,powerplant,

andthemunicipalauditoriumanddowntown

plazaandmemorial(Heathcott,91-92).

Bartholomewwouldeventuallybecomeoneof

themostwellrespectedauthoritiesofcity

planninginthenation.Hecontinuedtoplan

forthecitythroughoutthe1930sand1940s,

butmanyofhiseffortsstalledduetotheGreat

DepressionandtheonsetofWorldWarII.

Figure2:St.Louisin1896


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The1947ComprehensiveCityPlan

Bartholomewsroleinthecitywouldleadhim

todraftthenextcomprehensiveplanforSt.

Louis.Followingthepracticeofotherlarge

citiesinthenation,theCityEngineerpushed

thecitytoadoptanewplan,onewithmoreof

anoficialcapacitythantheoneshehad

draftedinpreviousdecades(Abbott,109-112).

ThenewplancalledforgrowthinboththeSt.

LouisCityaswellasSt.LouisregionIt

estimatedthatthecityspopulationwould

growto855,000in1950,to880,000in1960,

andthento900,000by1970(CityPlan

Commission,TableNumberII).Comprehensivewasanaptdescriptionasthe

documentaddressedavarietyofissues

confrontingthecityincludingzoning,landuse,

housing,streetsystems,airields,thecentral

businessdistrict,publictransportation,parks,

andneighborhoods.Theauthorswere

conidentthatiftheplanwasfollowed,thecity

wouldenjoygrowthandprosperityoverthe

next25years.

TheDecline

Inspiteofallofthesegrandplanssetforthby

theCityPlanningCommissionand

Bartholomew,somethinghappenedbetween

the1950and1960censuses;St.Louiss

populationdeclined1.Unfortunately,this

wouldnotbeanisolatedincident.The

populationhasdeclinedineverydecennialcensussince.Mostrecently,St.Louiss2010

populationof319,294wasjust37%ofwhatit

wasatitspeak,856,796,in1950.

Table2:HistoryofSt.Louiss

Population

Year Population

1821 4,977

1830 6,649

1840 16,469

1850 77,680

1860 160,773

1870 310,864

1880 350,518

1890 451,770

1900 575,238

1910 687,029

1920 772,897

1930 821,960

1940 816,048

1950 856,796

1960 750,026

1970 622,236

1980 452,801

1990 396,685

2000 348,189

2010 319,294

Sources:

UnitedStatesBureauoftheCensus,1990

CensusofPopulationandHousingTable46:593-595UnitedStateBureauoftheCensus,Table1:TheMostPopulousCountiesandIncorporatedAreasin2010inMissouri:2000and2010


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Figure3:St.LouisCity:DensityofPopulation,1940and

1970Projected

Source:ComprehensiveCityPlan1947,PlateNumberFour

BartholomewOnMovementofCityResidentstotheSuburbs

HarlandBartholomewrecognizedthismovementrelativelyearlyinthetwentieth

century;henotedthiswestwardtrendinrelocationwithgreatalarm,arguingthatthe

lighttothesuburbsonlyextendedtheworstaspectsofcitieswhilebringinghigherinfrastructurecostsanddiminishedreturnsfromratableproperty(Heathcott,90).


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Scholarsgivemanyreasonsforthisdecline.

ManycityresidentslockedtoSt.LouisCounty

oroneoftheothernearbycounties.There

theycouldpurchasecheaplandandliveinthe

increasinglypopularsuburbs.

BarbaraWilliams,ina1973reporttitledSt.

Louis:ACityandItsSuburbs,setforthher

reasons:

WilliamsgoesontociteSt.Louissagedand

costlyhousingandcommercialpropertiesasa

compoundingfactorinthecitysdecline

(Williams,vi).Anotherauthorcited

numerouscauses,includingpost-WorldWar

IIprosperity;constructionoftheinterstatehighwaysystem;race;cheap,easy-to-develop

latlandinthesurroundingarea;thedramatic

riseinautomobileownership;andthefact

thatSt.Louiscannotannex(takeover)its

suburbslikeothercitiessuchasPhoenix,

Arizona(Stanley,127).MendelsonandQuinn

describethecitysdeclineintermsofits

industriesfunctionalobsolescence,

speciicallycitingtheleatherandapparel

goods,shoe,meatpacking,textile,andbeer

producingindustries(Mendelson,152-153).

TheNorthSide

ThehistoryoftheNorthSide2isnearlyasrich

asSt.Louisitself,andevenmoretragic.The

areaknownasOldNorthSt.Louiswas

includedintheCityofSt.Louislimitsin1841.

Aroundthesametime,Germansmovedinto

theadjacentareaknowntodayasCarrSquare;

soonafter,Irish,Italian,Polish,andJewishimmigrantscongregatedintheareaaswell

(SchweyteArchitects,ESS2-3).Inthe

followingdecades,theNorthSideareagrewin

populationaswellasindustryasmore

immigrantspouredintothearea(Schweyte

Architects,ESS2-2to2-4).Thesettlerswere

poorandconsequentlytheymovedintothe

leastexpensiveandmostdilapidated

dwellingsintheCity(HUD,2).

However,thecompositionofthecommunity

wouldchangeintheearlytwentiethcentury;

asthesegroups[immigrants]improvedtheir

socioeconomicstatus,theybegantomoveinto

betterqualityhousinginotherpartsinSt.

Louis,leavingtheirprevioushousingtothe

blackmigrantsfromthesouth(HUD,2).Asa

result,whatwasonceabustlingeconomic

engineforthecityinthe1870shasmorphedintowhata1975reportreferredtoasoneof

St.LouissDepletionAreas,orareasof

spottycityservicesandredlining,wherelarge

numbersoftheunemployed,theelderlyand

therecipientsofwelfarearelefttowaitfor

DeclineinSt.Louisismainlyafunctionof

thesametrendsthathavestimulated

movementfromcentralcitiestosuburbs

acrosstheUnitedStates.Thefast-paced

decentralizationofallAmericanurban

areassinceWorldWarIIhasbeen

stimulatedmainlybythedesireforliving

amenitiesandproductivefacilitiesthat

couldbeprovidedmosteasilyandcheaply

attheperipheryofcities.Risingincomes

andimprovedtransportationsystemshave

facilitatedthemovetothesuburbs.Certain

federalpolicies-realestatetaxincentives,

interstatehighwaydevelopment,FHAandVAprograms-haveacceleratedthesetrends

(Williams,v).


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assistancewhichdoesnotseemtobe

forthcoming(TeamFourInc.,15).

Yet,thesedocumentswerewrittennearly

fortyyearsago.Thepopulationcount,the

numberofabandonedbuildingsandthe

economicenvironmentinthearea,justto

nameafewmeasures,havesteadilyworsened

inthattimeframe.Theareacurrentlysuffers

fromthehighestunemploymentrate,the

highestpovertyrate,thelowestpercentageof

itspopulationwithahighschooldegree,and

thelowestaverageincomeofanyotherareain

thecity3(CityofSt.LouisDepartmentof

Health,30-39).

TheNorthSidehasbeenthevictimof

segregationpoliticsandfailedhousing

policies.DelmarBoulevardhasservedasthe

dividinglineforwhiteandblackfamiliesinSt.

Louis;whitefamilieslivedsouthofthestreetandblackfamilieslivednorthofthe

boulevard.Realestateagents,bankers,and

otherhousingindustrytypesplayedarolein

thisastheyintentionallydirectedblack

familiestoareasintheSt.Louisregionwhere

therewasalreadyaheavyconcentrationof

otherblackfamilies(Gordon,11).Federaland

localgovernmentsmadeanattempttoatleast

partiallybridgethisracialsplitbyintroducing

amonstroushousingprojectintheNorthSide

areainthe1950s.PruittHomesandIgoe

Apartmentsprovidedhousingformorethan

2,700households;thePruittdwellingswere

designatedforblacksandtheIgoehousingfor

bothblacksandwhites.However,thewhite

populationwasneversizableinrelationtothe

blackpopulation.Thisdiscouragedfurther

whiteoccupancyandtheprojecteventually

becameentirelyblack(HUD,3).

Approximatelytwentyyearsafteropeningitsdoors,the32buildingsthatcomprisedthe

Pruitt-Igoecomplexweredemolished.The

projectisnationallyregardedasamassive

failurethatcreatedastigmaassociatedwith

NorthSt.LouisandspeciicallytheNorthSide

area(HUD,Summary-B).

ThepopulationoftheNorthSideis84%black

and12%white,withtheother4%eithera

Table3:PopulationoftheNorthSide

Year Population1970 56,352

1980 25,377

1990 21,120

2000 14,781

2010 14,821

Source:American Community Survey 2010,

5-year estimates

WhileSt.Louisspopulationwasalmost

cutinhalfbetween1970and20104,the

2010populationoftheNorthSidearea,as

showninTable3,wasroughlyaquarterof

whatitwasin1970.In1980,aftertheCity

ofSt.Louisprotestedthecensuscounts

madebytheCensusBureau,acensus

workercommented,Iftheydontwakeup

andacknowledgetheexodus,theyregoing

toloseitall.Theyoughttogetoutoftheir

oficesanddrivethroughnorthSt.Louis.A

lotofitlookslikeaghosttown.Whenwecomebackin1990,itmaynotevenbea

city.Itmaybeavillage(Mendelson,154).


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combinationoftworacesorofadifferent

race;thisisnearlytheconverseofMissouris

racialcomposition,whichis83%whiteand

almost13%black,withtheremaining4%

someotherraceoracombinationofraces.

The2010medianageofmenintheareais27

years,whilethemedianageofwomenisa

littlemorethan33years(ACS2010,5year

estimates).Ninety-eightpercentofthe

NorthSideresidentsareAmericancitizens.

Themedianfamilyhouseholdsizeisabout2.5

peopleandtherearemorethan2,000one-

personhouseholds.Oftheapproximate3,000

familyhouseholdsinthearea,singlemothers

headmorethantwo-thirdsofthem.Nearlyhalf5ofNorthSidehouseholdsdonotowna

car(ACS2010,5-yearestimates).Theaverage

incomeintheNorthSidein2010was$27,176

andthemedianincome,wherehalfofthe

householdsmakemoreandhalfmakeless

thantheamount,was$18,025.

Yet,thesestatisticsjustscratchthesurfaceof

thearea,itspopulation,anditshistory.Ina

seriesofanalyses,MissouriWonkwillexplore

themanyfacetsoftheNorthSideincludingthe

areaseducation,healthcare,crime,housing,

publicinfrastructure,pastredevelopment

attempts,parcelsandproperty,jobs,income,

andtheeconomy,aswellashowthesefactors

relatetoSt.LouisandMissouri.

Summary

Atitspeak,St.LouiswasthefourthlargestcityintheUnitedStates.Itscentrallocation,availabilityoftransportationoptions,andproximitytoagriculturalresourceshelpedthecitygrowandprosperformorethanacenturyafteritsincorporationbyMissouri.However,inthemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,acombinationofforcescausedthecitytodeclinein

population,industry,andnationalprominence.ThisdeclineismostapparentintheareaimmediatelynorthofdowntownSt.Louis,theNorthSide,whereamassiveexodusofresidents,failedhousingprojects,andsegregationpolitics,amongotherfactors,hasproducedanareawiththehighestunemployment,thelowesteducationattainment,andthelowestincomesofanyotherareainthecity.


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Data,Sources,andArea

Relyingoncensusdatafrom1970-2010,MissouriWonkcanshowhowthedemographicsofthe

populationhavechangedfortheNorthSidearea6.Theareaoffocusinthisanalysisisthe

geographicregionencompassedbycensustracts1115,1201,1202,1203,1212,1213,1214,

1257and1266ofthe2000censusandcensustracts1115,1202,1212,1257,1266,1271,and

1275ofthe2010census.Theareacoveredbythesetractsisnearlyidentical,however,between

2000and2010,theBureauoftheCensusconsolidatedtracts1201and1203intoanewtract,

1271,andcollapsedtracts1213and1214intoanewtract,1275.

The2000censustractsrelyoninformationcontainedintheNeighborhoodChangeDatabase,

whichwasdevelopedby:

Geolytics,Inc.,aprivatecompanythatspecializesincurrentandhistoriccensusdata; TheUrbanInstitute,aresearchorganizationthatstemsfromarecommendationofa

1960sblue-ribboncommissionappointedbyPresidentLyndonJohnson(Urban

Institute);and TheRockefellerFoundation,aphilanthropicorganizationwhichsupportsworkthat

expandsopportunityandstrengthensresiliencetosocial,economic,healthand

environmentalchallenges,whichprovidedpartofthefundingfortheinitiative

(RockefellerFoundation).

TheNeighborhoodChangeDatabaseallowsforhistoricalanalysisofaspeciicareaasspeciicas

thecensustractlevel.WhiletheU.S.BureauoftheCensuschangesitscensustractboundaries

toaccommodatechangesinpopulation,thedatabaseholdscensustractboundariessteadyover

time;thisallowsforanapples-to-applescomparisonofthesameregionacrossthe1970,

1980,1990,and2000decennialcensuses.Atthetimeofthiswriting,the2010censustracts

andboundarieshavenotbeenincorporatedintothedatabase;however,asidefromthe

consolidationofthetractsmentionedpreviously,therewasonlyonedifferenceinthetotalarea

ofthestudyandnoneofmaterialdistinction.7


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Figure4:NorthSideAreainContextofSt.LouisCity

Source:MapproducedwithGeolyticssoftware,ACS2006-2010Interface.

Note:TheareashownhighlightedinredstripesdesignatestheNorthSide

Area.
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Figure5:NorthSideArea2000CensusTracts

1214

1257

1213

1266

1203

1202

1201

1212

1115

Source:MapproducedwithGeolyticssoftwareusingtheNeighborhoodChangeDatabase

2000

Note:NumbersdenotecensustractsasusedbytheUnitedStatesBureauoftheCensus


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Figure6:NorthSideArea2010CensusTracts

1202

1115 1271

1266

12571275

1212

Source:MapproducedwithGeolyticssoftware,ACS2006-2010Interface.

Note:NumbersabovedenotecensustractnumbersusedbyUnitedStatesBureauofthe

Census.
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1AccordingtotheBureauoftheCensus,thepopulationalsodippedslightlybetween1930and

1940,however,atthetimethenationwasinthemidstofadepressionandonthebrinkofaworldwar.2Generally,theNorthSideareaisthegeographicregionimmediatelynorthofdowntownSt.

Louis.However,amorethoroughdiscussionoftheareaofanalysisisavailableintheData,

Sources,andAreasectionofthispaper.3Countingzipcode63106andthesouthernportionofzipcode63107astheNorthSidearea.4RefertoTable2earlierinthisanalysisforcomparativeinformationrelativetoSt.Louis.547%6Orinsomecases,notchanged7Theonlyapparentchangeisthenortheasternborderofcensustract1266includescensus

blocks2000and2001(censusblock2000isactuallyparttheMississippiRiver)inthe2010

census;theareawasnotincludedinthetractinthe2000census.

Notes


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theRealSt.Louis.Editor:MarkTranel.MissouriHistoricalSocietyPress.p.37-53.

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Abbott,Mark.The1947ComprehensiveCityPlanandHarlandBartholomewsSt.

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AmericanCommunitySurvey(ACS)2010.UnitedStatesBureauoftheCensus.

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plan/introduction.shtml.

Corbett,KatherineT.andHowardS.Miller.SaintLouisintheGildedAge.Missouri

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Gordon,Colin.MappingDecline:St.LouisandtheFateoftheAmericanCity.

UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress:Philadelphia,PA.2008.

Heathcott,Joseph.HarlandBartholomew,CityEngineer.St.LouisPlans:TheIdeal

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ABOUT MISSOURI WONK

Missouri Wonk is a firm founded by Brian Schmidt that performs policy analysis services for

businesses, trade associations non-profits, campaigns, and government entities. From January to May,

Missouri Wonk Reports provides weekly updates and analyses on tax and economic development issues

confronting Missouri. From June through December, Missouri Wonk Reports dives into the details by

providing more in-depth monthly analyses of Missouri state and local tax and economic development

policies.

ABOUT BRIAN SCHMIDT

Brian Schmidt served as the Executive Director of the Missouri General Assemblys Joint Committee

on Tax Policy from 2005 through 2011. He received a Bachelor of Political Science degree at Truman

State University and a Master of Public Affairs- Public Policy degree at the University of Missouri-

Columbia.


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webathttp://www.urban.org/about/ onOctober19,2012.

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ScienceFoundation.Rand:SantaMonica,CA.August,1973.
http://www.mowonk.com/http://www.mowonk.com/http://www.urban.org/about/http://www.urban.org/about/

NorthSide Regeneration Project white paper - History and Demographics, by Missouri Wonk

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Transcript of NorthSide Regeneration Project white paper - History and Demographics, by Missouri Wonk