Northern Economy America Growing Apart. Objective: Analyze the Market Revolution’s influence on...
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Transcript of Northern Economy America Growing Apart. Objective: Analyze the Market Revolution’s influence on...
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America Growing Apart
Objective:
• Analyze the Market Revolution’s influence on agriculture and industry in the North
Northern Sections
• Northwest: – “Old Northwest”, the land N and W of the Ohio River
• Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota
– Agriculture Economy
• Northeast– Old New England and Middle Colonies
– Industrial Economy
New Technologies
• John Deere– Steel Plow
• Cyrus McCormick– Mechanical reaper
Farming in the NW
• Produced corn, wheat, and grains– Grew well, but spoils if not processed quickly
– Corn fed to pigs and grains turned into Whiskey
– Cincinnati (“Porkopolis”) and Chicago
Farming in the Old NW
• Transporting Goods– Used new railroads and ships to get their crops on
the market
– Mississippi River to New Orleans• Then to the Caribbean, the Atlantic Coast and Europe
Industries of the NE• Farms to Factories
– As time marched on, areas became more urban (one or more cities with high populations)
• Industrialization increased– CT by 1850 had more people in manufacturing
than farming– PA: coal mining, lumber, ships, iron, leather, and
textiles– MA: shoes, carpet and bricks
Factories
• Francis Cabot Lowell– Began a textile mill in CT that was the first to be
centralized—town of Lowell
– Hired young, unmarried girls promising a moral environment and a stable income
• $3.25 for 72 hrs. - $1.25 for room and board = $2.00 a week---a great wage for the time
Do the Math….• Wages for Women in Lowell’s mills in the
1930s:– 72 hour work week: $3.25
• How much an hour?
– 1 week’s Room and board: -$1.25
– Total Weekly Earnings: $2.00
• So Again why Women. . .– ½ the price of men for the same work– North didn’t have slaves. . .by the 1840s though, women will be losing jobs to
men and immigrants.
Growth of Cities
• The NE was crowded with young looking for work– High population in the NE left no more room for
farming
– Some headed W, but most went to find work in factories
• NYC: 33,000 in 1790 to 131,000 by 1820
Urban Life
• Most were poor and crowded into cheap housing -tenements
• Tenements: crowded apartments with poor sanitation, safety and comfort
• Cities were unable to handle the increasing populations– Opportunities for the spread of diseases
Labor Disputes• Most Factories paid little and provided no benefits
-Workers demanded rights
Complaints: Long hours, low wages
Many went on strike -1834-36: 150 strikes
• National Trades Union (NTU)– Wanted to protect rights
– Died out though because owners got a law passed banning labor organizations
– Willingness to stand up against injustice
In Review:
• How did farming develop in the Old Northwest?
• What new Industries arose in the Northeast?• What caused the growth of cities, and what
problems arose as they grew?• What kinds of labor disputes arose in
factories?