San Diego

LOS ANGELES

SAN FRANCISCO

Seattle

Vancouver

Phoenix

Sacramento

Portland

Salt Lake City

Calgary

Edmonton

Boise

Olympia

Culiacan

Hermosillo

Mexicali

Salem

Victoria

Tijuana

LasVegas

Abbotsford

Anchorage

Helena

Juneau

Whitehorse

River

River

Gulf of C

alifornia

Col

orad

o

River

Peace

Mackenzie

River

Yukon

Berin

g Stra

it

GreatSalt Lake

B E A U F O

S E A

B E R I N G

S E A

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

Cape San Lucas

Cape Mendocino

Point Hope

Point Eugenia

U

RUSSIA

LowerCalifornia

KodiakIsland

AlexanderArchipelago

Queen CharlotteIslands

VancouverIsland

Guadalupe

Alaska(U.S.A.)

N0 500 1000 1500 km

1 : 33 000 000 — 1 centimetre on the map

represents 330 kilometres on the ground.

Azimuthal Equal Area Projection

ArcticCircle

Tropic of Cancer

CarsonCity

Al

eu

ti

an

Is

l

an

ds

C

A

20°N

3

5

4

2

110°W

10°N

130°W 120°W

1

HGF

70°N60°N 87 14050°N 6

40°N

30°N

192

GeofactsLargest country: Canada

9 976 139 sq km (G6)

Smallest country: St Kitts

and Nevis 261 sq km (M2)

Largest population: USA

295 734 134 (I4)

Smallest population: St Kitts

and Nevis 38 958 (M2)

Amazing placesMayan pyramids (K3)

Around AD 415–55, the Maya people built great pyramids made from huge piles of earth covered with stones. They were used for religious ceremonies, including human sacrifi ces.

Bosnywash (L5)

North-eastern USA contains a mass of connected cities (known as a megalopolis) — from Boston, through New York to Washington. The region is home to 44 million people (16 per cent of the population of the USA).

Panama Canal (L1)

Construction of the 77-kilometre shipping canal was begun in 1880 by French builder Ferdinand de Lesseps. The project was plagued by disaster, including massive mud slides and tropical diseases that claimed the lives of more than 20 000 workers. American army engineers completed the job in 1914.

CN Tower (L5)

Completed in 1976, Toronto’s 553-metre CN Tower is the world’s tallest free-standing structure.

North America — human features

Tallest structures in historyBuilt in 2004, the Taipei Financial Centre, Taiwan, became the world’s tallest habitable building: 509 m.

2580 BC: Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt, 147 m1311: Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, England, 160 m1884: Washington Monument, Washington DC, USA, 169 m1889: Eiffel Tower, Paris, France, 301 m1930: Chrysler Building, New York, USA, 318 m1930: Empire State Building, New York, USA, 381 m1973: World Trade Center, north tower,

New York, USA, 417 m. South tower was 415 m. (Destroyed by terrorists in 2001)

1973: Sears Tower, Chicago, USA, 443 m1976: CN Tower, Toronto, Canada, 553 m

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

8.9.

Highest population density:El Salvador 319 people per sq km (K2)

Lowest population density: Kalaallit Nunaat

(Greenland) 0.03 people per sq km (O8)

Richest country (GDP per capita): USA

US$36 789 (I4)

Poorest country (GDP per capita): Haiti

US$437 (L2)

HavanaMartinique

(France)

MEXICO

Country border

Country name

Dependency

Major road

Major railway

River

Lake

Country capital Island

BOSTON

Montreal

Kingston

Nassau

1 000 000 to 5 000 000 people

500 000 to 1 000 000 people

100 000 to 500 000 people

Over 5 000 000 people

Iqaluit Under 100 000 people

People persquare kilometre

Over 200

100 to 200

Under 1

20 to 100

1 to 20

100 000 to 1 000 000

1 000 000 to 5 000 000

Over 5 000 000

Urban population

50 000 to 100 000

Grain farming

Specialised farming

Tobacco and mixed farming

Subsistence crop andlivestock farming

Sedentary cultivation

Cotton

Mixed farming

Commercial crop andlivestock farming

Little or no agriculture

Dairy farming

Seasonal livestockfarming

Livestock farming

0 1000 2000 km

N

Miami

Houston

DALLAS

Kansas City Cincinnati

Indianapolis

Philadelphia

NEW YORKCHICAGO

Buffalo

Minneapolis

Montreal

Guadalajara

TampaSan Antonio

Atlanta

St Louis

Denver

Cleveland

GrandRapids Providence

BOSTON

DETROIT

TORONTO

Monterrey

NewOrleans

San Juan

HartfordRochester

WASHINGTON D.C.

Pittsburgh

MEXICO CITY

Havana

Leon

Orlando

Austin

JacksonvilleCiudad Juarez

Memphis

Norfolk

Quebec

Winnipeg

Puebla

Oklahoma City

Greensboro

Albany

Scranton

Harrisburg

ColumbusDayton

Louisville

Richmond

Raleigh

Charlotte

Columbia

AnnapolisDover

Trenton

Montgomery

TallahasseeBaton Rouge

Nashville

St Paul

Springfield

Madison

Des Moines

Lincoln

Jefferson City Frankfort

Pierre

Cheyenne

Topeka

McAllen

Santa Fe

Charlottetown

Fredericton

London

Kitchener

Sherbrooke

Trois Rivieres

Ottawa

Tegucigalpa

Managua

Kingston

Port-au-Prince

Guatemala City

SantoDomingo

Santiago de CubaGuantanamo

Queretaro

Merida

Camaguey

Torreon

Jackson

Little Rock

Augusta

HalifaxThunder Bay

Regina

St John’s

Acapulco

Saskatoon

Concord

Montpelier

Chihuahua

Saltillo

San Luis PotosiCiudad Madero

Morelia

Cuernavaca

Aguascalientes

Veracruz

CoatzacoalcosVillahermosa

San Salvador

San JosePanama City

ST KITTSand

NEVIS

Nassau

Sydney

Reykjavik

Bismarck

Yellowknife

Iqaluit

Belmopan

Nuuk

B a f f i n

B a y

Hudson Strait

Davis Strait

FoxeBasin

Great BearLake

Great SlaveLake

McClure

Strait

ReindeerLake

LakeWinnipegosis

Lake Winnipeg

JamesBay

LakeMistassini

Gulf ofSt Lawrence

St L

awre

nce

Riv

er

Missouri

LakeHuron

Ohio

Rive

r

River

Rive

rM

issi

ssip

pi

River

RiverRed

Arkansas

Grande

Florid

a St

rait

Yucatan Channel

Rio

Lake Erie

LakeAthabasca

LakeManitoba

Lake

Mic

higa

nLakeSuperior Lake Ontario

Bay ofCampeche

A R C T I C O C E A N

H u d s o n

B a y

R T

A

L A B R A D O R

S E A

G u l f o f M e x i c o

CA

R I B B E A NS E A

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

Cape Sable

Cape Sable

Cape Chidley

Cape Hatteras

VENEZUELA

PANAMACOSTA RICA

HAITI

CUBA

JAMAICA

BELIZE

BAHAMAS

GUATEMALA

EL SALVADOR

HONDURAS

NICARAGUA

COLOMBIA

U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A

M E X I C O

ICELAND

DOMINICANREPUBLIC

Ungava

Peninsula

BoothiaPeninsula

MelvillePeninsula

SverdrupIslands

BathurstIsland

MelvilleIsland Devon

Island

SomersetIsland

BanksIsland

Prince ofWales Island

VictoriaIsland

BaffinIsland

Prince CharlesIsland

SouthamptonIsland

CoatsIsland

ManselIsland

Belcher Islands

Newfoundland

Prince EdwardIsland

Queen Eliza

beth

Islan

ds

EllesmereIsland

West Indies

Kalaallit Nunaat(Denmark)

Puerto Rico (U.S.A.)

Bermuda (U.K.)

St Pierre andMiquelon (France)

Basseterre

Holguin

208

140°W

120°W100°W

90°W 80°W 70°W

80°W

60°W

40°W

D

E

F

G

I J KL

M

N

O

P

H

K L

1

M

N AD

A

100°W

20°N

10°N

30°N

1

2

3

JI

40°N

50°N

60°N70°N80°N80°N

4

5

6

789

Ag Silver

Bauxite

Gold

Chromium

Copper

Iron

Mercury

Manganese

Nickel

Natural gas

Oil

Platinum

Al

Au

Cr

Cu

Fe

Hg

Mg

Ni

Ng

O

Pt

Oil and gas field

Coal field

Phosphate

Lead

Sulfur

Uranium

Tungsten

Zinc

P

Pb

S

U

W

Zn

Ag

Ag

Ag

Ag

Ag

Ag

Au

Au

Au

Au

Au

Au

Au

Cr

Cr

CuCu

Cu

Cu

CuCu

Cu

Cu

Cu Cu

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

FeFe

Fe

HgHg

Hg

Hg

Hg

Fe

Mg

MgMg

Mg

Mg

Ni

Ni

NgNg

NgCr

O

O

O

OOO

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

O

Pt

Pt

Au

Hg

P

P

P

P

Pb

PbPb

Pb Pb

Pb

Pb

Pb

Pb

S

S

W

W

WW

U

U

Zn

ZnZn

Zn

Zn

Zn

Zn

ZnZn

ZnZn

O

AuS

CuNiCu

Ni Au

AlAl

NiAlNg

Ng

Cu

193

Population

Agriculture

Minerals

KE

Y