NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT.

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Verbal(adj. ): spoken Antonym : Nonverbal (adj. )

Ex: The proportion of verbal communication is less than nonverbal communication

Ex: Nonverbal communication tells a lot about a person.


Attitude(n): a general opinion or feeling about someone or something

Collocations : Good/ bad attitude attitude to/ towards

Ex: He is a lazy student with a bad attitudeEx: They have a positive attitude towards life


Communication(n): the process of sharing information or expressing thoughts and feelings

Word Formation : Communicate (v)

Collocations : communicate by something communicate with somebody

Ex: Years ago, radio was the only way for communication

Ex: When she was abroad, they communicated by e-mail and mobile phone.

Ex: They avoided communicating with each other CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Complex(adj.): consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understand

Synonyms : complicatedAntonym : simple

Ex: They have a complex registration system.Ex: The relationship between media and government

is complex.


Interpret(v): To explain or determine the meaning of a statement, action, event,etc.

Word Formation : Interpretation (n)

Ex: His comments were interpreted as an attack on the government.

Ex: There are many interpretations of the book.


Misunderstand(v): to fail to understand someone or something correctly

Word Formation : Misunderstanding (n)

Collocations : lead to/cause misunderstanding avoid misunderstanding

Ex: She misunderstood me in the party and she has not talked to me since then.

Ex: His behaviors caused a misunderstandingEx: To avoid misunderstanding, I need to explain why I

did not come to meeting yesterday. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Frustrated(adj.): annoyed and upset because things are not happening in the way you want

Word Formation : Frustrating (adj)

Synonyms : unhappyCollocations : get frustrated

Ex: He gets frustrated when people do not understand him.

Ex: It is very frustrating to see people waste their money.


Humor(n): the ability to laugh and recognize something is funny

Word Formation : Humorous (adj. )

Synonyms : funny (adj)Collocations : sense of humor

Ex: You need to have a sense of humor to be succesful in this jobEx: He told us humorous stories and made everyone laugh.


Previewing the Academic ContentThe process of sending and receiving messages without

words is called nonverbal communication.Nonverbal Communication includes the use of the body

and face to express meaning. This element of communication is central to how people

understand and relate to one another.Each day people send and receive thousand of nonverbal

messages. Nonverbal communication is complex because people

interpret them according to their own culture and background.


1. Read the paragraph about a study by psychologist Albert Mehrabian and study pie chart showing Mehrabian’s findings.

1. How much meaning is expressed through words when those words semm to be different from nonverbal signals?

2. How much meaning is expressed through nonverbal communication ?

3. Do these findings surprise you ?


2. Look at the photo on page 139. What attitudes and feelings does each person show? Write W for the woman, M for the man and B for both. Some of choices may not be correct for either person.

3. Discuss the questions below. 1. Which attitudes did you choose? 2. How did the people’s bodies, hands, and faces help you understand their feelings?3. What do you think is happening in this situation? What do you think the people are saying? Do their nonverbaş messages match what you think they are saying ?


Previewing the Academic Skills FocusInferenceWriters and speakers do not always state their meaning,

purpose or feelings directly.They often imply, or suggest, these things by giving certain

types of clues. The reader or listener must look for these clues and put

together all the information given to infer, or guess, the meaning, purpose, and feelings.


To make inferences, look for these types of details: Content: What facts or information are included or not

included?Word Choice: What attitudes or opinions does the choice

of words show?Intonation or stress: How does the speaker say something?

What does this show ?To check your inference, ask: How do I know the writer

meant this ?


1. Make inferences to understand the cartoon on page 140.1. Where are the two men ? What do you think people do

at this place? The two men are probably at work—the Institute of Nonverbal Communication. At this place, they probably study nonverbal communication

2. Who are the two men ? How are they dressed? How old are they? The men probably work together. They are dressed in

suits. They look older, probably in their 50s or 60s.


3. What is happening in the cartoon ? What are the men doing? What meaning and feelings do their actions express ? One man, probably a manager looks angry. He has probably fired the other man. He’s showing him to leave. The other man looks upset at the manager. His gesture shows him that he’s fed up and no longer cares about his job.

4. How do men feel about each other? How do you know?They probably don’t like each other. They look angry.


2. Listen and make inferences about a comment made by a students from a class on nonverbal communication. Take notes to answer the questions.1. What is the student’s purpose for sharing this information ? What specific facts or information does she include to communicate this purpose?

She’s sharing information by giving examples of how her brother says he listens, but in fact, he doesn’t. She says his doesn’t look at her when she talks to him, or he does something else.2. How does the student feel? Which words show this ? Does she use stress or intonation to show her feelings?

She feels upset. She says, “I don’t believe him.” “He’s not listening.” Her intonation is strong, negative.

KEY WORDS


Appropriate(adj.): correct or good for a particular time , situation, or purpose

Antonym : Inappropriate (adj)

Ex: Your clothes are not appropriate for a job interview.

Ex: It is an inappropriate behavior to send text messages during a lecture.


Assume(v): to think that something is true even though you do not know it is

Word Formation : Assumption(n)

Ex: I did not see you in class, so I assumed that you were ill that day.

Ex: Let’s assume that we could not solve the problem, what would happen ?


Gesture(n): a movement of your head, arm or hand to express your feeling

Ex: From his gestures, I understood that he did not like the idea.

Ex: Because he could not speak English, he used his gestures to tell his problem.


Potential(n): the possibility that something will develop or happen in a particular way

Collocations : have potential show potential

Ex: She proved that she has the potential to do what ever she wants.

Ex: You need to show your potential to people around you.


Regulate(v): to control an activity or process, usually by having rules

Ex: Sometimes you need to use nonverbal and verbal communication to regulate the conversation.

Ex: There are certain rules which regulate the use of chemicals in foods.


Signal(n): a sound, action, or event that gives information or tells someone to do something

Ex: Sometimes nonverbal signals tell more than the verbal signals

Ex: She has not come to meeting. It may be a signal that she will leave the job soon.


Before You Listen Kinesics is a type of nonverbal communication that

studies gesture-the movements of body.Answer the questions about gestures.

1. Look at the gestures that means “I don’t know” in Western cultures. Do you know of any other meanings for this gesture? Do you know of any other gestures that signal the same meaning ?

2. Do you know any gestures to communicate these ideas? Good Job No Way! Watch out ! Pay Attention! Who?Me? Good-bye Come here3. Do you think gestures mean the same thing in every

culture ? 4. Do you know of any gesture that is appropriate in one

culture but not in another? CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Global Listening1. Listen to the lecture and group discussion. Take notes on

the main ideas.2. Read the statements on page 141 and decide if they are

true(T) or false (F) 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T


3. Review the skill box on page 140. Listen to the excerpts from the lecture and circle the correct answer to complete each statement. For each statement, note specific words or other clues that helped you infer the meaning.

Excerpt One1. to understand the use ofNotes: gestures are not the same across cultures2. canNotes: “you must be careful” suggests that people can choose

how to use gestures


Excerpt Two3. talk too muchNotes: “polite, quiet” vs. “they talked and talked”; uses falling

intonation; sounds a bit upset4. differentNotes: difficulty communicating in a new culture shows this

differenceExcerpt Three5. agreeNotes: “now I understand” means that she learned how to

communicate in the new cultureExcerpt Four6. inform


Focused Listening

1. Listen again to the lecture and the discussion. Answer the questions on page 142.

1. 1. raising a hand; looking in the eye; raise eyebrows2. 2. thumbs up; finger to lips3. 3. waves hand, calls out answer, doesn’t give others a

chance to talk


Making Inferences about Speaker’s AttitudeAn attitude is how someone generally feels or thinks

about something. Speaker’s often do not directly state their attitudes.In this case, the listener must listen carefully for specific

clues that suggest what the speaker is feeling. To make inferences about a speaker’s attitude, listen for:The speaker’s word choices:

Words like good or best show a positive attitude, while words like bad or wrong show a negative attitude.

Also certain words make an idea stronger- for example, very, really,so, and just


Stress:A speaker may emphasize words to show strong feelingsListen to the example :

No. NO!

Intonation:Speakers often use rising intonation to show positive

feelings and falling intonation to show negative feelings.Listen to Example:

“Good Morning!” (rising intonation) “Good Morning.” (falling intonation)


2. Read the words. Decide if their meaning shows a positive or negative attitude.Write + for positive and – for negative.

Positive Negative


2. comfortable, 4. enough,

5. fine, 6. good, 8. help,

9. polite, 15. yes

1. but, 3. difficult,

7. hard, 10. problem,

11. rude, 12. too much,

13.trouble, 14. uncomfortable

3. Listen to the excerpts from the lecture and discussion. Listen for stress, intonation, and word choice to infer attitude. Write + for positive and – for negative. Then use the words in the box on page 143 and fill in the blanks.

Excerpt Onegeneral attitude: negativefrustrated, upset, uncomfortableExcerpt Twogeneral attitude: positiveconfident, relaxedExcerpt Threegeneral attitude: negativefrustrated, offended, upsetExcerpt Fourgeneral attitude: positivehelpful


Analyze(v): to look at or think about the parts of something in order to understand the whole thing

Word Formation : Analysis (n)

Ex: You need to analyze the data we sent yesterday. Ex: After a detailed analysis of the news, he decided to

make an announcement


Calm(adj.): relaxed and quiet,not angry or upset

Word Formation : Calm Down (phr.v.)

Definition : to become quiet and relaxed after you have been angry.

Ex: During the meeting, I tried to stay calm and ignored him and his criticisms.

Ex: Try to calm down now and tell me where you saw the thief.


Method(n): a planned way of doing something

Collocations : method of/for doing something

Ex: We need to think about a different method of solving this problem.

Ex: They have effective methods for releasing daily stress.


Brief(adj): continuing for a very short time Synonyms : short

Ex: He gave a brief description of the duties we are responsible for the term.

Ex: They have come here for a brief visit. They will leave in two days.


Inform(v): to give information

Collocations : Inform somebody of/about something

Ex: In case of an emergency, you need to inform the police

Ex: Please inform us about any change of address. Ex:


Require(v): to need something Word Formation : Requirement(n)

Ex: These flowers require regular wateringEx: The immigrants main requirement is food and

clothes.


Agitated(adj. ): so nervous and upset that you can not stay calm

Ex: She got more agitated when they talked to her. Ex: My father gets agitated if we do not listen to him.


Refuse(v): to say that you will not do something that someone asked you to do

Antonym : acceptCollocations : refuse to do something

Ex: The teacher refused to give break without finishing the task.

Ex: She asked him to leave, but he refused.


Unable(adj.): not able to do something

Collocations : unable to do something

Ex: She was unable to finish the assignment on timeEx: I was unable to sleep, so I got up and watched TV.


Before You Read1. Work with a partner and take turns talking for 60

seconds about what you are going to do after class today.

1. During how much of your conversation did you look at each other- for more than half or less than half of the time?

2. Did you look at your partner more when you were speaking or when you were listening?

3. What percentage of the time do you think people look at one another during a conversation ?


2. Read the textbook paragraph on page 144 and discuss the

questions on page 145.

1. Look at you notes from Exercise 1. Was your experience

similar to or different from Argyle and Cook’s findings?

2. Do you think the results of the study would be the same

or different in your culture?

3. In what situations is it appropriate and inappropriate to

gaze at another person in your culture? How is this

different from other cultures you know of ?


Global Reading1. Read the student summary and classmates’ comments

from the website of an online communication class. Underline the main ideas.

Paragraph 1: In her study, she shows that the use of gaze is a very important part of regulating face-to-face communication in difficult situations for a police officer.

Paragraph 2: Kidwell reviewed real video from the television show COPS to study how police officers use gaze.

Paragraph 3: Kidwell cites other studies . . . because they found that gaze is very important for knowing if a person is participating in a conversation.


Paragraph 4: when the hysterical woman in COPS refuses to look at the police officer, the officer understands it as an important sign of problems with their communication.

Paragraph 5: Kidwell concludes that gaze is the most important method of regulating face-to-face interaction.

Paragraph 6: touching someone’s face like that would make them very uncomfortable.

Paragraph 7: The research says that looking away helps people shut out everything else so they can think.


2. Complete the main idea statements about the summary and the students’ comments.

1. Mardi Kidwell’s study shows that gaze is a very important part of regulating communication.

2. The method of Kidwell’s study was analyzing video from a television program showing police at work.

3. Earlier studies showed that gaze is very important for knowing if a person is active in a conversation.

4. Kidwell found that when the woman refused to meet the officer’s gaze, he saw it as a problem and tried to fix the situation.


5. The conclusion of Kidwell’s study is that gaze is the most important method of regulating face-to-face communication.

6. Akiko thinks that in her culture, the policeman’s actions would be very inappropriate.

7. Robert (in response to Akiko) says that other research found that avoiding gaze like the woman in the video was doing helps people think.


Focused Reading1. Complete the statements with details from the website

on page 145 & 146.

1. the year 20062. reality television program3. many different ways 4. feels uncomfortable5. rules of gaze6. when they need to think


Inferring Word Meaning from Context

In academic settings, you will be expected to learn a lot of new vocabulary

You can infer a new word’s meaning by looking at clues in the context.

Look for these kinds of clues:Synoyms:

She was very quiet and tranquilAntonyms and Contrasts

The woman was very upset earlier, but now she is sedate


Explanations or examples used with the wordEye contact, gestures, and smiling are all examples of

kinesics.Grammar

His nonverbal signals seemed aggressive.

2. Work in small groups.Infer the meaning from the reading by following the steps below:Scan the website on page 145&146 for the words listed in

the chart.Look for clues about the word’s meaning.Write the type of each clue.Write a definition for each word.


Word form adjective

WORD CLUES TYPE OF CLUES DEFINITION

Traumatic (para.1)

People hurt,upsetCar accidentsDifficult situations

ExplanationExampleSynoym

Very bad, upsetting

Hysterical(Para. 2, 4)

“very upset,”“unable tocommunicate”grandson was shot

synonymsexplanation

so upset or afraid that you can’t do something

refuse(para. 3, 4)

“make it difficult”woman wouldn’tlook at officermakes her “give” gazeword form—verb

synonymexplanationcontrastgrammar

to not do or give somethingthat someone wants

avert(para. 7)

“look away” “like the woman did”word form—verb

synonymexamplegrammar

to look away

footage(paragraph9)

“videotape”word form = noun

synonymgrammar

Film


3. Write two other words from the website in the chart in Exercise 2. Infer their meanings from context.

4. You will do an experiment in which you break a well- known nonverbal communication rule. Follow the steps on page 149 to do the experiment.


NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT.

Documents

Transcript of NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT.