NON-VERBAL COMN-15sep2010
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Transcript of NON-VERBAL COMN-15sep2010
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Non-VerbalCommunication
Hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil
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Non-Verbal Communication
� Sending and receiving messageswithout the use of words
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Nonverbal Communication
Definition:� Human action and behavior and thecorresponding meaning that is
attached to behavior.� In short, everything but the words.
� It is far more than just gestures andeye contact.
� Actions Speak Louder Than Words
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Linkage of Verbal and
Nonverbal Communication� Complement ³ what
is being said andaccompany the
words.� Accenting ³ strong
action supportingwords.
�
Contradicting ³ saythe opposite of theverbal message.
� Repeating ³ verbalsignal followed byphysical signal.
� Regulating ³speaking louder orholding up a hand.
� Substituting ³
using action orsymbols in lieu ofwords.
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Why pay attention to
nonverbal?� Exchange of
information thrunonlinguistic signs
� Assists in drawingaccurate conclusions
� Increases
sensitivity
� Nonverbal isstronger
� Nonverbal adds toor qualifies message
� More frequent:± 7 % words± 55% body (facial,
posture)± 38% voice(Mehrabian (1968)
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Strategic Usage ofNonverbal Signals
� Emblems ³ actuallystand for something.
� Illustrators ³complement verbalmessage.
� Regulators ³ gesturesthat control what aspeaker says.
�
Affect Display ³ morecomplex and obvious.� Adapter ³ moving body
parts that simulatewhat you would like to
do, but can·t.
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Principles of Non-Verbal
Communication
� Natural
�
Cultural
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Natural Signs� Eye is the best mirror of what goes on in the
mind.� Face including eye gives better picture of what
you are.�
Natural signs of mental state ²± Lip movement± Hand movement± Leg movement± Posture±
Sweating± Trembling± Lack of co-ordination± Fumbling± Increased use of fillers
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Cultural Signs
� Cultural way of understandingyour behavior -
± Saluting, giving respect to others.± Tone in which you address others.
± Gestures that you show.
± The way you dress, curtsy talk.± Distance you keep from others.
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What you speak?
� There should be coherence amongwhat you speak and what you
non-verbally signal:± naturally and culturally.
� If there is contradiction:± You say that you are happy and thenatural signs indicate you are not.
± You do not successfullycommunicate.
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Elements of Non-Verbal
Communication� Body language
�
Eye contact� Facial expressions
�
Vocal cues� Spatial use
� Time
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Body Language
� Appearance
� Posture
�
Walk� Gestures
� Touch
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Why Do We Wear Clothing
� To cover one·s body� To keep warm�
To indicate wealth or status� To indicate indifference to wealth andstatus
� To indicate occupation� To show religious or cultural belief� To express one·s individuality
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� Why do companies and schools haverules regulating what people can wear±
Because people make snap judgmentsabout others base on how they look
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Posture and Walk
� Standing straight can indicateconfidence
� Dragging your feet can indicatethat± You are tired or± Reluctant to go where you are going
�
Walking briskly can indicate± That you are excited or± That you are important
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Gestures
� Movement of hands and arms used tohelp make a point
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Touching
� Perception influence by who touches, nature oftouch and context
� Can convey:±
Affection± Sexual Interest± Dominance± Caring± Aggression
� Produces positive reactions when appropriate� Handshake
± Firmness and duration predict favorable impressions
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Touch
� Friends touch each other to indicatecloseness
�
People might strike each other inanger
� People can indicate status by initiating
touch� Inappropriate or unwanted touch canbe sexual harassment
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Eye Contact
� Important nonverbal cue±High level gazing:
�
liking or friendliness±Staring (maintain gaze regardless):
� anger or hostility
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Vocal Cues
� Pitch
�
Rate� Volume
� Quality
�
Articulation
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Spatial Use
� Public space ² over 12 feet
� Social space (4 -12 feet)
�
Personal space ( 1 ¼ - 4 feet)� Intimate space (upto 1 ½ feet)
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Proxemics
� The use of space and how spaceinfluences relationships andcommunication
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Time
� People who spend a great amount oftime together (by choice) are friends
�
Someone who is late doesn·t care.� Someone who is too early cares toomuch (is desperate)
�
Someone who keeps you waiting is ofhigher status
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Men and Women at Work
� Men take up morespace
� Handshakes³firm,
not bonecrunching.� Women smile more
and are expected
to smile� Women maintain
eye contact longer
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Non Verbal Messages can
� Support verbal messages (clarify)
� Contradict verbal messages (mixed
messages)� Replace verbal messages (secrets)
� Regulate verbal messages (control)
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Nonverbal Communication:
Recognizing Deception� Most people lie every day
� Not very good detectors of lying
� Generally perceive others astruthful
� Generalize individuals truthfulness
� However, nonverbal cues can behelpful
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Recognizing Deception
� Micro expressions:± Immediate± Brief facial expressions
�
Interchannel discrepancies:± Differences among types of nonverbal cues
� Eye contact:± Blink more
± Dilated pupils± Unusually high or low level
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Recognizing Deception
� Exaggerated facial expressions:± Unusually strong nonverbal cues
� Move arms, hands, and fingers less
� Linguistic style:± Delay± High pitch± Restart sentences
± Speech errors± Backtracking
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Nonverbal Leakage of
Deception³Lying� BASE LINE behavior before
judging
� MOVEMENT
± Hand-to-face (covermouth)
± Nose rub
± Lip biting
± Foot tapping
±
Open gestures showcomfort.
� DRESS
± Close and open coat
± Play with collar
±
Picking at lint on clothing� PROXEMICS
± Moving away
� PARALANGUAGE
± Slow response
± Long answers± Vocal pitch
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EXAMPLES OF BODY LANGUAGE
TRAIT INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on
hips
Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed,foot kicking slightly
Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands inpockets, shoulders
hunched
Dejection
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EXAMPLES OF BODY LANGUAGE
TRAIT INTERPRETATION
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly
rubbing nose
Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind
back
Anger, frustration,
apprehensionLocked ankles Apprehension
Head resting in hand,eyes downcast
Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
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EXAMPLES OF BODY LANGUAGE
TRAIT INTERPRETATIO
N
Sitting with handsclasped behind head,legs crossed
Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness,innocence
Pinching bridge of nose,eyes closed
Negative evaluation
Tapping or drummingfingers
Impatience
Steepling fingers Authoritative
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EXAMPLES OF BODY LANGUAGE
TRAIT INTERPRETATION
Patting / fondling hair Lack of self-confidence;
insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin
Trying to make a decision
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
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THANK YOU
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PROXEMICSPersonal Space
� DISTANCE± In tima te Dis tance 18µ± Personal Dis tance 1 - 4 ¶± Soc ial Dis tance 4 - 8·± Publ ic Dis tance 12·
� STATUS±
Higher phys ical loca tions ± Pr iv ac y± Prop in quity³close to po wer
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Spatial DifferencesProxemics zones vary according to:� Culture³awkwardness can result.� Gender³Men tend to maintain larger
personal space bubbles than women.� Temporary reductions cause people to ´stake
outµ territory.± Barriers± Arranging personal ´stuffµ± Cubicles
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Paralanguage
� Nonverbal aspectsof vocal delivery:± Pitch,± Tone,± Response or onset
time,± Duration of
message.
� Nervous ³± high pitch
� Slow response ³± lying or thoughtful
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Kinesics
� Movement ³ most studied category ofnonverbal communication;
� Includes gestures as well as posture.
± Not a precise science.± Differs between cultures.± More accurate if observed over time.± Gestures.± Cultural context (Symbols and action
vary).