NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASESNON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

COMMUNICABLE DISEASESCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES

What is itWhat is it

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Other illnesses caused by how Other illnesses caused by how people live, by conditions they are people live, by conditions they are born with, or by hazards around born with, or by hazards around them.them.

Most noncommunicable diseaes are Most noncommunicable diseaes are present over a long time, often present over a long time, often years.years.

These illnesses are called These illnesses are called chronic chronic diseasesdiseases

Noncommunicable diseases result in Noncommunicable diseases result in the breakdown of the body’s tissue.the breakdown of the body’s tissue.

Degenerative diseasesDegenerative diseases

Three ways to develop Three ways to develop noncommunicable diseasesnoncommunicable diseases

Person born with the diseasePerson born with the disease

Develop the disease because of the Develop the disease because of the way he or she livesway he or she lives

Develops the disease because of a Develops the disease because of a hazard around him/herhazard around him/her

Genetic disordersGenetic disorders

Disease or condition in which the Disease or condition in which the body does not functiuon normally body does not functiuon normally becaue of the abnormal genes the becaue of the abnormal genes the baby received from one of the baby received from one of the parents or both.parents or both.

Cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis

Birth DefectsBirth Defects

Disorders of the developing baby or Disorders of the developing baby or newborn baby.newborn baby.

Fetal alcohol syhndrome Fetal alcohol syhndrome Cerebral palsyCerebral palsy

Lifestyle diseasesLifestyle diseases

Diseases that are caused by our Diseases that are caused by our health habits.health habits.

What can people do to lesson What can people do to lesson their chances of getting their chances of getting

lifestyle diseaseslifestyle diseases Eat a balanced dietEat a balanced diet Exercise regularlyExercise regularly Maintain our ideal weightMaintain our ideal weight Lower your stressLower your stress Avoid using tobacco, alcohol, and Avoid using tobacco, alcohol, and

drugsdrugs

Risk factorsRisk factors

Traits or habits that raise someone’s Traits or habits that raise someone’s chances of getting a diseasechances of getting a disease– Family historyFamily history

Bodies Defense against Bodies Defense against infectioninfection

Outer protective surface keep germs Outer protective surface keep germs from entering your blood:from entering your blood:

Cover and protect eye from dust and Cover and protect eye from dust and germs – chemicals that kill germs:germs – chemicals that kill germs:

Line the nose, mouth, eyes and other Line the nose, mouth, eyes and other body openings, trap germs:body openings, trap germs:

Washes germs away from teeth – Washes germs away from teeth – chemicals that kill germs:chemicals that kill germs:

Secondary circulatory system helps Secondary circulatory system helps body fight germs and maintain its body fight germs and maintain its fluid balance. WBC: fluid balance. WBC: systemsystem

Response to injury or disease, results Response to injury or disease, results in swelling, pain, heat, redness. WBC in swelling, pain, heat, redness. WBC rush to affected area and destroy rush to affected area and destroy germs:germs:

Gastric juices lining the stomach:Gastric juices lining the stomach:

Types of Noncommunicable Types of Noncommunicable DiseasesDiseases

Heart diseaseHeart disease Heart attack – myocardial infarction- damage to the Heart attack – myocardial infarction- damage to the

heart resulting from blackage of its normal blood heart resulting from blackage of its normal blood supplysupply

Atherosclerosis – build up fatty substances on the walls Atherosclerosis – build up fatty substances on the walls of the arteries causing blood flow to slow downof the arteries causing blood flow to slow down

Stroke – blood clot in the brain that stops the flow of Stroke – blood clot in the brain that stops the flow of blood causing brain cells to die from lack of oxygenblood causing brain cells to die from lack of oxygen

HBP – hypertension- higher than normal blood rpessure HBP – hypertension- higher than normal blood rpessure Congenital heart disease – heart disease that is present Congenital heart disease – heart disease that is present

at birthat birth Murmers – heart sounds made as a result of blood Murmers – heart sounds made as a result of blood

pressing through irregular valve closurespressing through irregular valve closures

what is cancer?what is cancer?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEpTTolebqov=LEpTTolebqo

Large group of diseases Large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cellsand spread of abnormal cells

One out of every five deaths is One out of every five deaths is caused by cancer in the U.S.caused by cancer in the U.S.

Facts about cancerFacts about cancer Tumor – neoplasmic mass that grows more rapidly Tumor – neoplasmic mass that grows more rapidly

than surrounding tissuesthan surrounding tissues Neoplasm – uncontrolled, abnormal cellular Neoplasm – uncontrolled, abnormal cellular

development that serves no physiological functiondevelopment that serves no physiological function Malignant – very dangerous or harmful; refers to Malignant – very dangerous or harmful; refers to

cancerous tumorcancerous tumor Benign – harmless; refers to a noncercerous tumorBenign – harmless; refers to a noncercerous tumor Biopsy – microscopic examination of tissue to Biopsy – microscopic examination of tissue to

determine if canre is presentdetermine if canre is present Metastasis – process by which cancer spreads Metastasis – process by which cancer spreads

from a localized area to different areas of the bodyfrom a localized area to different areas of the body Cercinogens – cercer producting agentsCercinogens – cercer producting agents

Cancer treatmentsCancer treatments Surgery – removal of the cancerous areaSurgery – removal of the cancerous area Chemotherapy – using chemical to destroy cancer cellsChemotherapy – using chemical to destroy cancer cells Radiation – using radiation to destroy the cancerous growthRadiation – using radiation to destroy the cancerous growth Lung cancer – chemotherapy Lung cancer – chemotherapy Leukemia – camcer of the blood-forming tissues of white Leukemia – camcer of the blood-forming tissues of white

blood cless which causes the abnormal cells to crowd out blood cless which causes the abnormal cells to crowd out the normal white blood cells, platelets, and RBC. the normal white blood cells, platelets, and RBC. Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantsChemotherapy and bone marrow transplants

Diabetes – disease in which the pancreas fails to preduce Diabetes – disease in which the pancreas fails to preduce enough insulin or the body fails to use insulin effectively. enough insulin or the body fails to use insulin effectively. Insulin is a hormone preduced by the pancreas; required by Insulin is a hormone preduced by the pancreas; required by the body for the metabolism of carboydrates. the body for the metabolism of carboydrates.

Arthritis – inflammatory, painful disease of the jointsArthritis – inflammatory, painful disease of the joints osteoarthritis.- deterioration of bones and joints because of osteoarthritis.- deterioration of bones and joints because of

“wear and tear” of aging“wear and tear” of aging

Those who are doing research on non-Those who are doing research on non-communicable disesases need to be communicable disesases need to be

extremely specific on the exact causes extremely specific on the exact causes and treatments….and treatments….

Make sure to include a history, Make sure to include a history, symtoms, and who is most susceptiblesymtoms, and who is most susceptible

Give as much information as you can… Give as much information as you can… we want to know everything…we want to know everything…

What is communicable What is communicable disease??disease??

Illnesses that can be passed on from Illnesses that can be passed on from one person to another.one person to another.

Disease that affects the body or mindDisease that affects the body or mind

What are the causes???What are the causes???

GERMS GERMS So small a person can see them So small a person can see them

only through a microscope.only through a microscope.Germs get into body cells, grow Germs get into body cells, grow

and reproduceand reproduceSome produce waste products Some produce waste products

that are poisonous to cells.that are poisonous to cells.Results in infection, destroys or Results in infection, destroys or

damages body cells.damages body cells.

5 types of germs5 types of germs

Can you name themCan you name them

What is a germ???What is a germ???

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3phZfvOFcHEv=3phZfvOFcHE

Betty BacteriaBetty Bacteria

Single celled organism that may be Single celled organism that may be disease causingdisease causing

Ear infections Ear infections Infected cuts are types of bacteriaInfected cuts are types of bacteria

virusesviruses

Minute parasites that live insed Minute parasites that live insed another cellanother cell

Rabies and AIDS are a couple Rabies and AIDS are a couple 150 viuses that are known to cause 150 viuses that are known to cause

disesasesdisesases

RicketsiasRicketsias

Are disease causing organisms that Are disease causing organisms that are spread by different kinds of are spread by different kinds of animalsanimals

Lice, mites, ticks carry rickettsiasLice, mites, ticks carry rickettsias

FungiFungi

Simple life forms that cannot make Simple life forms that cannot make their own food which like to live in their own food which like to live in warm, moist areas.warm, moist areas.

Disease of fungi include: athletes Disease of fungi include: athletes foot, ringworm, foot, ringworm,

Keep infected areas clean and dry Keep infected areas clean and dry plus treatment brings relief to these plus treatment brings relief to these infected areasinfected areas

ProtozoaProtozoa

MicroscopicMicroscopic Single celled organisms associated with Single celled organisms associated with

tropical diseases such as tropical diseases such as – MalariaMalaria– Water-borne diseasesWater-borne diseases

Video on parasites…Video on parasites…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABeBqbBy2Lov=ABeBqbBy2Lo

HOW ARE GERMS SPREADHOW ARE GERMS SPREAD

Close contact with person who has Close contact with person who has the germ: couph or sneezethe germ: couph or sneeze

Direct contact with a person who has Direct contact with a person who has the germ: STD, kissingthe germ: STD, kissing

Contact with animalsContact with animals Contact through drinking water or Contact through drinking water or

eating uncooked foodeating uncooked food

What is your immune system?What is your immune system?

How can it help?How can it help?

Group of body organs, tissues and Group of body organs, tissues and cells that fight germs and that have cells that fight germs and that have the ability to remember how to the ability to remember how to destroy the same germ again.destroy the same germ again.

How and why do people get fevers?How and why do people get fevers?

The body’s defense mechanism to The body’s defense mechanism to destroy germsdestroy germs

Lots of rest, medicine, stay hydratedLots of rest, medicine, stay hydrated

PhagocytesPhagocytes

LymphocytesLymphocytes

What do these words mean…. Why are What do these words mean…. Why are they important to know???they important to know???

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kskFjm1pKEsv=kskFjm1pKEs

Phagocyte – special WBC that are Phagocyte – special WBC that are released in the blood when a germ enters released in the blood when a germ enters the bodythe body

Main germ fighters made up of special Main germ fighters made up of special white blood cells that contain T-cells and white blood cells that contain T-cells and B-cells. B- cells produce antibodies which B-cells. B- cells produce antibodies which give you immunity to a disease. T-cells give you immunity to a disease. T-cells stimulate B-cells to produce antibodiesstimulate B-cells to produce antibodies

IMPORTANT FACTSIMPORTANT FACTS

Receive vaccines against disesases Receive vaccines against disesases and practice good health habitsand practice good health habits

Hold your arm over your mouth when Hold your arm over your mouth when you cough of sneeze.you cough of sneeze.

Wash your handsWash your hands after using after using the bathroom and always wash your the bathroom and always wash your hands when handling uncooked meathands when handling uncooked meat

CHICKEN POX – WHY VACCINES ARE IMPORTANT

http://www.pkids.org/immunizations/videos/chickenpox.html

Vocab words to knowVocab words to know Epidemic – disese outbreak that affects many Epidemic – disese outbreak that affects many

people in a community or region at the same people in a community or region at the same timetime

Incubation period – time between exposure to Incubation period – time between exposure to a disease and te appearance of the symptoma disease and te appearance of the symptom

Antigen – substance capable of triggering an Antigen – substance capable of triggering an immune system. Can be a virus, bacterium, or immune system. Can be a virus, bacterium, or fungus or parasitefungus or parasite

Anitbodies – substance produced by the body Anitbodies – substance produced by the body that are individually matched to specific that are individually matched to specific antigensantigens

YOU WILL NEED TO TAKE NOTES WHILE YOU WILL NEED TO TAKE NOTES WHILE THE PRESENTATIONS ARE BEING DONETHE PRESENTATIONS ARE BEING DONE

THE INFORMATION WILL BE SEEN AGAIN THE INFORMATION WILL BE SEEN AGAIN ON A TEST….ON A TEST….

THESE ARE THE SPECIFIC DISEASES YOU THESE ARE THE SPECIFIC DISEASES YOU NEED TO KNOW- PAY ATTENTIONNEED TO KNOW- PAY ATTENTION