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National Emergency Relief Summit
March 2014
Noel Clement Head of Australian Services
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Overview
1. Context
• Red Cross in emergency management
2. Relief & Recovery
• Disaster impacts/human needs
• National Principles for Disaster Recovery
• Emergency Appeals
3. Lessons/challenges
• Overarching
• Appeals related
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• Auxiliary to government
• Partnerships at all levels of government
• Responsibilities under State/ Territory
EM arrangements
• Other Partnerships • Australian Psychological Society
• Save the Children
• Corporate support
Red Cross response – the framework Red Cross role in Emergency Management
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Emergency Services Strategy 2010-2015
The aim:
To mobilise the power of humanity to build resilience in communities before, during and after emergencies.
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Red Cross Strategy - Outcomes Focus
1. Preparedness
2. Response
3. Recovery
4. Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander communities
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Relief & Recovery
• Disaster impacts/human needs
• National Principles for Disaster Recovery
• Emergency Appeals
Where does Emergency Relief fit in?
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• Disasters impacts upon, individuals, families, places, networks, businesses,
livelihoods
• People may lose a lifetime of memories, belongings, treasured pets,
irreplaceable possessions and years of hard work
• No two people experience
the same disaster
• The consequences are long,
complex and disruptive
Disaster impacts
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Scenario
• What do I need?
• Who can provide it?
• Who’s in charge?
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Counseling/rebuilding/’getting over it’ • Public interest and perception
• Time to rebuild
• Counseling v. practical assistance/effort
Practical matters • Decision making
• Housing/living arrangements
• Children’s schools
Sustaining the effort in a continually changing environment • Work
• Clearing/rebuilding
• Living arrangements (caravans/relocation?)
• Family stresses
Managing role tensions, stress & fatigue • Balancing the community role with family and personal recovery
• Cumulative Stress
• Fatigue
The challenges – individual and community
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• Range of community recovery services
• Information
• Community and personal support
• Emergency Relief/ Financial assistance
• Mental health support
• Community development and resources
• Type, range and quantum of services dependent on impact of
disaster and needs of individuals and communities
Services – individual and community
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Disaster recovery in Australia
• Supporting communities to work together during adversity
• Recognising and contributing to individual and community resilience
• Working with and empowering communities physical, environmental & economic elements, together with psychosocial wellbeing
• Enhancing social and natural environments, infrastructure and economies
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National principles for disaster recovery
A joint approach to disaster recovery:
• whole of government
• whole of community
A national collaboration owned and shared by many:
• governments at all levels
• not for profit sector
• the many individuals working in emergency management and recovery
A strong focus on community led recovery:
• applicable to all aspects of recovery
• promote self-reliance, shared responsibility and mutual obligation
Developed and revised by the Disaster Recovery Sub Committee (DRSC) of the Community and
Disability Services Ministers’ Advisory Council (CDSMAC)
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National principles for disaster recovery
Six key interrelated concepts:
1. Understanding the context
2. Recognising the complexity
3. Using community led approaches
4. Ensuring coordination of all activities
5. Employing effective communication
6. Acknowledging and building capacity
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Potential Emergency Relief measures
State/Territory Governments • Emergency assistance
• Temporary living
• Household rebuild/repair
Australian Government grants • Centrelink Disaster Relief payment
Appeals • Not for profits
• Community groups – new and existing
Material aid/donated goods • Corporate
• Individual generosity
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Emergency Relief - Observations
o Can be divisive if impact and community need are not well understood
o Majority of recipients are typically not used to accessing financial assistance
o Expectations of beneficiaries can be varied
o Expectations of donors need to be carefully managed
o Prescribed versus empowerment approaches
Financial assistance
• Often unnecessarily complex
• Coordination challenges – duplication and gaps
• Availability driven by intangibles such as media interest & public response
Donated goods
• Balancing people’s desire to give/help with need/dignity of those affected
• Potential impact on local economic recovery (e.g. local stores)
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Appeals - Black Saturday 2009
Red Cross launched the Victorian Bushfire Appeal in partnership
with the Victorian and Australian governments on 8 February
• Close to 600,000 people donated to the Appeal
• 93% of the donations came from individuals
• 13 simultaneous call centres were in operation during collection process
• 350,000 calls received in one 3 hour period alone
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Appeals - Black Saturday 2009
Background:
• 173 people deceased
• Hundreds of people injured
• Thousands of homes and properties damaged or destroyed
• Major impact on community infrastructure
• Major economic impacts
Exercise:
How would you allocate the funds?
• $401m (including interest)
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Appeals - Black Saturday 2009
• Independent advisory panel made up of community leaders
established to oversee the Appeal Fund’s operation
• Administration undertaken through Victorian Government
Department of Human Services (no costs taken from the fund)
• $320m (80%) to individuals and families
• $81m to communities
• $225m on housing support
• More than $240m (60%) distributed in the first 12 months
• 46,000 payments made to date
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Appeals - Black Saturday 2009
Initial emergency payments included:
• Compassion and Bereavement Payment
• Initial Home Dislocation Payment
• Severe Injury Payment
• Household Repairs Payment
• Tools of Trade Payment
• Exceptional Hardship Support Payment
• Rebuilding and recovery payments
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Appeals - Black Saturday 2009
Subsequent Rebuilding and recovery payments
included:
• Destroyed Homes Payment
• Damaged Homes Payment
• Tenant Contents Payment
• Rural Properties Recovery Payment
• Severe Injury Transition to Home Payment
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Appeals – Examples of Principles
• Ensure input from the affected community
• Distribution should be accessible, equitable and timely
• Guidelines should be well-publicised and accessible
• Individual and community recovery should be supported
• All money collected should be disbursed
• Separate appeals should be coordinated or, if possible,
combined
• Consideration should be given to other forms of financial
assistance available (capacity to recover)
• Appeal funds should be used for grants, not loans
• Assistance should not act as a disincentive to insurance
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Lessons & Challenges
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Overarching:
• Importance of a cohesive, integrated response -
coordinating diversity of effort to maximise outcomes
• Prompt Response/Proactivity versus sensitivity to
community and individual circumstances
• When is an appeal appropriate?
• Impact of an appeal on wider organisation’s work
• Diversity of impacts and impacted groups
Lessons & challenges
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Appeals:
•The Appeal ‘wave’ – highs and lows
•Tension between immediacy & ensuring full probity - incremental release of funds
• Building and maintaining trust in the appeal – independence of decision making versus organisation control
•Critical importance of communication and transparency
•Legislation/ taxation implications – “relief of distress”
•Distribution costs and infrastructure
•Role of the Media and Public scrutiny
•Donor intent/ expectations of beneficiaries
•Empowerment/dependency
•Long term nature of recovery
Lessons & challenges