NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National...
Transcript of NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National...
![Page 1: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Weather Spotter Training
NOAA / National Weather Service
![Page 2: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
• National Weather Service Overview
• Why are Storm Spotter Important
• Weather Hazards and Safety
• Severe Weather Reporting Procedure
• Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• Monitoring Severe Weather
![Page 3: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
National Weather Service Overview
• Mission: Protection of Life and Property and
enhancement of the national economy.
• Service: We are always here!
• Staffed 24 hours/day, 365 days/year
• Forecasters work rotating shifts
![Page 4: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
National Weather Service Overview
Doppler Radars Automated Surface Observing Sites
Cooperative Observer Sites NOAA Weather Radio Transmitters
![Page 5: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
122 NWS Forecast Offices
![Page 6: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NWS Columbia Area of Responsibility
Population (2018 est.):
1,873,103
23 Counties
(18 in SC, 5 in GA)
![Page 7: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NWS Columbia Staffing
Meteorologist-in-Charge
Senior Forecasters (5)
General Forecasters (5)
Public Service Unit (3)
Senior Service Hydrologist
Electronics Systems Analyst
Electronics Technicians (2)
Observation Program Leader
Information Technology
Officer
Warning Coordination Meteorologist
Science and Operations
Officer
Administrative Assistant
24/7 Shift
Workers
23 Employees
Complete the NWS
Columbia Family
![Page 8: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
NWS Columbia Responsibilities
Highest Priority:
Severe Weather Watches, Warnings,
& Advisories
7 Day Public Forecasts
Aviation Forecasts
Fire Weather Forecasts
River Flood Warnings
Lake Forecasts
Tropical Support
Collect Weather Data
Climate Reports
Decision Support Services
Education/Outreach & Preparedness
Collaboration w/ Federal, State, Media, etc.
Local Research, Attend Scientific Conferences
![Page 9: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Outline
• National Weather Service Overview
• Why are Storm Spotters Important?
• Weather Hazards and Safety
• Severe Weather Reporting Procedure
• Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• Monitoring Severe Weather
![Page 10: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
![Page 11: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
Is the storm Severe or Tornadic?
Lowest elevation scan in this area… around 3,800 feet above ground.
![Page 12: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
Should a Warning be issued?
Storm has good rotation,
but NO reports!
![Page 13: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
Based on radar indication, a TORNADO WARNING is issued!
![Page 14: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
It’s 20 minutes later…
• The storm is about to
move out of the
warned area.
• The storm has
weakened, but still has
strong rotation
• Still NO reports!!!
Should a new warning be issued???
![Page 15: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
Spotter reports tornado on the ground with mobile homes
damaged and numerous trees down!!!
Thanks for the Report!
![Page 16: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
Based on spotter report, a new TORNADO WARNING is issued!
![Page 17: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
You are our “Eyes”!
![Page 18: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
Summary
Warning text without spotter report…
“National Weather Service Doppler Radar
indicated a severe thunderstorm capable of
producing a tornado…”
Warning text with spotter report…
“National Weather Service trained spotter
reported a tornado moving northeast toward
Prosperity, SC…”
![Page 19: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Importance of Spotter Reports
Summary
• Helps NWS fulfill mission of protecting
life and property!
• Gives confidence to the warning
forecaster
• Adds critical details to the warning,
which heightens impacts and response
• Can provide downstream communities
a more timely warning (minutes make a
difference!)
![Page 20: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Outline
• National Weather Service Overview
• Why are Storm Spotters Important?
• Weather Hazards and Safety
• Severe Weather Reporting Procedure
• Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• Monitoring Severe Weather
![Page 21: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Weather Hazards and Safety
![Page 22: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Weather Hazards and Safety
Let’s Look at 10 Year Averages
![Page 23: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Severe Weather Days/Year
![Page 24: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
National Tornado Distribution
![Page 25: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Severe Thunderstorm Winds
![Page 26: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Severe Thunderstorm Wind Days/Year
![Page 27: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Severe Thunderstorm Winds
• Clouds/Storms Form from Rising Air
• Precipitation Forms Falls and “Drags” Air Back Down to Ground
• Drier Air Helps to Create Stronger Downward Motion, Sometimes
Strong (i.e., Downburst)
• Wind Speeds of 60+ mph Start to Cause Damage
![Page 28: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Severe Thunderstorm Winds
Microburst Example
![Page 29: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Severe Thunderstorm Winds
Downburst – Straight Line Winds
What do They Look Like?
On Radar – Difficult to
Detect AND Warn For!
Damage Patterns on
the Ground
![Page 30: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Southeast of Norman, Ok (Bill Bunting)
How much does the water in a typical thunderstorm weigh?
![Page 31: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Southeast of Norman, Ok (Bill Bunting)Southeast of Norman, Ok (Bill Bunting)
It’s hard to tell, but the University of Virginia (2013) estimated:
1 cubic foot of water weighs ~ 62.31 pounds (depending on temperature, contaminants, etc.
A thunderstorm producing 1 inch of rain over an area of 1square mile holds:
~ 2,323,200 cubic feet of water… weighing 144,758,592 pounds!
That’s equivalent to about 1,800 fully loaded 18-wheelers, 644 fully-loaded 747’s,
or 68.65 Olympic-sized pools of water!
![Page 33: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Severe Thunderstorm Winds
Shelf Cloud
• Leading Edge of: Strong Winds, Heavy Rainfall, Hail
• Slope Down and Away from Rain
• Moves Away from Storm
![Page 34: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Severe Thunderstorm Winds
Safety
• Go Into a Sturdy Shelter
• Lowest Level, Interior Room, Away from Windows
• Protect Your Head
![Page 35: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Severe Thunderstorm Winds
Leave Mobile Homes in Severe Weather!
Mobile homes can roll in 80+ mph Winds
![Page 36: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Tornadoes
![Page 37: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tornado Distribution
Tornado Days Per Year
![Page 38: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
National Tornado Distribution
Tornadoes 2000 - 2014
![Page 39: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Funnel Cloud
Funnel Cloud: Rotating column of air from base
of cloud – NO contact with ground
![Page 40: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Tornado
Tornado: Rapidly, violent rotating column of air
from a thunderstorm and in contact with the
ground. Funnel may not be visible.
Look for debris
Keep your eye on the sky AND the ground!
![Page 41: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Tornado
Tornado: Rapidly, violent rotating column of air
from a thunderstorm and in contact with the
ground. Funnel may not be visible.
Again…
Keep your eye on the sky AND the ground!
![Page 42: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Tornado/Funnel Cloud Look-Alikes
“Scud” Clouds. Leading edge of wind shear aloft…look like funnels, no rotation.
![Page 43: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Tornado/Funnel Cloud Look-Alikes
“Scud” Clouds. Leading edge of wind shear aloft…look like funnels, no rotation.
![Page 44: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Tornado/Funnel Cloud Look-Alikes
“Scud” Clouds. This is a great example out of a Towering Cumulus.
Courtesy of Billy TholbornKC4SRA
![Page 45: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Tornado
![Page 46: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Categories of Tornadoes
Intensity of Tornadoes:
• Based on the damage
• Winds NOT directly measured
Rated from EF0 – EF5
(Enhanced Fujita Scale)
Size May Not ≠ Strength
![Page 47: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• EF0 and EF1 on the Enhanced
Fujita Scale (65-110 mph)
• 88% + of All Tornadoes
• < 5% of all Tornado Deaths
• Brief Touchdowns, or Paths
< Few Miles Long
Weak Tornadoes
![Page 48: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Weak Tornadoes
EF0 Damage EF1 Damage
![Page 49: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Weak Tornadoes
EF1 Damage
![Page 50: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
• EF2 and EF3 (111-165 mph)
• 11% of All Tornadoes
• Up to 30% of Tornado
Deaths
• Paths as Long as 10 - 15
Miles Long
Strong Tornadoes
![Page 51: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Strong Tornadoes
Probability of EF-2 or Greater Tornado (1950-2011)
![Page 52: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Mobile Homes, Cars… Death Traps!
Mobile Homes = 69% of 2012 Tornado Fatalities
![Page 53: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
• EF4 and EF5 (166-200+ mph)
• 1% or Less of All
Tornadoes
• ~70% of all Fatalities
• Paths May Be > 70 miles
Long, up to 1 mile WidePhoto by Doug Berry
Violent Tornadoes
![Page 54: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Violent Tornadoes
Probability of EF-4 or Greater Tornado (1950-2011)
![Page 55: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Asphalt Stripped Off Highway
EF5 Damage
![Page 56: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Leave Your Car!
EF5 Damage
![Page 57: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Seek Sturdy Shelter
Interior Room, on Lowest Level
Away From Windows
Protect Your Head
Tornado Safety
![Page 58: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
All Survived in Interior Rooms or Closets!
Tornado Safety
![Page 59: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Tornado Safety – Last Words
And… damaged vehicles may block First Responders from saving lives.
![Page 60: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Hail
![Page 61: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Severe Hail Distribution
![Page 62: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
• Chunks of Ice Falling From a
Thunderstorm
• Size of Hail Indicates Storm
Severity. Why’s that?
– The Stronger The Updraft, The
Stronger The Storm
• Please Report All Hail,
Regardless Of Size!
• If Driving, Pull Over to
Minimize Window Damage
Hail Formation
![Page 63: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Record Vivian, SD Jul 23, 2010
Diameter: 8”
Weight: 1.94 lbs
Circumference: 18.62”
Typical Size SpectrumPea to Baseball
Hail: Many Shapes and Sizes
![Page 64: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Severe Hail is 1” Diameter (Quarter Size) or Larger
Note: PLEASE Report Hail of ANY Size!
Warning Criteria for Hail
![Page 65: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Car Roof Plants
Airplanes Siding on Home
Hail Damage
![Page 66: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Hail Damage: Trees and Shrubs
![Page 67: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Jogger Injured by 1.5”
Hail in Des Moines, IA
April 2010
Photo courtesy
KCCI 8 – Des Moines
Move into a Sturdy
Structure:
Car, House, Building
Hail Injuries and Safety
![Page 68: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Lightning
![Page 69: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
(As of August 1, 2018)
![Page 70: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Photo by Doug Berry
Lightning Facts
• Bolt can heat the air to
50,000° F
• Causes an average of 30-60
U.S. deaths/year (70-80% male)
• After thunder…
5 sec ~ 1 mile
![Page 71: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Photo by Doug Berry
Lightning Facts
Lightning can strike “Out of the Blue”
miles away from the thunderstorm!
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station/Kennedy Space Center has documented lightning traveling almost 90 miles outward in the thunderstorm anvil.
![Page 72: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
3 – 8 Strikes/km2/yr
Average CG Lightning Strikes (km2/yr)
![Page 73: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
• The biggest danger to the public/spotters
• Hard to Predict When/Where a CG Strike Will Occur
• Future – Lightning Warnings?
No NWS Warnings for Lightning!
![Page 74: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
BEFORE Strike
• Hair stands on end
• May hear a buzzing or crackling sound
AFTER Strike
• Bark Stripped off Tree
• Marks/Burns on Body
• Clothes/Shoes Burned
• Blown Electrical Outlets/Bulbs/Appliances
Some Signs of a Lightning Strike
![Page 75: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
• Avoid Being the Tallest Object
• Stay Away From Water and Metal
• Seek Protection in a Sturdy Structure
• Stay off Phones, Get Away from Windows & Appliances
Lightning Safety Tips
![Page 76: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Flooding
![Page 77: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Nearly 1/2 of All Flash Flood-Related
Deaths Involve Automobiles
One of the Biggest Weather-Related Killers!
Don’t Drive Through Low Water Crossings!
Flash Flooding
![Page 78: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Flood Fatalities (# varies year to year)
![Page 79: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
- Hazardous Chemicals
- Snakes…
- Alligators…
- Drainage pipes…
- Glass…
- Sharp Objects…
Flooding: Hidden Dangers
![Page 80: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Flash Flooding: Turn Around, Don’t Drown
![Page 81: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Flash Flooding: Turn Around, Don’t Drown
October, 2015…Columbia, SC.
![Page 82: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Outline
• National Weather Service Overview
• Why are Storm Spotter Important
• Weather Hazards and Safety
• Severe Weather Reporting Procedure
• Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• Monitoring Severe Weather
![Page 83: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
• Measured or Estimated Winds 50+ mph
• Wind Damage (downed trees/tree limbs, power lines, cars, etc.)
• Tornadoes/Waterspouts
• Funnel Clouds
• Significant Flooding (roads impassable/closed, water into homes/businesses, etc.)
• Hail (any size)…report largest piece
Severe Weather Reporting Procedures
![Page 84: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
• Use TEL Method for Your Report:
Time - When did it happen?
Event - What did you observe?
Location – Where did it occur?
Note: Address, nearest intersection or lat/lon for damage is VERY helpful!
Severe Weather Reporting Procedures
![Page 85: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
• Have an organized reporting tool handy!– Spotter Report Form available
for download– www.weather.gov/cae/skywarn.html
• Quick Reference Sheet another great tool.
Severe Weather Reporting Procedures
![Page 86: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
• Examples of Reporting Wind Damage:
– If possible, measured wind gusts of 50+ mph
– Can estimate strong winds using Beaufort Wind Scale
– Downed power lines, trees or limbs (include diameter of tree or
limbs)
– Any structural damage, including the type of structure
Severe Weather Reporting Procedures
![Page 87: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Severe Weather Reporting Procedures
Reportable Hail Sizes
¼” Pea
¾” Penny
0.88” Nickel
1” Quarter
1 ¾” Golf ball
2 ½” Tennis ball
2 ¾” Baseball
4” Grapefruit
July 23, 2010 Vivian, SD8” diameter1.9 lbs
![Page 88: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Severe Weather Reporting Procedures
![Page 89: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
• Report Severe Weather and/or Damage from any
location!
– Home, shopping, work, vacation, etc.
• Don’t chase the weather!
• Remember…Safety First!
• If in a car – pull over before sending report
• We will relay your report to proper NWS office if needed
Severe Weather Reporting Procedures
![Page 90: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
How to Report
Web:
http://weather.gov/cae
Phone (unlisted):
E-mail:
Facebook:
NWSColumbia
Twitter:
@NWSColumbia
NWS Chat:
caechat chatroom
![Page 91: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
And of course… Amateur Radio!
How to Report
![Page 92: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
How to Report
![Page 93: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Ideal CAE SKYWARN Ham Operations
NWS Chat (Internet – PREFERRED)
Net Control Station
Unlisted SKYWARN Phone (Secondary) WX4CAE (rarely activated)
![Page 94: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
ARS Station WX4CAE NWS Forecast Office Columbia, SC
WX4CAE
![Page 95: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
• SKYWARN Net Controllers should request an NWS Chat account.
– Best way to pass reports directly to the NWS Office if not there.
– https://nwschat.weather.gov/
– Our chat room is caechat
– I’m happy to help you set up an account
• IEMBot is a way for anyone to monitor any NWSChat forecast office chat room.
– All watches/warnings/advisories along with many other products and notifications.
– https://weather.im/iembot/
NWSChat… A MUST for NCS Stations
![Page 97: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Other Ways to Help - CoCoRaHS
• Community Collaborative
Rain, Hail & Snow Network
• National Network of
Volunteers
• All You Need is a Simple
Rain Gauge to Get Started
• Report Daily Observations
via Interactive Web Site
www.cocorahs.org
![Page 98: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
You Make the Call
It’s your turn.
Make the call!
![Page 99: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
What Would You Report?
![Page 100: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Example of Severe Weather Report
• My name is John Doe
• I am a trained spotter located 2 miles N of Aiken (provide
lat/lon, address or nearest intersection if possible)
• I see a Tornado 2 miles to my west, moving to the NE.
• We also had Golfball size hail at my location.
• It began at 6:35 pm and lasted for 5 minutes.
• You can call 803-555-1234 if you have any questions.
![Page 101: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Tornado, Downburst,
Rain Shaft…?
What Would You Report?
![Page 102: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Updraft! Look for Rotation. If NOT Rotating NOT a Tornado.
What Would You Report?
Tornado or Updraft?
![Page 103: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
SCUD…NO rotation! Looks like a gust front approaching.
What Would You Report?
Funnel Cloud?
![Page 104: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Rainshaft. You would notice NO rotation!
What Would You Report?
Tornado or Rain Shaft?
![Page 105: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Shelf Cloud. HORIZONTAL rotation!
Indicator of approaching high winds.
What Would You Report?
![Page 106: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
What Would You Report?
Scud Cloud! Can be common on very warm/humid days in the SE.
Cloud bases can also be very low. Look for rotation!
![Page 107: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Tornado! The funnel is embedded in very heavy precipitation, but is a
tornado. The observer noticed strong rotation and power flashes in the
circled area, and reported the tornado.
What Would You Report?
![Page 108: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Outline
• National Weather Service Overview
• Why are Storm Spotter Important
• Weather Hazards and Safety
• Severe Weather Reporting Procedure
• Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• Monitoring Severe Weather
![Page 109: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• Outlooks: Know Your Risk!
• Issued by the Storm Predictions Center (SPC)
• Outlooks go out 7-days, but provide more detail in the
first one to three days.
![Page 110: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Hazardous Weather Outlook
• Outlooks: Locally-produced risk evaluation
• Issued by the our office at CAE
• HWOs provide most detail in the 24 hrs.
• Spotter Activation Statement – your clue if we need you!
![Page 111: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• WATCH: Conditions favorable for severe weather. Be
prepared to take action!
• Issued by the Storm Predictions Center (SPC)
• Usually cover large areas for 4-6 hours
![Page 112: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Watch: there is an
enhanced risk of severe and life-threatening weather, usually
a major tornado outbreak or a long-lived extreme derecho
event.
• Very infrequent: generally about 3% of all watches issued
![Page 113: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• WARNING: Severe weather imminent or occurring. Seek
shelter now!
• Issued by the local NWS office
• Usually cover a portion of a county or counties and in
effect for 45-60 minutes
![Page 114: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
WARNING Terms to Know…
• Tornado Emergency: – used during significant tornado occurrences in highly populated areas
– generally means that significant, widespread damage is expected to
occur and a high likelihood of numerous fatalities is expected with a
large, strong to violent tornado
– intended to convey the urgency of the weather situation
![Page 115: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
WARNING Terms to Know…
• Radar Confirmed Tornado: – a tornado debris signature (TDS) or a debris ball on radar is caused by
debris lofting into the area, usually associated with a tornado
– with this signature on radar, NWS will use “Radar Confirmed Tornado”
in warning products to confirm that a tornado is occurring
“Debris Ball”5/24/2017 2:41 PM EDT, Saluda/Edgefield Counties
ReflectivityCorrelation
Coefficient (CC)Storm-Relative Velocity
![Page 116: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
Debris Ball5/24/2017 2:41 PM EDT
Reflectivity Storm-Relative Velocity Correlation Coefficient
![Page 117: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Outline
• National Weather Service Overview
• Why are Storm Spotter Important
• Weather Hazards and Safety
• Severe Weather Reporting Procedure
• Outlooks/Watches/Warnings
• Monitoring Severe Weather
![Page 118: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Weather Briefing on the Web
• Current Conditions• HWO – Spotter Activation• EDD Display
• Severe Thunderstorms• Severe Outlooks• Severe Watches• Lots more
https://www.weather.gov/cae/briefing.html -- “The Place” for Spotters and NCS Stations
![Page 119: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Staying Informed
• NOAA Weather Radio All-Hazards (NWR)
– Nationwide network of radio stations broadcasting weather information
directly from National Weather Service 24 hours a day.
– In conjunction with Federal, State, and local EM’s and other public
officials, NWR broadcasts warnings and information for all types of
hazards:• Natural (weather, earthquakes, etc.)
• Environmental (chemical releases or oil spills)
• Public Safety (Civil Emergency Messages, AMBER alerts, 911 telephone outages, etc.)
![Page 120: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
• Wireless Emergency Alerts:
• Sent by authorized government authorities (including NWS)
• Automatically sent to mobile device (no app or subscription
needed)
• Uses radio technology to broadcast the alert from cell towers to
mobile devices in the area of threat
Staying Informed
![Page 121: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
• Wireless Emergency Alerts:
Staying Informed
![Page 122: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Thank You for Attending!
weather.gov/cae/register• Register as a Spotter to enter our database
• Receive your spotter certificate
• May be contacted for severe weather reports, especially if severe weather was in your area and we didn’t hear from you.
![Page 123: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
https://www.weather.gov/cae/skywarn.html
• Q and A’s
• Net Scripts
• Request Spotter Classes
• Repeater Maps
• Quick References
• Training Page Coming!
![Page 124: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
• Weather Spotter’s Field Guide http://www.weather.gov/os/brochures/SGJune6-11.pdf
We’re out of stock, but feel free to download!
• “Storm Spotting and Amateur Radio”
M. Corey, V. Morris
http://www.arrl.org/shop/Storm-Spotting-and-Amateur-Radio/?page=1
• Online Spotter and other courses from COMEThttp://www.meted.ucar.edu
Includes ONLINE SKYWARN Spotter, Convective Basics,
Radar Interpretation and many more!
Other Great Resources
![Page 125: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
• Every first Saturday in December– Planning for this year’s event, Dec 1st, 2018 0000Z to 2400Z
– National special event recognizing our SKYWARN Spotters
– SRD 2017, Food, Classes, Fun… 50+ people, 160+ contacts @ WX4CAE
– https://www.weather.gov/crh/skywarnrecognition
– http://www.arrl.org/skywarn-recognition-day
– Club and hams welcome to bring portable stations to operate our Special Event Station
– We’d love help making it bigger and better…let us know if you’d like to get involved!
SKYWARN Recognition Day
![Page 126: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Questions?
Your Reports Make a Difference!
![Page 127: NOAA / National Weather Service Weather Spotter Training SKYWARN_2018... · 2020-07-28 · National Weather Service Overview • Mission: Protection of Life and Property and enhancement](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050407/5f84527adf3d70015348cbdb/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Radiosonde Sighting This Morning!