No.17006 Hardness Testing - · PDF fileISO 6507-1 Vickers Hardness Test -- Test Method ISO...
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Calculation Formulae Indentation Shape Notation Method 64 HRB W Ball material identifier (when a ball indenter is used). Steel ball indenter: S / Tungsten carbide indenter: W Hardness scale identifier (scale "B" in this case). Value of Rockwell hardness. Indentation Center-to-Center Distance Specimen-Edge to Indentation-Center Distance Thickness of Specimen or Plating Indentation center-to-center distance: 4d or more (has to be 2mm or more) Specimen-edge to indentation-center distance: 2.5d or more (has to be 1mm or more) Thickness Diamond indenter: 10h or more Ball indenter: 15h or more Rockwell scales A/C/D Rockwell scales B/E/F/G/H/K Rockwell Superficial scales N/T h = Permanent indentation depth (mm). h1 = Indentation depth produced by the preliminary test force. h2 = Indentation depth produced by the test force. h3 = Depth of indentation after unloading the test force. d = Indentation diameter. 002 . 0 100 h HR − = 002 . 0 130 h HR − = 001 . 0 100 h HR − = Hardness Conversion Table Rockwell Hardness Test Rockwell Hardness Test h h1 h3 h2 d 4d or more d 2.5d or more 10h or more (15h or more) h Calculation Formulae Indentation Shape Minimum Allowable Indentation Spacing Thickness of Specimen or Plating Indentation center-to-center distance: 3d or more Specimen-edge to indentation-center distance: 2.5d or more Thickness: 8h or more Brinell Hardness Test ) / 1 (1 2 2 2 D d D h − − = ) ( 2 0.102 2 2 d D D D F S F k HBW − − = = π h d 2 d1 Notation Method 600 HBW 1 / 30 / 20 Dwell time of the test force (20s). If not within the specified range (10s to 15s) Approximate kgf equivalent value of applied test force where (30 kgf = 294.2N). Diameter of the ball (mm). Referring to the material of the indenter. Steel indenter: S / Tungsten carbide indenter: W Hardness scale identifier (scale "B" in this case). Value of Brinell hardness. 3d or more d 2.5d or more 8h or more h Scale Indenter Test force (N) Application Diamond ** 147.1 294.2 441.3 147.1 294.2 441.3 147.1 294.2 441.3 147.1 294.2 441.3 147.1 294.2 441.3 15N 30N 45N 15T 30T 45T *15W *30W *45W *15X *30X *45X *15Y *30Y *45Y HR15N, HR30N, HR45N: Steels according to HRA, HRD and HRC for thin parts or thin hardened layers. HR15T, HR30T, HR45T: Soft steel and non-ferrous metals like HRF and HRB, in case of thin parts (e.g. deep-drawn sheet metal) HRA: Tungsten carbide and thin age-hardening steel or thinner surface layer than is HRC testable. Less stress and damage than with HRC. Tungsten carbide. HRB: Soft mild steel (sheet metal), non-ferrous metals. HRC: Tungsten carbide and age-hardening steel (tools, high-strength mild steel). HRD: Surface-hardened parts of average hardness. HRE: Cast iron, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, bearing metals. HRF: Cold rolled sheet metal, annealed bronze and copper. HRG: Phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, soft malleable cast iron. HRH: Aluminum, zinc, lead. HRK: Bearing metals and similar. Hardness Test Methods and Applications Calculation Formula k = Constant. F = Test force (N). S = Surface area of indentation. d = Arithmetic mean (mm) of the two diagonal length d1 and d2. θ = Angle between the opposite forces at the vertex of the pyramidal indenter (136°). h = Depth of indentation ( h = d/7). 2 2 2 2 F sin d F d S F HV = k = 0.1891 = 0.102 θ d1 d 2 h Indentation Shape Notation Method 640 HV 30 / 20 Duration time of the test force (20s). If not within the specified range (10s to 15s). Approximate kgf equivalent value of applied test force where (30 kgf = 294.2N). Hardness symbol. Value of Vickers hardness. Minimum Allowable Indentation Spacing Minimum Allowable Thickness of Specimen or Plating d d d 3d or more (6d or more) (3d or more) 3d or more (6d or more) 2.5d or more Indentation center-to-center distance Steel, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, copper and copper alloy: 3d or more Light alloys, lead, tin and alloys of the previously listed materials excluding titanium alloy: 6d or more When two neighboring indentations have different sizes, 'd' is taken to be that of the larger indentation. Specimen-edge to indentation-center distance Steel, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, copper and copper alloy: 2.5d or more. Light alloys, lead, tin and alloys of the previously listed materials excluding titanium alloy: 3d or more d 1.5d or more Thickness: 1.5d or more Vickers Hardness Test Relationship between Vickers Hardness and the Minimum Allowable Thickness of a Specimen 3000 30 1 150 100 2 1 15 0.3 750 60 5 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Brinell Rockwell Vickers Micro-Vickers Hardness Test Method Test force ( 10N) (Commonly known as "Nanoindentation" - specimen thickness: approx. 10μm or less) A relatively new method based on recording indenter force against penetration depth throughout the load-dwell-unload cycle, and calculating hardness and stiffness directly from this data. Distances and forces are very small and resolutions are in the nanometer and micronewton ranges. Instrumented Indentation Test (IIT) Integrity assessment of high-frequency quenching, flame quenching and welded parts. ■ Often-used range Macroscopic assessment from material to deeply-heat-treated objects Frequently used for various applications. Intensity assessment of metallic casting and foundry pieces. Standardized evaluation method of heat treatment including carburizing, decarburizing and nitriding. Frequently used for various applications including small parts and topical assessment. IIT 0.0005 0.05 Rockwell hardness Rockwell Superficial hardness Rockwell hardness Minimum thickness of specimen (mm) Minimum thickness of specimen (mm) Minimum thickness of specimen (mm) Rockwell Hardness Scales Relationship between Rockwell / RockwellSuperficial Hardness and the Minimum Thickness of a Specimen Rockwell Superficial Hardness Scales * Not part of ISO6508-1 ** Cone angle of the tip: 120°, Radius of curvature of the tip: 0.2mm Preliminary test force 98.07N Preliminary test force 29.42N Scale Indenter A D C F B G H E K *L *M *P *R *S *V Diamond ** Ball with a diameter of 1.5875mm Ball with a diameter of 6.35mm Ball with a diameter of 12.7mm Ball with a diameter of 3.175mm Ball with a diameter of 1.5875mm Ball with a diameter of 6.35mm Ball with a diameter of 12.7mm Ball with a diameter of 3.175mm Test force (N) Application 588.4 980.7 1471 588.4 980.7 1471 588.4 980.7 1471 588.4 980.7 1471 588.4 980.7 1471 ISO6508-1 JIS Z 2245 ISO6508-1 JIS Z 2245 ISO18265 (excerpted) ISO6507-1 JIS Z 2244 ISO6506-1 JIS Z 2243 ISO 6508-1 Rockwell Hardness Test -- Test Method ISO 6507-1 Vickers Hardness Test -- Test Method ISO 6506-1 Brinell Hardness Test --Test Method No.17006 500 1403 (1) c-(PA) KO Hardness Testing Special heat treatment, thin coating, surface- modification layer, elastic material, etc. (example: titanium system coating, DLC treatment, semiconductor-field material) k = Constant. F = Test force (N). S = Surface area of indentation. D = Diameter of the ball (mm). d = Arithmetic mean (mm) of the indentation diameters measured at 90° （d1, d2). h = Depth of indentation. HV=0.1891 t >1.5d h d/7 t: Thickness of specimen (mm) d: Diagonal length (mm) h: Depth of indentation (mm) [Example] Specimen thickness t: 0.15mm Specimen hardness: 185HV1 Test force F: 9.807N (1kgf) Diagonal length d: 0.1mm F d 2 d t h Vickers hardness HV 2000 1000 500 300 200 100 50 30 20 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 Minimum thickness of specimen t : mm Diagonal length of indentation d : mm 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 9.807×10 -3 19.61×10 -3 29.42×10 -3 49.03×10 -3 98.07×10 -3 0.1961 0.2942 0.4903 0.9807 1.961 2.942 4.903 9.807 19.61 29.42 49.03 98.07 196.1 294.2 490.3 Hardness symbol Test force F : N HV0.0005 4.903×10 -3 Table for unalloyed and low alloy steels and cast iron Tensile strength MPa Vickers hardness HV10 Brinell hardness HB Rockwell hardness HRB HRF HRC HRA HRD HR15N HR30N HR45N 575 180 171 87,1 107,2 610 190 181 89,5 108,7 640 200 190 91,5 110,1 675 210 199 93,5 111,3 705 220 209 95,0 112,4 740 230 219 96,7 113,4 770 240 228 98,1 114,3 20,3 60,7 40,3 69,6 41,7 19,9 800 250 238 99,5 115,1 22,2 61,6 41,7 70,6 43,4 22,2 835 260 247 (101) 24,0 62,4 43,1 71,6 45,0 24,3 865 270 257 (102) 25,6 63,1 44,3 72,6 46,4 26,2 900 280 266 (104) 27,1 63,8 45,3 73,4 47,8 27,9 930 290 276 (105) 28,5 64,5 46,5 74,2 49,0 29,5 965 300 285 29,8 65,2 47,5 74,9 50,2 31,1 995 310 295 31,0 65,8 48,4 75,6 51,3 32,5 1 030 320 304 32,2 66,4 49,4 76,2 52,3 33,9 1 060 330 314 33,3 67,0 50,2 76,8 53,6 35,2 1 095 340 323 34,4 67,6 51,1 77,4 54,4 36,5 1 125 350 333 35,5 68,1 51,9 78,0 55,4 37,8 1 155 360 342 36,6 68,7 52,8 78,6 56,4 39,1 1 190 370 352 37,7 69,2 53,6 79,2 57,4 40,4 1 220 380 361 38,8 69,8 54,4 79,8 58,4 41,7 1 255 390 371 39,8 70,3 55,3 80,3 59,3 42,9 1 290 400 380 40,8 70,8 56,0 80,8 60,2 44,1 1 320 410 390 41,8 71,4 56,8 81,4 61,1 45,3 1 350 420 399 42,7 71,8 57,5 81,8 61,9 46,4 1 385 430 409 43,6 72,3 58,2 82,3 62,7 47,4 1 420 440 418 44,5 72,8 58,8 82,8 63,5 48,4 1 455 450 428 45,3 73,3 59,4 83,2 64,3 49,4 1 485 460 437 46,1 73,6 60,1 83,6 64,9 50,4 1 520 470 447 46,9 74,1 60,7 83,9 65,7 51,3 1 555 480 456 47,7 74,5 61,3 84,3 66,4 52,2 1 595 490 466 48,4 74,9 61,6 84,7 67,1 53,1 1 630 500 475 49,1 75,3 62,2 85,0 67,7 53,9 1 665 510 485 49,8 75,7 62,9 85,4 68,3 54,7 1 700 520 494 50,5 76,1 63,5 85,7 69,0 55,6 1 740 530 504 51,1 76,4 63,9 86,0 69,5 56,2 1 775 540 513 51,7 76,7 64,4 86,3 70,0 57,0 1 810 550 523 52,3 77,0 64,8 86,6 70,5 57,8 1 845 560 532 53,0 77,4 65,4 86,9 71,2 58,6 1 880 570 542 53,6 77,8 65,8 87,2 71,7 59,3 1 920 580 551 54,1 78,0 66,2 87,5 72,1 59,9 1 955 590 561 54,7 78,4 66,7 87,8 72,7 60,5 1 995 600 570 55,2 78,6 67,0 88,0 73,2 61,2 2 030 610 580 55,7 78,9 67,5 88,2 73,7 61,7 2 070 620 589 56,3 79,2 67,9 88,5 74,2 62,4 2 105 630 599 56,8 79,5 68,3 88,8 74,6 63,0 2 145 640 608 57,3 79,8 68,7 89,0 75,1 63,5 2 180 650 618 57,8 80,0 69,0 89,2 75,5 64,1 660 58,3 80,3 69,4 89,5 75,9 64,7 670 58,8 80,6 69,8 89,7 76,4 65,3 680 59,2 80,8 70,1 89,8 76,8 65,7 690 59,7 81,1 70,5 90,1 77,2 66,2 700 60,1 81,3 70,8 90,3 77,6 66,7 720 61,0 81,8 71,5 90,7 78,4 67,7 740 61,8 82,2 72,1 91,0 79,1 68,6 760 62,5 82,6 72,6 91,2 79,7 69,4 780 63,3 83,0 73,3 91,5 80,4 70,2 800 64,0 83,4 73,8 91,8 81,1 71,0 820 64,7 83,8 74,3 92,1 81,7 71,8 840 65,3 84,1 74,8 92,3 82,2 72,2 860 65,9 84,4 75,3 92,5 82,7 73,1 880 66,4 84,7 75,7 92,7 83,1 73,6 900 67,0 85,0 76,1 92,9 83,6 74,2 920 67,5 85,3 76,5 93,0 84,0 74,8 940 68,0 85,6 76,9 93,2 84,4 75,4 • Brinell hardness values up to 450 HB were determined using a steel ball indenter, those above this value were determined with a hardmetal ball. Table for Cartridge brass (70 % Copper 30 % Zinc Alloy) HV 30 Rockwell Hardness Number HB HRB HRF HR15T HR30T HR45T HBS10/500 196 93,5 110,0 90,0 77,5 66,0 169 194 — 109,5 — — 65,5 167 192 93,0 — — 77,0 65,0 166 190 92,5 109,0 — 76,5 64,5 164 188 92,0 — 89,5 — 64,0 162 186 91,5 108,5 — 76,0 63,5 161 184 91,0 — — 75,5 63,0 159 182 90,5 108,0 89,0 — 62,5 157 180 90,0 107,5 — 74,5 62,0 156 178 89,0 — — — 61,5 154 176 88,5 107,0 — — 61,0 152 174 88,0 — 88,5 74,0 60,5 150 172 87,5 106,5 — 73,5 60,0 149 170 87,0 — — — 59,5 147 168 86,0 106,0 88,0 73,0 59,0 146 166 85,5 — — 72,5 58,5 144 164 85,0 105,5 — 72,0 58,0 142 162 84,0 105,0 87,5 — 57,5 141 160 83,5 — — 71,5 56,5 139 158 83,0 104,5 — 71,0 56,0 138 156 82,0 104,0 87,0 70,5 55,5 136 154 81,5 103,5 — 70,0 54,5 135 152 80,5 103,0 — — 54,0 133 150 80,0 — 86,5 69,5 53,5 131 148 79,0 102,5 — 69,0 53,0 129 146 78,0 102,0 — 68,5 52,5 128 144 77,5 101,5 86,0 68,0 51,5 126 142 77,0 101,0 — 67,5 51,0 124 140 76,0 100,5 85,5 67,0 50,0 122 138 75,0 100,0 — 66,5 49,0 121 136 74,5 99,5 85,0 66,0 48,0 120 134 73,5 99,0 — 65,5 47,5 118 132 73,0 98,5 84,5 65,0 46,5 116 130 72,0 98,0 84,0 64,5 45,5 114 128 71,0 97,5 — 63,5 45,0 113 126 70,0 97,0 83,5 63,0 44,0 112 124 69,0 96,5 — 62,5 43,0 110 122 68,0 96,0 83,0 62,0 42,0 108 120 67,0 95,5 — 61,0 41,0 106 118 66,0 95,0 82,5 60,5 40,0 105 116 65,0 94,5 82,0 60,0 39,0 103 114 64,0 94,0 81,5 59,5 38,0 101 112 63,0 93,0 81,0 58,5 37,0 99 110 62,0 92,6 80,5 58,0 35,5 97 108 61,0 92,0 — 57,0 34,5 95 106 59,5 91,2 80,0 56,0 33,0 94 104 58,0 90,5 79,5 55,0 32,0 92 102 57,0 89,8 79,0 54,5 30,5 90 100 56,0 89,0 78,5 53,5 29,5 88 98 54,0 88,0 78,0 52,5 28,0 86 96 53,0 87,2 77,5 51,5 26,5 85 94 51,0 86,3 77,0 50,5 24,5 83 92 49,5 85,4 76,5 49,0 23,0 82 90 47,5 84,4 75,5 48,0 21,0 80 88 46,0 83,5 75,0 47,0 19,0 79 86 44,0 82,3 74,5 45,5 17,0 77 84 42,0 81,2 73,5 44,0 14,5 76 82 40,0 80,0 73,0 43,0 12,5 74 80 37,5 78,6 72,0 41,0 10,0 72
Transcript of No.17006 Hardness Testing - · PDF fileISO 6507-1 Vickers Hardness Test -- Test Method ISO...
Calculation Formulae
Indentation Shape
Notation Method64 HRB W
Ball material identifier (when a ball indenter is used). Steel ball indenter: S / Tungsten carbide indenter: WHardness scale identifier (scale "B" in this case). Value of Rockwell hardness.
Indentation Center-to-Center DistanceSpecimen-Edge to Indentation-Center Distance
Thickness of Specimen or Plating
Indentation center-to-center distance: 4d or more (has to be 2mm or more)
Specimen-edge to indentation-center distance: 2.5d or more (has to be 1mm or more)
ThicknessDiamond indenter: 10h or moreBall indenter: 15h or more
Rockwell scalesA/C/DRockwell scalesB/E/F/G/H/KRockwell Superficial scalesN/T
h = Permanent indentation depth (mm).h1 = Indentation depth produced by the preliminary test force.h2 = Indentation depth produced by the test force.h3 = Depth of indentation after unloading the test force.d = Indentation diameter.
002.0100 hHR −=
002.0130 hHR −=
001.0100 hHR −=
Hardness Conversion Table
Rockwell Hardness Test
Rockwell Hardness Test
hh1h3h2
d
4d or more
d
2.5d or more
10h
or m
ore
(15h
or m
ore)
h
Calculation Formulae
Indentation Shape
Minimum Allowable Indentation Spacing
Thickness of Specimen or Plating
Indentation center-to-center distance: 3d or moreSpecimen-edge to indentation-center distance: 2.5d or more
Thickness: 8h or more
Brinell Hardness Test
)/1(12
22 DdDh −−=
)(20.102
22 dDDDF
SFkHBW
−−==
π
hd 2
d1
Notation Method600 HBW 1 / 30 / 20
Dwell time of the test force (20s).If not within the specified range (10s to 15s)
Approximate kgf equivalent value of appliedtest force where (30 kgf = 294.2N).Diameter of the ball (mm).Referring to the material of the indenter. Steel indenter: S / Tungsten carbide indenter: WHardness scale identifier (scale "B" in this case).Value of Brinell hardness.
3d or more
d
2.5d or more
8h o
r mor
e
h
Scale Indenter Test force (N) Application
Diamond**
147.1294.2441.3147.1294.2441.3147.1294.2441.3147.1294.2441.3147.1294.2441.3
15N30N45N15T30T45T
*15W*30W*45W*15X*30X*45X*15Y*30Y*45Y
HR15N, HR30N, HR45N: Steelsaccording to HRA, HRD and HRCfor thin parts or thin hardened layers.HR15T, HR30T, HR45T: Softsteel and non-ferrous metals likeHRF and HRB, in case of thin parts(e.g. deep-drawn sheet metal)
HRA: Tungsten carbide and thin age-hardening steel or thinner surface layer than is HRC testable. Less stress and damage than with HRC. Tungsten carbide. HRB: Soft mild steel (sheet metal), non-ferrous metals. HRC: Tungsten carbide and age-hardening steel (tools, high-strength mild steel). HRD: Surface-hardened parts of average hardness. HRE: Cast iron, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, bearing metals. HRF: Cold rolled sheet metal, annealed bronze and copper. HRG: Phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, soft malleable cast iron. HRH: Aluminum, zinc, lead. HRK: Bearing metals and similar.
Hardness Test Methods and Applications
Calculation Formula
k = Constant. F = Test force (N). S = Surface area of indentation.d = Arithmetic mean (mm) of the two diagonal length d1 and d2.θ= Angle between the opposite forces at the vertex of the pyramidal indenter (136°). h = Depth of indentation ( h = d/7).
222
2Fsin
dF
dSFHV= k = 0.1891= 0.102
θ
d1
d2h
Indentation Shape
Notation Method640 HV 30 / 20
Duration time of the test force (20s).If not within the specified range (10s to 15s).Approximate kgf equivalent value of appliedtest force where (30 kgf = 294.2N). Hardness symbol.Value of Vickers hardness.
Minimum Allowable Indentation Spacing
Minimum Allowable Thickness of Specimen or Plating
d
d
d
3d or more(6d or more) (3d or more)
3d or more(6d or more)
2.5d or more
Indentation center-to-center distanceSteel, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, copper and copper alloy: 3d or more Light alloys, lead, tin and alloys of the previously listed materials excluding titanium alloy: 6d or moreWhen two neighboring indentations have different sizes, 'd' is taken to be that of the larger indentation. Specimen-edge to indentation-center distanceSteel, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, copper and copper alloy: 2.5d or more. Light alloys, lead, tin and alloys of the previously listed materials excluding titanium alloy: 3d or more
d
1.5d
or
mor
e
Thickness: 1.5d or more
Vickers Hardness TestRelationship between Vickers Hardness and the Minimum Allowable Thickness of a Specimen
3000
30
1
150 100
21
15
0.3
750
60
5
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Brin
ell
Rock
wel
l
Vick
ers
Micr
o-Vi
cker
s
Hardness Test Method
Test
forc
e (
10N
)
(Commonly known as "Nanoindentation" - specimen thickness: approx. 10µm or less)A relatively new method based on recording indenter force against penetration depth throughout the load-dwell-unload cycle, and calculating hardness and stiffness directly from this data. Distances and forces are very small and resolutions are in the nanometer and micronewton ranges.
Instrumented Indentation Test (IIT)
Integrity assessment of high-frequency quenching, flame quenching and welded parts.
■ Often-used range
Macroscopic assessment from material to deeply-heat-treated objectsFrequently used for various applications.
Intensity assessment of metallic casting and foundry pieces.
Standardized evaluation method of heat treatment including carburizing, decarburizing and nitriding. Frequently used for various applications including small parts and topical assessment.
IIT
0.0005
0.05
Rockwell hardnessRockwell Superficial hardness
Rockwell hardness
Min
imum
thick
ness
of s
pecim
en (m
m)
Min
imum
thick
ness
of s
pecim
en (m
m)
Min
imum
thick
ness
of s
pecim
en (m
m)
Rockwell Hardness Scales
Relationship between Rockwell / RockwellSuperficial Hardness and the Minimum Thickness of a Specimen
Rockwell Superficial Hardness Scales
* Not part of ISO6508-1** Cone angle of the tip: 120°, Radius of curvature of the tip: 0.2mm
Preliminary test force 98.07N Preliminary test force 29.42N
Scale Indenter
ADCFBGHEK*L*M*P*R*S*V
Diamond**
Ball with adiameter of1.5875mm
Ball with adiameter of
6.35mm
Ball with adiameter of
12.7mm
Ball with adiameter of3.175mm
Ball with adiameter of1.5875mm
Ball with adiameter of
6.35mm
Ball with adiameter of
12.7mm
Ball with adiameter of3.175mm
Test force (N) Application588.4980.71471588.4980.71471588.4980.71471588.4980.71471588.4980.71471
ISO6508-1 JIS Z 2245
ISO6508-1 JIS Z 2245 ISO18265 (excerpted)
ISO6507-1 JIS Z 2244
ISO6506-1 JIS Z 2243
ISO 6508-1 Rockwell Hardness Test -- Test Method ISO 6507-1 Vickers Hardness Test -- Test MethodISO 6506-1 Brinell Hardness Test --Test Method
No.17006
500 1403 (1) c-(PA) KO
Hardness Testing
Special heat treatment, thin coating, surface-modification layer, elastic material, etc.(example: titanium system coating, DLC treatment, semiconductor-field material) k = Constant. F = Test force (N). S = Surface area of indentation.
D = Diameter of the ball (mm).d = Arithmetic mean (mm) of the indentation diameters measured at 90°（d1, d2).h = Depth of indentation.
HV=0.1891t >1.5dh d/7 t: Thickness of specimen (mm)d: Diagonal length (mm)h: Depth of indentation (mm)
[Example]Specimen thickness t: 0.15mmSpecimen hardness: 185HV1Test force F: 9.807N (1kgf)Diagonal length d: 0.1mm
Fd2
d
th
Vickers hardnessHV
20001000
500300200100
503020
0.0010.0020.0030.005
0.010.020.030.05
0.10.20.30.5
123
0.0010.0020.0030.0050.010.020.030.050.1
0.20.30.512
Minimum thicknessof specimen
t : mm
Diagonal lengthof indentation d : mm
0.0010.0020.0030.005
0.010.020.030.05
0.10.20.30.5
1235
10203050
9.807×10-3
19.61×10-3
29.42×10-3
49.03×10-3
98.07×10-3
0.19610.29420.49030.98071.9612.9424.9039.80719.6129.4249.0398.07196.1294.2490.3
Hardness symbol Test forceF : N
HV0.0005 4.903×10-3
Table for unalloyed and low alloy steels and cast ironTensile
strength MPa
Vickers hardness
HV10Brinell
hardness HBRockwell hardness
HRB HRF HRC HRA HRD HR15N HR30N HR45N575 180 171 87,1 107,2610 190 181 89,5 108,7640 200 190 91,5 110,1675 210 199 93,5 111,3705 220 209 95,0 112,4740 230 219 96,7 113,4770 240 228 98,1 114,3 20,3 60,7 40,3 69,6 41,7 19,9800 250 238 99,5 115,1 22,2 61,6 41,7 70,6 43,4 22,2835 260 247 (101) 24,0 62,4 43,1 71,6 45,0 24,3865 270 257 (102) 25,6 63,1 44,3 72,6 46,4 26,2900 280 266 (104) 27,1 63,8 45,3 73,4 47,8 27,9930 290 276 (105) 28,5 64,5 46,5 74,2 49,0 29,5965 300 285 29,8 65,2 47,5 74,9 50,2 31,1995 310 295 31,0 65,8 48,4 75,6 51,3 32,5
1 030 320 304 32,2 66,4 49,4 76,2 52,3 33,91 060 330 314 33,3 67,0 50,2 76,8 53,6 35,21 095 340 323 34,4 67,6 51,1 77,4 54,4 36,51 125 350 333 35,5 68,1 51,9 78,0 55,4 37,81 155 360 342 36,6 68,7 52,8 78,6 56,4 39,11 190 370 352 37,7 69,2 53,6 79,2 57,4 40,41 220 380 361 38,8 69,8 54,4 79,8 58,4 41,71 255 390 371 39,8 70,3 55,3 80,3 59,3 42,91 290 400 380 40,8 70,8 56,0 80,8 60,2 44,11 320 410 390 41,8 71,4 56,8 81,4 61,1 45,31 350 420 399 42,7 71,8 57,5 81,8 61,9 46,41 385 430 409 43,6 72,3 58,2 82,3 62,7 47,41 420 440 418 44,5 72,8 58,8 82,8 63,5 48,41 455 450 428 45,3 73,3 59,4 83,2 64,3 49,41 485 460 437 46,1 73,6 60,1 83,6 64,9 50,41 520 470 447 46,9 74,1 60,7 83,9 65,7 51,31 555 480 456 47,7 74,5 61,3 84,3 66,4 52,21 595 490 466 48,4 74,9 61,6 84,7 67,1 53,11 630 500 475 49,1 75,3 62,2 85,0 67,7 53,91 665 510 485 49,8 75,7 62,9 85,4 68,3 54,71 700 520 494 50,5 76,1 63,5 85,7 69,0 55,61 740 530 504 51,1 76,4 63,9 86,0 69,5 56,21 775 540 513 51,7 76,7 64,4 86,3 70,0 57,01 810 550 523 52,3 77,0 64,8 86,6 70,5 57,81 845 560 532 53,0 77,4 65,4 86,9 71,2 58,61 880 570 542 53,6 77,8 65,8 87,2 71,7 59,31 920 580 551 54,1 78,0 66,2 87,5 72,1 59,91 955 590 561 54,7 78,4 66,7 87,8 72,7 60,51 995 600 570 55,2 78,6 67,0 88,0 73,2 61,22 030 610 580 55,7 78,9 67,5 88,2 73,7 61,72 070 620 589 56,3 79,2 67,9 88,5 74,2 62,42 105 630 599 56,8 79,5 68,3 88,8 74,6 63,02 145 640 608 57,3 79,8 68,7 89,0 75,1 63,52 180 650 618 57,8 80,0 69,0 89,2 75,5 64,1
660 58,3 80,3 69,4 89,5 75,9 64,7670 58,8 80,6 69,8 89,7 76,4 65,3680 59,2 80,8 70,1 89,8 76,8 65,7690 59,7 81,1 70,5 90,1 77,2 66,2700 60,1 81,3 70,8 90,3 77,6 66,7720 61,0 81,8 71,5 90,7 78,4 67,7740 61,8 82,2 72,1 91,0 79,1 68,6760 62,5 82,6 72,6 91,2 79,7 69,4780 63,3 83,0 73,3 91,5 80,4 70,2800 64,0 83,4 73,8 91,8 81,1 71,0820 64,7 83,8 74,3 92,1 81,7 71,8840 65,3 84,1 74,8 92,3 82,2 72,2860 65,9 84,4 75,3 92,5 82,7 73,1880 66,4 84,7 75,7 92,7 83,1 73,6900 67,0 85,0 76,1 92,9 83,6 74,2920 67,5 85,3 76,5 93,0 84,0 74,8940 68,0 85,6 76,9 93,2 84,4 75,4
• Brinell hardness values up to 450 HB were determined using a steel ball indenter, those above this value were determined with a hardmetal ball.
Table for Cartridge brass (70 % Copper 30 % Zinc Alloy)
HV 30 Rockwell Hardness Number HBHRB HRF HR15T HR30T HR45T HBS10/500
196 93,5 110,0 90,0 77,5 66,0 169194 — 109,5 — — 65,5 167192 93,0 — — 77,0 65,0 166190 92,5 109,0 — 76,5 64,5 164188 92,0 — 89,5 — 64,0 162186 91,5 108,5 — 76,0 63,5 161184 91,0 — — 75,5 63,0 159182 90,5 108,0 89,0 — 62,5 157180 90,0 107,5 — 74,5 62,0 156178 89,0 — — — 61,5 154176 88,5 107,0 — — 61,0 152174 88,0 — 88,5 74,0 60,5 150172 87,5 106,5 — 73,5 60,0 149170 87,0 — — — 59,5 147168 86,0 106,0 88,0 73,0 59,0 146166 85,5 — — 72,5 58,5 144164 85,0 105,5 — 72,0 58,0 142162 84,0 105,0 87,5 — 57,5 141160 83,5 — — 71,5 56,5 139158 83,0 104,5 — 71,0 56,0 138156 82,0 104,0 87,0 70,5 55,5 136154 81,5 103,5 — 70,0 54,5 135152 80,5 103,0 — — 54,0 133150 80,0 — 86,5 69,5 53,5 131148 79,0 102,5 — 69,0 53,0 129146 78,0 102,0 — 68,5 52,5 128144 77,5 101,5 86,0 68,0 51,5 126142 77,0 101,0 — 67,5 51,0 124140 76,0 100,5 85,5 67,0 50,0 122138 75,0 100,0 — 66,5 49,0 121136 74,5 99,5 85,0 66,0 48,0 120134 73,5 99,0 — 65,5 47,5 118132 73,0 98,5 84,5 65,0 46,5 116130 72,0 98,0 84,0 64,5 45,5 114128 71,0 97,5 — 63,5 45,0 113126 70,0 97,0 83,5 63,0 44,0 112124 69,0 96,5 — 62,5 43,0 110122 68,0 96,0 83,0 62,0 42,0 108120 67,0 95,5 — 61,0 41,0 106118 66,0 95,0 82,5 60,5 40,0 105116 65,0 94,5 82,0 60,0 39,0 103114 64,0 94,0 81,5 59,5 38,0 101112 63,0 93,0 81,0 58,5 37,0 99110 62,0 92,6 80,5 58,0 35,5 97108 61,0 92,0 — 57,0 34,5 95106 59,5 91,2 80,0 56,0 33,0 94104 58,0 90,5 79,5 55,0 32,0 92102 57,0 89,8 79,0 54,5 30,5 90100 56,0 89,0 78,5 53,5 29,5 8898 54,0 88,0 78,0 52,5 28,0 8696 53,0 87,2 77,5 51,5 26,5 8594 51,0 86,3 77,0 50,5 24,5 8392 49,5 85,4 76,5 49,0 23,0 8290 47,5 84,4 75,5 48,0 21,0 8088 46,0 83,5 75,0 47,0 19,0 7986 44,0 82,3 74,5 45,5 17,0 7784 42,0 81,2 73,5 44,0 14,5 7682 40,0 80,0 73,0 43,0 12,5 7480 37,5 78,6 72,0 41,0 10,0 72
計算式
くぼみの形状
表記方法64 HRB W
球圧子の場合、材質を示す鋼球圧子：S 超硬圧子：W硬さ記号。ここでは"B"スケールロックウェル硬さの値
くぼみの中心間の距離
試料又は試験対象層の厚さ
くぼみの中心から試料の縁までの距離
中心間距離は4d以上、但し2mm以上試料の縁までの距離は2.5d以上、但し1mm以上
厚さは ダイヤモンド圧子：10h以上 球圧子：15h以上
ロックウェル A,C,Dスケール
ロックウェル B,E,F,G,H,Kスケール
ロックウェルスーパーフィシャル N,Tスケール
h = 永久くぼみ深さ（mm） h1 = 初試験力によるくぼみ深さ h2 = 全試験力によるくぼみ深さ h3 = 全試験力除荷後のくぼみ深さ d = くぼみ直径
002.0100 hHR −=
002.0130 hHR −=
001.0100 hHR −=
硬さ関係表
ロックウェル硬さ試験
ロックウェル硬さ試験
hh1h3h2
d
4d以上
d
2.5d以上
10h 以上
（15h 以
上）
h
計算式
くぼみの形状
くぼみの中心間の距離
試料又は試験対象層の厚さ
くぼみの中心から試料の縁までの距離
中心間距離は3d以上試料の縁までの距離は2.5d以上
厚さは8h以上
ブリネル硬さ試験
k = 定数 F = 試験力（N） S = くぼみの表面積 D= 圧子の直径（mm） d = くぼみの直径d1とd2の平均値（mm）h = くぼみの深さ
)/1(12
22 DdDh −−=
hd
2
d1
表記方法600 HBW 1 / 30 / 20
試験力の保持時間（20s）。ただし、規定の保持時間範囲（10~15s）と異なる場合に記載する。試験力を表す数字。ここでは、30kgf = 294.2N圧子の直径（mm）硬さ記号ブリネル硬さの値
3d以上
d
2.5d以上
8h 以上
h
スケール 圧子 試験力（N） 用途
ダイヤモンド※147.1294.2441.3147.1294.2441.3147.1294.2441.3147.1294.2441.3147.1294.2441.3
15N30N45N15T30T45T15W30W45W15X30X45X15Y30Y45Y
浸炭、窒化等の鋼の薄い表面硬化層
直径1.5875mm球
直径6.35mm球
直径12.7mm球
直径3.175mm球
軟鋼、黄銅、青銅等の薄板
プラスチック、亜鉛、軸受け合金
プラスチック、亜鉛、軸受け合金
プラスチック、亜鉛、軸受け合金
超硬合金、薄鋼板肌焼鋼鋼（100HRB以上～70HRC以下）
軸受けメタル、焼鈍銅黄銅硬アルミ合金、ベリリウム銅、リン青銅軸受けメタル、砥石軸受けメタル軸受けメタル
プラスチック、鉛
プラスチック
硬さの種類と用途
計算式
k = 定数 F = 試験力（N） S = くぼみの表面積d = くぼみの対角線長さ（mm） θ=136°（圧子の対面角） d1とd2の平均値h = くぼみの深さ（h = d/7）
222
2Fsin
dF
dSFHV= k = 0.1891= 0.102
θ
d1
d2
h
くぼみの形状
表記方法640 HV 30 / 20
試験力の保持時間（20s）。ただし、規定の保持時間範囲（10~15s）と異なる場合に記載する。試験力を表す数字。ここでは、30kgf = 294.2N硬さ記号ビッカース硬さの値
くぼみの中心間の距離
試料又は試験対象層の厚さ
くぼみの中心から試料の縁までの距離
d
d
d
3d以上（6d以上）
3d以上（6d以上）
2.5d以上
中心間距離は鋼、ニッケル合金、チタン合金、銅及び銅合金の場合は3d以上軽金属、鉛すず及びそれらの合金の場合（チタン合金を除く）6d以上
但し、となりあう二つのくぼみの大きさが異なる場合には、大きい方のくぼみのdとする。試料の縁までの距離は2.5d以上
1.5d 以上
d
厚さは1.5d以上
ビッカース硬さ試験
HV＝0.1891t＞1.5dh≒d 7
t ： 試料の厚さ mmd ： 対角線の長さ mmh ： くぼみの深さ mm
〔例〕 t : 試料厚さ ： 0.15mm 試料硬さ ： 185HV1 F : 試験力 ： 9.807N（1kgf） d: 対角線長さ ： 0.1mm
Fd2
d
t
h
ビッカース硬さHv
2000
1000
500300200
100
503020
0.001
0.0020.0030.005
0.010.020.030.05
0.1
0.20.30.5
123
0.001
0.0020.0030.005
0.01
0.020.030.050.1
0.20.30.5
1
2
試料の最小厚さt : mm
くぼみの対角線長さ d : mm
0.001
0.0020.0030.005
0.01
0.020.030.05
0.1
0.20.30.5
1235
10
203050
9.807×10－3
19.61×10－3
29.42×10－3
49.03×10－3
98.07×10－3
0.19610.29420.4903
0.9807
1.9612.9424.9039.807
19.6129.4249.03
98.07
196.1294.2490.3
硬さ記号 試験力F:N
HV0.0005 4.903×10－3
試料の硬さと最小厚みの関係図
3000
30
1
150 100
21
15
0.3
750
60
5
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
ブリネル
ロックウェル
ビッカース
マイクロビッカース
硬さ種類
試験力
(kgf
)
特殊熱処理、メッキ、コーティング、表面改質層、弾性材料etc．（例、Ti系コーティング、DLC処理、半導体分野材料）
（通称：ナノインデンテーション）計装化押込み試験（IIT）のマイクロ～ナノレンジ
（試料厚さ およそ10μm以下）押込み試験の侵入量、試験力等のプロセスデータより算出する硬さ試験。
高周波焼入れ、火炎焼入れ、溶接部強度評価
■良く利用される範囲
素材評価から深く熱処理されるような物等マクロ的な評価。多種多様な用途に数多く利用
主に鋳造、鍛造品の強度評価。
規格化された浸炭、脱炭、窒化等の熱処理評価法小形部品、局所評価など多種多様な用途に数多く利用
IIT
0.0005
0.05
ロックウェル硬さロックウェルスーパーフィシャル硬さ
ロックウェル硬さ
試料の最小厚さt
（mm）
試料の最小厚さt
（mm）
試料の最小厚さt
（mm）
HV HRA HRB HRC HRD 15N 30N 45N HS HV HRB HRF 30T 45T
●鉄鋼 ●黄銅
●この変換表は規格SAE J 417に基づいて編集しました。●ショア硬さはJIS B 7731によります。
ロックウェル硬さの種類
試料の硬さと最小厚みの関係図
ロックウェルスーパーフィシャル硬さの種類
弊社からお客様・お取 引先様に提供させていただく技術資料は、外為令別表 の1 ～15 項又は16項に掲げる技術に該当します。外為令別表 の1 ～ 15 項に該当する技術を日本国非居住者へ提供する際には、経済産業大臣の許可が必要です。また、外為令別表 の16 項に該当する技術を日本国非居住者へ提供する際は、同項に掲げる仕向け地域およびキャッチオール規制の要件によっては、経済産業大臣の許可が必要な場合があります。本資料を日本国非居住者へ提供する際は、以上の点にご留意をお願い致します。
※ 先端の円錐角120°、先端の曲率半径0.2mm
初試験力 98.07N 初試験力 29.42N
金属に関しては、様々な工業規格により異なる硬さ値間で換算がおこなえるテーブルが示されています。なお、正確な結果は、あくまでも各試験機によるものを基準として考えてください。
940920900880860840820800780760740720700690680670660650640630620610600590580570560550540530520510500490480470460450440430420410400390380370360350340330320310300295290285280275270265260255250245240230220210200190180170160150140130120110100
85.685.385.084.784.484.183.883.483.082.682.281.881.381.180.880.680.380.079.879.579.278.978.678.478.077.877.477.076.776.476.175.775.374.974.574.173.673.372.872.371.871.470.870.369.869.268.768.167.667.066.465.865.264.864.564.263.863.563.162.762.462.061.661.260.7
（110.0）
（109.0）
（108.0）
（107.0）
（105.5）
（104.5）
（103.5）
（102.0）
（101.0）
99.5
98.196.795.093.491.589.587.185.081.778.775.071.266.762.356.2
68.067.567.066.465.965.364.764.063.362.561.861.060.159.759.258.858.357.857.356.856.355.755.254.754.153.653.052.351.751.150.549.849.148.447.746.946.145.344.543.642.741.840.839.838.837.736.635.534.433.332.231.029.829.228.527.827.126.425.624.824.023.122.221.320.3（18.0）（15.7）（13.4）（11.0）（8.5）（6.0）（3.0）（0.0）
76.976.576.175.775.374.874.373.873.372.672.171.570.870.570.169.869.469.068.768.367.967.567.066.766.265.865.464.864.463.963.562.962.261.661.360.760.159.458.858.257.556.856.055.254.453.652.851.951.150.249.448.447.547.146.546.045.344.944.343.743.142.241.741.140.3
93.293.092.992.792.592.392.191.891.591.291.090.790.390.189.889.789.589.289.088.888.588.288.087.887.587.286.986.686.386.085.785.485.084.784.383.983.683.282.882.381.881.481.080.379.879.278.678.077.476.876.275.674.974.674.273.873.473.072.672.171.671.170.670.169.6
84.484.083.683.182.782.281.781.180.479.779.178.477.677.276.878.475.975.575.174.674.273.673.272.772.171.771.270.570.069.569.068.367.767.166.465.764.964.363.562.761.961.160.259.358.457.456.455.454.453.652.351.350.249.749.048.447.847.246.445.745.044.243.442.541.7
75.474.874.273.673.172.271.871.070.269.468.667.766.766.265.765.364.764.163.563.062.461.761.260.559.959.358.657.857.056.255.654.753.953.152.251.350.449.448.447.446.445.344.142.941.740.439.137.836.535.233.932.531.130.429.528.727.927.126.225.224.323.222.221.119.9
98.096.895.694.393.191.790.489.087.686.284.883.381.881.080.279.478.677.877.076.275.474.573.772.872.071.170.269.368.467.566.665.664.763.762.861.860.859.858.857.856.755.754.653.652.551.450.349.248.146.945.744.643.442.842.241.641.040.439.739.138.537.937.236.636.034.733.432.030.729.428.026.625.223.822.320.819.417.916.3
196194192190188186184182180178176174172170168166164162160158156154152150148146144142140138136134132130128126124122120118116114112110108106104102100
989694929088868482807876747270686664626058565452504948474645
93.5
93.092.592.091.591.090.590.089.088.588.087.587.086.085.585.084.083.583.082.081.580.580.079.078.077.577.076.075.074.573.573.072.071.070.069.068.067.066.065.064.063.062.061.059.058.057.056.054.053.051.049.547.546.044.042.040.037.535.032.530.027.524.521.518.515.512.510.0
110.0109.5
109.0
108.5
108.0107.5
107.0
106.5
106.0
105.5105.0
104.5104.0103.5103.0
102.5102.0101.5101.0100.5100.0
99.599.098.598.097.597.096.596.095.595.094.594.093.092.692.091.290.589.889.088.087.286.385.484.483.582.381.280.078.677.476.074.873.271.870.068.566.865.063.061.058.856.553.550.549.047.045.043.040.0
77.5
77.076.5
76.075.5
75.074.5
74.073.5
73.072.572.0
71.571.070.570.0
69.569.068.568.067.567.066.566.065.565.064.563.563.062.562.061.060.560.059.558.558.057.056.055.054.553.552.551.550.549.048.047.045.544.043.041.039.538.036.034.032.030.028.025.523.020.518.015.012.0
66.065.565.064.564.063.563.062.562.061.561.060.560.059.559.058.558.057.556.556.055.554.554.053.553.052.551.551.050.049.048.047.546.545.545.044.043.042.041.040.039.038.037.035.534.533.032.030.529.528.026.524.523.021.019.017.014.512.510.0
7.54.51.0
ビッカース ビッカースロックウェル ロックウェルショアロックウェルスーパーフィシャル
ロックウェルスーパーフィシャル
スケール 圧子ADCFBGHEKLMPRSV
ダイヤモンド※
直径1.5875mm球
直径6.35mm球
直径12.7mm球
直径3.175mm球
試験力（N） 用途588.4980.71471588.4980.71471588.4980.71471588.4980.71471588.4980.71471
ISO4506-01 JIS Z 2245
ISO4506-01 JIS Z 2245
ISO6507-1 JIS Z 2244
ISO6505-1 JIS Z 2243
JIS Z 2245 / ISO 4506-1 ロックウェル硬さ試験－試験方法 JIS Z 2244 / ISO 6507-1 ビッカース硬さ試験－試験方法JIS Z 2243 / ISO 6505-1 ブリネル硬さ試験－試験方法
No.17006
500 1403 (1) c-(PA) KO
測定機器 解説掛図
)(20.102
22 dDDDF
SFkHBW
−−==
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