No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in...
Transcript of No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in...
![Page 1: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
Simon Bull
![Page 2: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background
• Air Force trained engineer (RNZAF); • Manufacturing of aircraft components such as F-
18 control surfaces and launch tubes for the seasparrow surface-to-air missile system;
• Development of a personal Jetpack; • Qualified pilot with approvals on 5 aircraft types; • Currently involved in development of unmanned
rotorcraft;
![Page 3: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Aeronautical Engineer
• Degree in Aeronautical Engineer. Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering also possible paths;
• Aeronautical Engineers employed outside aircraft – Rail vehicles, automotive, wind turbines;
![Page 4: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Where are Aeronautical Engineers
• Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing repairs and improvements;
• Military support – work for manufacturers like Boeing and Bae Systems. Development of new aircraft systems, upgrading of older aircraft;
• Sport and recreational aircraft – design, testing, manufacturing and improvement of sport aircraft.
• Other industries – car manufacturers, yachts etc
![Page 5: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Australian Opportunities
• Limited opportunities in Australia, graduates in diverse roles or travel overseas;
• Defence projects traditionally large employers;
![Page 6: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Australian Company Example
• Developed in Melbourne Australia from 1995; • First unmanned aircraft to fly across the Atlantic
(3270km) totally autonomously; • Currently employ engineers to develop engines,
airframe, avionics and software.
www.aerosonde.com
![Page 7: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ethics and Morals
• Aeronautical Engineers potentially create weapons – do you want your skills to be used for war?
• Aeronautical Engineers make life critical decisions – is this aircraft safe for passengers?
• Money and Time pressures – always pressure to make a decision that helps your employer. Are you strong enough to say “No”? Are you experienced enough to say “Yes”?
![Page 8: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example – ANZAC Class Frigate Seasparrow Missile System
• Ship and launch systems designed and built in Australia (based on older designs);
• If its used in war, an attacking pilot will likely die;
• Is the engineer who designed it responsible for how it is used?
![Page 9: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Aircraft Industries
• Sport and Recreational Aircraft; • Military; • Airlines; • Unmanned Systems;
![Page 10: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sport Aircraft Example: Jabiru
• Developed in Bundaberg, Australia in the early 90’s;
• Over 2000 aircraft and 6000 engines produced (in perspective, there are only about 2500 sport aircraft in Australia);
http://jabiru.net.au/
![Page 11: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sport Aircraft Example : Airborne
• Designed and developed in Newcastle, Australia.
• Factory in Redhead (soon to move to Aeropelican at Belmont).
http://www.airborne.com.au/
![Page 12: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Military Example: Bae Systems
• Based at Williamtown, Newcastle.
• Design modifications to Hawk and F-18 airframe and computer systems for Australian unique requirements.
![Page 13: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
History
• One invention by aeronautical engineers changed the world – High Ratio Bypass Turbofan Engine.
![Page 14: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Importance
• Turbojet engines were developed during WW2; • The turbofan engine was developed after WW2; • Importance of the invention? Fuel efficiency; • Could produce large amounts of thrust with
significantly low fuel consumption; • Can fly further, carry more; • The main reason that air travel became
affordable. • Social effect of globalization.
![Page 15: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Flight Principles
Bernoulli’s Equation
![Page 16: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bernoulli Principle
• Not too bad a movie on YouTube:
https://youtu.be/Qz1g6kqvUG8 • See provided resources.
![Page 17: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Propulsion
• Piston Engines
Smaller aircraft Lower altitude Subsonic speed
![Page 18: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Propulsion
• Turboshaft/Turboprop Engine Jet engine turning a propeller More power per kg than piston Higher fuel consumption Better at higher altitude Higher altitude = lower drag
![Page 19: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Propulsion
• Turbofan
Close to speed of sound Fan replaces propeller Higher altitude
![Page 20: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Propulsion
• Ramjet/Scramjet vs Rocket
Rocket carries its oxygen with it, ramjet uses the oxygen from the atmosphere. See QUT: http://hypersonics.mechmining.uq.edu.au/
![Page 21: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Propulsion
• Electric Serious progress in R&D. Commercially available private aircraft already available.
http://www.electraflyer.com/ Electric motors 2x (or better) the power to weight ratio of piston engine. Batteries require development.
![Page 22: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Structure and Materials
• Three important properties: – Strength – Stiffness – Toughness
Match the material to the job.
![Page 23: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Structure and Materials
Undercarriage – Toughness (Forged 4340 Steel)
Wing structure – Stiffness (maintain shape) – (Composites, Aluminium)
Engines – Thermal Fatigue (Titanium, Nickel Alloys, Stainless Steels)
Materials are matched to the job required of them – Strength, Stiffness, Toughness, Thermal Resistance.
Radome – Toughness, Radar transparency (E-glass, Nomex)
![Page 24: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Materials - Metals
• Aluminium Alloys – 2024-T3, 7075-T6 • Steel – ANSI 4130, 4340 • Titanium • Monel (Nickel Alloys)
• Same strength in all directions. • Can trade of toughness with strength using heat
treatment – difficult to have both.
![Page 25: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Materials - Metals
• Machined
![Page 26: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Materials - Metals
• 3D Laser Sintering (future) • Monash University • https://youtu.be/nCcK-XSuaHs
![Page 27: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Materials - Composites
• Composite = combination of 2 materials • Fiber + Plastic • Fiber takes the load, only in the direction of the
fiber • Plastic ‘glues’ the layers of fiber together, sharing
the load
![Page 28: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Materials - Composites
• Carbon Fiber • Aramid Fiber (‘Kevlar’) • E-glass • Nomex/honeycomb • Foams
![Page 29: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Materials – Composites - Application
• Wing Spars – Composites advantage is to put the
strength of the fiber in the same direction as the load.
– Wing spars are beams. The most common load is bending, with all the load being taken by the top and bottom “Spar Cap”.
– Video – making gliders.
![Page 30: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Materials – Composites - Application
• Wing Spar
![Page 31: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Corrosion
• Generally a metal (eg Aluminium) in contact with an electrolyte (eg saltwater);
• Chemically same as a battery – its an electron process;
• Two dissimilar metals with an electrolyte;
![Page 32: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Corrosion - Protection
![Page 33: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Corrosion - Protection
• Use special paint to prevent electrolyte contacting metal.
![Page 34: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Design Communication
• Majority of industry using 3D CAD software;
![Page 35: No Slide Title - Engineers Australia...Where are Aeronautical Engineers • Military – serve in the RAAF to provide technical management of aircraft, testing of new products, developing](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071118/6010b6129d3f1e47c45ef6d3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)