No Frills on Java Intro 1.0

8/15/2019 No Frills on Java Intro 1.0

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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi c

t

Jcrst nctcgb

Bg`f Dg`frrfd


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi cc

Jcrst InctcgbC\HB5 3=03==96>9;3<Lgpyrcm`t©8;6< tg tì puhacs`cbm `gusi5 Sfoggtf` [uhacs`cbm, [rcbtcbm, fbn \gjtwfri @gusi]i wialgdi ygur jiinhflo fbn lgddibts ft jrcaasWEfvfW6Kyfoggtf`.lgd

Jgr t`gsi w`g hiacivi t`ft, tìri cs fawfys rggd jgr sgdit`cbm hittir.

\ìrcj \fnio

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi ccc


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi cv

©Sfoggtf`

\gurli Lgni Ixfdpai LfaluaftiDit`gn NilafrftcgbVuistcgb

Ixpafcb NiscmbBgti Fbfagmy

Bixt \tip

^rfcbcbm Xifn\tyaiHum Aggpcbm

Hcbmg^foi Lfri Dfcbtfcb \tfmis

^istcbm


5/219

Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi v

Cs t`cs hggo jgr di, ng C biin tg rifnWtìWhggo7

6. Cj tìsi fri ygur jcrst stips tg Efvf, tìb

rifnWtìWhggo 4 yis.

8. Cj ygu fri bgt aggocbm jgr f rijiribli, hut jgr f hggo t`ft wcaa ìap ygu ubnirstfbn tì

wgran gj Gheilt Grcibtin [rgmrfddcbm hiscni Efvf, tìb

rifnWtìWhggo 4 yis.


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi vc

^ì hggo cs juaa gj trfcbcbm dftircfas t`ft ygu dust try tg mfcb tì riqucrin socaas fbn

lgbjcnibli t`ft wcaa jflcactfti ygur stips jgrwfrn. ^ì fbswirs tg tìsi trfcbcbm

dftircfas fri fvfcafhai gbacbi ft `ttp5//yfoggtf`.lgd/lgursis, tì BgWJrcaas sircis,Efvf Cbtrgnultgry Aivia lgursi. Sgu eust biin tg idfca us ft

jrcaasWEfvfW6Kyfoggtf`.lgd wct` ygur niscri tg mit flliss tg tì sgautcgbs.

Hy tì ibn gj t`cs hggo, ygu wcaa hi jfdcacfr wct` tì prgmrfddcbm wgran, hi fhai tg

wrcti f Efvf lafss fbn cbstfbtcfti (lrifti) gheilts t`ft riprisibt tìsi lafssis fbn put

tìd cbtg fltcgb. Sgu wcaa hi fhai tg wrcti f prgjisscgbfa lgni fbn tg nifa wct` lgniwrcttib hy gtìrs.

^ì tgpcls fri tcin tgmitìr, fbn hucat gb ifl` gtìr, sg, cj t`cs cs ygur jcrst tcdi wct`

Efvf, ct cs rilgddibnin tg rifn tì l`fptirs cb tì sfdi siquibli tìy fri

prisibtin cb tì hggo.

]i wcaa hi viry `fppy tg mit ygur jiinhflo, lgddibts, fbn quistcgbs upgb fby pgcbt

dibtcgbin cb t`cs hggo ft gur idfca.

http://yakootah.com/courseshttp://yakootah.com/coursesmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://yakootah.com/courses


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi vcc

^gpcl [fmi

• aggpcbm stftidibts

• jgr………………………………...66=

• w`cai……………………………..66=

• ng w`cai………………………..66=

• gbi ncdibscgbfa frrfy………....660• hrfbl`cbm stftidibts

• hrifo…………………………….68=

• lgbtcbui……………………….68=

66:

0 îxt

• \trcbm lafss……………………..6<•@ifp Didgry…………….…6>>

•\tflo Didgry……………….6>>

•Lgni Xiusfhcacty…………...6>9

6>6

6; Nybfdcl \tgrfmi

•[rcdctcvi ]rfppirs…….6>0

•Ziltgr/FrrfyAcst………...6>3

6>:

66 [fsscbm Nftf

•@frnlgncbm…………….…….6:;

•[rgmrfd Frmudibts.…….6:6

•\lfbbir Lafss………………..6:8

690

68 Xivciwcbm Vuistcgbs 6::6< Lìft \ìit 60>

6> Efvf Magssfry 639

69 Fppibncx F--YGGA 8;=

^gpcl [fmi

6 Hcrn–s Zciw

• \gjtwfri niviagpdibt acji lylai (\NAL)……….…;:

• Fpprgflìs tg niviagp \NAL…………………………..;0

• Gheilt Grcibtin jifturis………………………….…….6>

• Efvf jifturis………………………………………….……….6:

• Xiqucridibts gj f mggn prgmrfd…………………...63

;6

8 Lafss/Gheilt 88

< Dfppcbm

• dfp lafss tg Efvf lgni…………………………………….0

• niprilftin dit`gns……………………………………...>3

• pfsscbm Efvf frmudibts…………………………………..>3

Efvf ^ggas 98

9 [rghaid sgavcbm ::

: \cdpai-Aivia Agmcl

• ̂ ypi lfstcbm…………………………………………………...==

• Aglfa vfrcfhais………………………………………….…….=0

• \cdpai gpirftcgbs…………………………………………..08

• Frct`ditcl gpirftgrs……………………………….……..0


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Jcrst Inctcgb

Ait us stfrt gur egurbiy.

@gpi ygu acoi ct!


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6

^gpcl 6 Hcrn–s Zciw

Hijgri ygu stfrt nifacbm wct` Efvf fbn hilgdi dgrijglusin gb lgncbm fbn jrustrftin wct` lgni irrgrs, ygu wcaabiin tg jay upwfrns fbn sii tì hcm pclturi. ^`cs wcaa hi gj ftridibngus ìap fs ct wcaa fsscst ygu tg ubnirstfbn `gwsgjtwfri prgeilts lgdi tg ixcstibli, `gw lgncbm jct cb tìhcm pclturi, fbn `gw usir riquists dcm`t ibn up wct` fprgjisscgbfa fppaclftcgb.


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^gpcl 6, Hcrn–s Zciw


Dfcb pgcbts lgvirin cb t`cs tgpcl

\gjtwfri niviagpdibt acji lylai (\NAL)

Fpprgfl`is tg niviagp \NAL

Gheilt Grcibtin jifturis

Efvf jifturis

Xiqucridibts gj f mggn prgmrfd


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi >

]`ft cs prgmrfddcbm7

[rgmrfddcbm cs wrctcbm cbstrultcgbs jgr f lgdputirczin systid tg jgaagw fbn tg ixiluti.

6

<

8

Cb t`cs ixfdpai,

lgddfbns fri

ixilutin siquibtcfaay


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi :

F sgjtwfri prgmrfd `fs f niviagpdibt acji lylai (\NAL)

L`fbmi/Xiquist

MftìrXiqucridibts

Fbfayscs/Niscmb

LgncbmZircjclftcgb

Dfcbtibfbli

Xitcri

L`fbmi/XiquistLacibt wfbts f egh tg hi ngbigr fb ib`fblidibt tg fbixcstcbm fppaclftcgb.

Mftìr XiqucridibtsLgaailt nftf fhgut tì lacibtriquist.

Fbfayscs/ NiscmbL`fbmi riqucridibts cbtg fjgrd ubnirstfbnfhai hyprgmrfddirs.

LgncbmHucan up tì sgjtwfri systid.

ZircjclftcgbAggo jgr irrgrs cb lgni fbn

mit rcn gj tìd.

DfcbtibfbliCbstfaa sgjtwfri gb lacibtdfl`cbis, jcx irrgrs ripgrtinhy lacibts, fbn fnn biw

jifturis riqucrin hy lacibt.

Xitcri

[rgmrfd cs gutnftin gr gj bgusi fby dgri.

6

8

<

>

9

:

=


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi =

F \NAL cs scdcafr tg f `gusi acji lylai

C wfbt f biw@gusi.

Diit tì lacibt tg mitnitfcas fhgut tì `gusi

ygu wfbt.

Hucan f dfquitti.

tì afhgr hucantì `gusi.

Dfoi suri

bgt`cbm cs wrgbmwct` tì `gusi.

]i mg tg lacibt iviry :dgbt`s tg dfoi suri

iviryt`cbm cs jcbi.

]i wcaa fnn f mfrfmi tgtì `gusi fs tì lacibt

biins gbi.

@gusi cs jfaacbm.

©Sfoggtf`

Fbfagmy


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Ng faa lgdpfbcis

cdpaidibt \NAL cbtì sfdi dfbbir7

F lgdpfby lfbusi ]ftirjfaa

fpprgfl`

F lgdpfby lfbusi Fmcai fpprgfl`

^ìri fri gtìrfpprgflìs fs

wiaa

^ì lgdpfby wcaa bgt stfrt f stfmiubtca tì privcgus stfmi cs lgdpaitin.

Ixfdpai. ^ì lgdpfby wcaa bgt stfrtcdpaidibtftcgb (lgncbm) ubtca tìniscmb stfmi gj tì w`gai riqucrinsystid cs jcbcsìn.

[rghaid5 cj tì lgdpfby rilicvin

riquists jgr l`fbmis jrgd tì lacibt grncslgvirin ncslripfbly hitwiib w`ftwfs cdpaidibtin fbn tì lacibt'sriqucridibts, ct wcaa hi jgrlin tgripift stfmis fbn/gr ripift faa ctsjcbcsìn stfmis.

Fmcacty cs fb udhriaaf tird jgr f vfrcity

gj hist prfltclis cb sgjtwfri

niviagpdibt. ^ìsi dit`gns `fvi

prgvib tg hi dgri ijjiltcvi cb nifacbm

wct` l`fbmcbm riqucridibts nurcbm tì

niviagpdibt lylai, w`cl` fawfys siid

tg gllur. ^ì fmcai dit`gns idp`fsczi

tifdwgro, lustgdir cbvgavidibt fbn

tì jriquibt lriftcgb gj sdfaa, wgrocbmpcilis gj tì tgtfa systid. ( Fllgrncbm tg

jrii ncltcgbfry )

Fmcai5 difbs

t`ft sgdit`cbmcs jaixchai, jfst.

Cdpaidibtcbm \NAL


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Fdgbm tì hfscl prfltclis gj P[

[fcr prgmrfddcbmg 8 prgmrfddirs wgrocbm tgmitìr.

\dfaa riaifsisg Jifturis fri ncstrchutin flrgss riaifsis.g Bg biin tg wfct ubtca faa systid cbjg cs tìri.

Lgbtcbugus tistcbmg îst ygur lgni fbn ygur lgni l`fbmis.

Gb-scti Lustgdirg Lustgdir cs lagsi tg tì niviagpdibt tifd.

Lgncbm stfbnfrns.g Jgaagw ruais gj mggn lgncbm.

@gw fmcai fpprgfl` csprfltclfaay put cb pafli(ixilutin)7

^`cs cs f hcm tgpcl. Ivirylgdpfby lfb jgaagw fspilcjcl rguti tg cdpaidibttì fmcai fpprgfl`. Jrgd tìwiaa-obgwb rgutis friIxtridi [rgmrfddcbm fbn

XY[ (Xftcgbfa Ybcjcin[rgliss).

Sgu lfb ixpilt tg

lgni sg qucloay

hijgri mftìrcbm faa

tì cbjgrdftcgb

fhgut tì systid cb

`fbn. Gj lgursi,

lgncbm ngisb–t stfrt

fs ifray fs s`gwb cb

tì lfrclfturi.


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6;

XY[ p`fsis

6. Cbliptcgb5 fpprgxcdfti vcscgb, slgpi, vfmui istcdftis.

8. Iafhgrftcgb5 rijcbin vcscgb, ctirftcvi cdpaidibtftcgb gj t`i lgri

frl`ctilturi, fbn risgautcgb gj t`i `cm` rcsos.. ^rfbsctcgb5 tists fbn cbstfaaftcgb. ( Fllgrncbm tg fppaycbm YDA fbn pfttirbs, 8i).

XY[`ttp5//sli.u`la.inu/ ìad/rupWsl`ggaWixfdpai/wlsgjtwfriprglisswih/nivlfsi/gvirvciw/nlWacji.`td

XY[

http://sce.uhcl.edu/helm/rup_school_example/wcsoftwareprocessweb/devcase/overview/dc_life.htmhttp://sce.uhcl.edu/helm/rup_school_example/wcsoftwareprocessweb/devcase/overview/dc_life.htm


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©Sfoggtf`

^ì XY[, Ixtridi [rgmrfddcbm, ]ftirjfaa dgnia, gr gtìr \NAL ìap ygu tg dfbfmi

ygur prgeilt sul` fs wìtìr tg ng tì fbfayscs stfmi jgr tì w`gai prgeilt ft gbli, fbn

tìb ng tì niscmb stfmi gr tg ng f pfrtcfa fbfayscs gj tì w`gai systid. \tcaa, ygu `fvitg cnibtcjy `gw ygu wcaa trfbsjgrd tì usir riqucridibts tg sgjtwfri ft tì ibn.

Sgu biin tg jcbn gut `gw ygu fri mgcbm tg fbfayzi tì mftìrin nftf, tg hucan f niscmb

gut gj t`ft fbfayscs, fbn tg nitirdcbi tì afbmufmi ygu fri mgcbm tg usi tg cdpaidibt

t`ft niscmb. ^ì suddfry gj t`cs lgblirb lfb hi tirdin fs w`cl` prgmrfddcbm

fpprgfl` ygu wcaa usi tg fbfayzi, niscmb, fbn hucan up ygur systid.

^ì \NAL ygu wcaa usi tg dfbfmi ygur prgeilt wcaa fjjilt ygur prgmrfddcbm fpprgfl`.

Jgr ixfdpai, ct cs pgpuafr tg usi XY[ jgr hucancbm Gheilt Grcibtin (GG) systids. Ct dfy

ivib fjjilt tì prgmrfddcbm afbmufmi? cb tì cblcpcibt p`fsi gj XY[, ygu `fvi tg

cnibtcjy tì rcso jfltgrs t`ft t`riftib ygur prgeilt, sg, jgr ixfdpai, cj ygu fri cb nguht

w`cl` GG afbmufmi tg usi, rcso fssissdibt dfy aifn ygu tg fvgcn t`gsi afbmufmis

t`ft ygur lgdpfby aflos tì sujjclcibt ixpircibli tg nifa wct`.


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^ìri fri dfby prgmrfddcbm fpprgflìs, w`cl` gbi wcaa wi usi7

Jcrst, w`ft cs f prgmrfd7

F prgmrfd cs lgdpgsin gj cbstrultcgbs jgr tì lgdputirczin systid tg

jgaagw fbn tg ixiluti. Ct cs f lgaailtcgb gj nftf fbn gpirftcgbs t`ft lfb ng

prglisscbm gb t`cs nftf tg `fvi egh ngbi.

^ìri fri sivirfa fpprgflìs f lgdpfby

fbn cts prgmrfddirs lfb usi tg prisibt f

prgmrfd. Gbi gj tì pgpuafr fpprgflìs

cb tì difbtcdi cs tì gheiltin grcibtin

fpprgfl`. ^`cs wcaa hi tì fpprgfl` wi

wcaa fngpt cb gur hggo.

Gheilt Grcibtin

[rgmrfddcbm

F prgmrfddcbm

w`cl` cs grcibtin

frgubn gheilts.

Fb Gheilt lfb hi

t`gum`t gj fs f

lgaailtcgb gj nftf

fbn gpirftcgbs.

Fbfagmy

Nftf cbmrincibts

Dit`gns mifrs.

Eucli fbn lrifd eghs ngbi.


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6>

Gheilt Grcibtin [rgmrfddcbm Jifturis _Hrcij ZciwT

G h e i l t G r c i b t i n [ r g m r f d d c b m

G G [

Lgni riusfhcacty. Sgu lfb ifscay riusi tì lgni ygu wrgti

hijgri, fnn tg ct, gr l`fbmi ct.

Iblfpsuaftcgb, ct ìaps prgtiltcbm/`cncbm nftf? lgbtrgas w`ft cshicbm rifn fbn/gr wrcttib tg nftf, fbn puts nftf fbn gpirftcgbs cb

tì sfdi jcai. Nftf cbtimrcty (lgbscstibli/fllurfly) cs fl`civin.

[gaydgrp`csd, ^ì fhcac ty tg suhstctuti gbi gheilt jgr fbgtìr.

Ziry mggn riprisibtftcvi gj tì prghaid cb `fbn. ^ìlgdpgbibts gj tì prgmrfd ygu wrcti cs viry scdcafr tg tìprghaid ygu fri sgavcbm.

Jgr ixfdpai5 Sgu wrcti f prgmrfd jgr f achrfry, gheilts yguwcaa lrifti cb tì lgni fri jgr ibtctcis sul` fs hggos,achrfrcfbs, fbn fut`grs.

Cbìrctfbli, fb gheilt lfb cbìrct jrgd gtìr gheilt.

Faa tì jifturis acstin fhgvi jflcactfti tì dfcbtfcbfhcact gj tì lgni.


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]`ft afbmufmis suppgrt GG[7

Efvf L++ L# [yt`gb Xuhy Mrggvy …

L#

[rgmrfddcbm Afbmufmi [gpuafrcty

fllgrncbm tg

www.afbmpgp.lgd

Fprca 8;66

http://www.langpop.com/http://www.langpop.com/


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6:

]`ft afbmufmi ng wi usi cb t`cs hggo7

Efvf

Fnvfbtfmi

Gpib\gurli

@cm` AiviaAfbmufmi

Aifrbcbm

Mibirfacty

[gpuafrcty

Lgst

Lgblurribly

[grtfhai

Gpib sgurliCbtirbfa gj Efvf achrfrcis frifllisschai jgr dgncjclftcgb.

@cm` aivia afbmufmiLfb hi ifscay ubnirstggn hyùdfb hicbms.

Aifrbcbm]ìb lgdpfrin wct` f afbmufmi

acoi L++, efvf biins aiss tcdi tg

aifrb fbn tg niviagp fppaclftcgbs.

MibirfactyYsin cb vfrcgus jcians sul` fsinulftcgbfa tggas, fbn mfdis.

LgstBg l`frmi jgr afbmufmi, achrfrcis,gr tggas. ^ìy rilibtay himfb tgl`frmi jii jgr sgdi afbmufmijifturis.

[gpuafrcty]cniay usin, ispilcfaay, cb Bgrt`

Fdirclf.

Lgblurribly

\uppgrtin. [frts gj tì prgmrfdsfppifr tg wgro scduatfbigusay.

[grtfhcacty]rcti gbli, rub ivirywìri.

Efdis cbvibtin tì

Efvf prgmrfddcbm

afbmufmi cb 633>. @i

lriftin tì grcmcbfa

niscmb gj Efvf.


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6=

Efvf

Niviagpin

hy \ub lgrpgrftcgb

cs lafsscjcin

tg


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]`ft fri t`irimuafr nfcay tfsosgj f prgmrfddir

jglusin upgb7

ubnirstfbncbmniscmb gutput

lgncbmZircjylgni

jcxixcstcbm

lgni

Bfturi gj t`i [rgmrfddir Egh


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Ijjclcibt[rgmrfd ngisb'triqucri f agt gjrisgurlis sul` fs

didgry, spfli,fbn L[Y tcdi.

DfcbtfcbfhaiIrrgrs lfb hi jcxin,fbn biw jifturislfb hi ifscayfnnin.

Ysfhai[rgmrfd cs ifsy tgusi hy lacibt

[grtfhai]rcti gbli, rub

ivirywìri. Jgr

ixfdpai, wrcti tì

lgni gb dfl, rub ct

gb fby gtìrgpirftcbm systid

wct` bg l`fbmi cb

lgni gr biin tg

rilgdpcaftcgb.

Xghust@gw ct `fbnais

ubixpiltin lfsissul` fs f usir ibtirsfb ubixpiltin cbputfbn w`ft `fppibswìb bit cs ngwb7^`cs cs f spilcfalgstay riqucridibtt`ft dfy higviraggoin cb dfbyprgmrfds.

Xiacfhai^ì prgmrfd rubs fs

ixpiltin. Xubbcbm

tì prgmrfd dfby

tcdis wcaa ycian tì

sfdi fbtclcpftin

risuat. F wiaa-

niviagpin t`grgum`

tistin prgmrfd aifns

tg f riacfhai prgmrfd.

Ifsy

Mibirfa Xiqucridibts jgr f Mrift Lgni.


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Jcaa cb tì spflis hiagw wct` tì dgst suctfhai wgrn jrgd tì wgrns fhgvi.

Efvf cs f WWWWWWWW aivia afbmufmi fbn bgt f WWWWWWWWW afbmufmi. Efvf wfs

niviagpin hy WWWWWWWWWW fbn f budhir gj ibmcbiirs wgrocbm ft WWWWWWWWWW

Lgrpgrftcgb. Efvf cs f WWWWWWWWWWWWWW afbmufmi t`ft lfb hi niviagpin gbli fbn

tìb rub gb vfrcgus paftjgrds. Efvf riaifsin WWWWW inctcgbs, jrgd tìsi inctcgbs? C agvi

tì WWWWWWWWW inctcgb w`cl` cs niscmbin jgr tì `fbn ìan nivclis.

Efvf “ L++ “ Agw “ @cm` “ Efvfl “ Grflai “ \tivi Eghs “ EZD “ \ub “ @frnLgni “ Dfl`cbi

“ \tfbnfrn “ Dclrg “ Dflrg “ Ibtirprcsi “ Mgsacbm “ Mftis “ [grtfhai “ Xiacfhai “ Lafss

“ ]cbngws “ Ybcx “ “ 8 “ : “ Lgdpcair “ [rgtilt “ Hyti “ \gurli lgni.

^ì WWWWWWWWWW inctcgb gj Efvf cs niscmbin jgr wih fppaclftcgbs.

f) ibtirprcsih) dclrg

l) stfbnfrn

n) esno :

6

8


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^gpcl 8 Lafss/Gheilt


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^gpcl 8, Lafss/Gheilt



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Gheilts

\cbli Efvf cs fb GG[ afbmufmi, wi biin tg ninclfti sgdi pfmis fbn tfao

fhgut Gheilts.

Iviryt`cbmfrgubn ygus`guan hi

triftin fs fbgheilt.

Gheilt

Ct cs fb cbstfbli (lfsi) gj f

lafss (typi).

F lafss cs lgdpgsin gj

twg pfrts, nftf didhirs

fbn gpirftcgb didhirs.

Nftf didhirs flt fs

nipgscts jgr stgrcbm

cbjgrdftcgb gj gheiltshiagbmcbm tg t`ft lafss.

Ifl` gheilt wcaa `fvi

sfdi nftf didhirs, hut,

ifl` gheilt–s nftf

didhirs wcaa `gan tìcr

ubcqui cbjgrdftcgb t`ft cs

ncjjiribt jrgd gtìr

gheilts– cbjgrdftcgb.

Gpirftcgbs (dit`gns) fritì eghs t`ft tì gheilt

hiagbmcbm tg f lirtfcb

lafss lfb pirjgrd.

Lfsi gj f sgancir

Nftf sul` fs ìcm`t

Gpirftcgb sul` fs s`ggt

Lfsi gj f ngm

Nftf sul` fs tfcaLgagr

Gpirftcgb sul` fs pafy

Lfsi gj f pafbi

Nftf sul` fs wicm`t

Gpirftcgb sul` fs jagft

Lfsi gj f jrcnmi

Nftf sul` fs lfpflcty

Gpirftcgb sul` fs lgga


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\tivi Eghs, Fppai LIG, cs fb

gheilt (cbstfbli) gj lafss

pirsgb. Sgu fri f lfsi tgg.

Gheilts (Lgbtcbui)

F pirsgb cs lgbscnirin f lafss

(typi). Faa gj us hiagbm tg t`ft typi.

F ngm cs lgbscnirin f lafss (typi).

Faa ngms hiagbm tg t`ft typi.

.

[autg, ]fat Ncsbiy's jfdgus

l`frfltir, cs fb gheilt

(cbstfbli) gj typi ngm.


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Ng ygu wfbt tg sfy t`ft fb gheilt sul` fs f hggo lfb ng f egh7

Sis!!! ^`cbo gj ct fs f lfrtggb l`frfltir w`g lfb ng wgro fs f pirsgb gr

fb fbcdfa lfb ng.

Eghs acoi w`ft7

^ì ifscist eghs t`ft fb gheilt lfb ng fri tg tiaa ygu fhgut cts nftf didhirs

(prgpirtcis/vfauis) fbn tg l`fbmi tìcr vfaui.

Nftf Didhirs flt fs nipgscts

(hgxis) tg stgri cbjgrdftcgb jgr

gheilts gj typi pirsgb.

bfdi5 tg stgri bfdi gj pirsgb.iyiLgagr 5 tg stgri lgagr gj iyi .fmi5 tg stgri fmi.socbLgagr 5 tg stgri lgagr.

Dit`gn Didhirs flt fs eghs.Dgst gj tìsi eghs wcaa hirispgbschai jgr rifncbm fbn/grdgncjycbm nftf stgrin cb nftfdidhirs.

mitBfdi()5 rifn bfdi.sitBfdi()5 dgncjy bfdi.ift()5 ift.nrcbo()5nrcbo.

[irsgb

bfdiiyiLgagrfmisocblgagr

mitBfdi()sitBfdi()ift()nrcbo()

^ypi/Lafss

Nftf didhirs

([rgpirtcis)

Dit`gn didhirs

(Gpirftcgbs)

Ct cs usufaay tì egh gj niscmbirsgr sibcgrprgmrfddirs tglgdi up wct` f

lafss niscmbsgdi`gw lagsitg tì gbi s`gwbìri.


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Hggo

bfdisczitypifut`gr

mitBfdi()sitFut`gr()bixt[fmi()ibn[fmi()

^ypi/Lafss

Nftf didhirs

([rgpirtcis)

Dit`gn didhirs

(Gpirftcgbs)

Nftf Didhirs flt fs nipgscts

(hgxis) tg stgri cbjgrdftcgb jgr

gheilts gj typi Hggo.

bfdi5 tg stgri bfdi gj hggo sczi5 tg stgri sczi gj hggo

typi5 tg stgri hggo typi fut`gr5 tg stgri bfdi gj Fut`gr

Dit`gn Didhirs flt fs eghs. Dgstgj tìsi eghs wcaa hi rispgbschai jgrrifncbm fbn/gr dgncjycbm nftfstgrin cb nftf didhirs.

mitBfdi()5 rifn bfdisitFut`gr()5 dgncjy Fut`gr bfdi bixt[fmi()5 mg tg bixt pfmi ibn[fmi()5 mg tg afst pfmi

\g, w`ft cs f prgmrfd7 Cs ct f lafss gr fb gheilt gr w`ft7

@gw tg ixpriss tì fhgvi cb Efvf lgni7

F prgmrfd wcaa hi wrcttib cb efvf fbn ct wcaa lgbtfcb gbi gr dgri gheilts/lafssis wgrocbm tgmitìr

tg ng tì riqucrin egh. Fb gpirftcgb gj gbi gheilt/lafss lfb ng tì w`gai egh gr ct lfb riqucri

tì ìap gj gbi gr dgri gpirftcgbs jgubn cb tì sfdi/ncjjiribt gheilt/lafss. Bixt tgpcl, wi wcaa

s`gw ygu `gw tg dfp tì fhgvi cbtg efvf lgni.


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Fut`gr

Jagppy ncso

Hggo

Achrfrcfb

LN

Achrfry

\ìaj

Ixfdpai gj achrfry systid

^ì caaustrftcgb s`gwb hiscni

nidgbstrftis f scdpai cdfmcbfry

achrfry systid wìri tì achrfry

`gans cbjg fhgut lgdpgbibtssul` fs jagppy ncsos, LNs,

fut`grs, hggos, hggo sìavis,

fbn achrfrcfbs.

Ifl` lgdpgbibt cs ixprissin

wct` ùdfb jifturis tg

idp`fsczi tì cnif t`ft ifl`

`fs tì fhcacty tg cbtirflt wct`

gtìr lgdpgbibts fbn tg s`fri

cbjgrdftcgb fhgut ctsiaj fs

caaustrftin hy tì frrgws.

Jgr ixfdpai, cj gbi gj tì

jifturis gj tì achrfry systid cs

tg acst tì hggos wrcttib hy f

lirtfcb fut`gr, wi ixpilt t`ft

ifl` fut`gr lgdpgbibt cs eust

acboin tg gtìr lgdpgbibts sul`

fs hggos fbn t`ft tì fut`gr

wguan riquist tì hggos

fttflìn tg ct tg acst cbjg fhgut

tìdsiavis. .


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Lgni \tfti wìtìr tìstftidibt cs lgrrilt,jfasi, `fs f styai cssui7

Xiwrcti tì stftidibt cjriqucrin.

puhacl lafss f`din {

hgaifb dfrrcin?

strcbm fmi?

Nguhai wicm`t?

nguhai ìcm`t?

\trcbm bfdi?

\trcbm iyi Lgagr?

\trcbm #bfdi?

cbt bfdi?

l`fr cbt?

jagft \fafry?}


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi lafssis5

6. Jcs`8. Hgx

. \if]ftir

^`cs cs f s`faagw fbfayscs gj tì pclturi? nipibncbm

gb tì prgeilt riqucridibts fbn nitfcas riqucrin,

ygu dfy fbfayzi t`cs pclturi niipay fbn lgdi up

wct` dgri lafssis sul` fs Jcs`^fca fbn \bfcaHflo.

Cj wi aggo ft tì jcmuri hiscni, wi lfb jcmuri gut

t`ft tìri fri : lafssis5

6. Hifr

8. LìstNrfwir

. Bcm`t^fhai

9. ̂ fhaiAfdp

:. Xggd

\cdcafray, nipibncbm gb systid riqucridibts wi

dfy fnn dgri lafssis sul` fs licacbm, fbn pcaagws.


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi nftf fbn > dit`gn didhirs jgr ifl` gj t`i iaidibts hiagw7

Nftfdidhirs

Dit`gndidhirs

Nftfdidhirs

Dit`gndidhirs

Nftfdidhirs

Dit`gndidhirs


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi


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^gpcl


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^gpcl


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^gpcl


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^gpcl

nguhai 0l`fr 8

bfdi, lrinct, typi, tifl`ir , mrfni fbn riqucrin fri lgbscnirin bfdi gj vfrcfhais, c.i.

cnibtcjcirs.

]`y ncn ygu l`ggsi \trcbm tg stgri bfdi7

Hilfusi C wfbt tg stgri tixt.

Efvf nijcbis \trcbm fs f typi ygu s`guan usi tg stgri t`cs typi gj nftf.

Ngis efvf nijcbi f ncjjiribt stgrfmi jgr ifl` typi gj nftf7

Sis!

^ypi hyti, s`grt, cbt, agbm jgr stgrcbm nftf gj typi cbtimirs. Cbtimirs sul` fs < fbn 9. ^ypi jagft, nguhai jgr stgrcbm nftf gj typi nilcdfa. Nilcdfas sul` fs >.9 fbn


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^gpcl


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^gpcl ;

Dfp dit`gn didhirs tg Efvf lgni.Lgursi

bfdilrinct

typitiflìrmrfniriqucrin

mitBfdi()sitîflìr()mitMrfni()sitMrfni()

]i fri mgcbm tg ixpafcb `gw tg wrcti f dit`gn fbn tìb tg

tist ct. F mggn prgmrfddir s`guan ng hgt` tg dfoi suri `cs

dit`gn cs ngcbm tì rcm`t t`cbm. \gdi prgmrfddirs wrcti

tistcbm jcrst.

^g dfoi ygur acji ifsy, ygu wcaa rilicvi f riquist jrgdniscmbir tg wrcti f dit`gn. ^ì riquist wcaa hi acoi t`cs5

Dit`gn Bfdi5 mitBfdi [frfditirs5 Bgbi

Xiturb5 \trcbmAgmcl5 riturb tì bfdi gj tì lgursi

[frfditirs ]`ft fri tì typi fbn budhir gj cbputs riqucrinhy tì dit`gn tg ng cts egh7

Xiturb ]`ft cs tì jgrdft gj tì vfaui f dit`gn wcaa riturb7

Agmcl ]`ft cs tì wgro tì dit`gn cs suppgsin tg ng7©Sfoggtf̀


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^gpcl 6

puhacl vgcn sfauti(\trcbm tixt){

obiia()?//tg sct gb gbi obii. ]i eust lfaa fb ixcstcbm dit`gn tg ng cts egh. // tg s`gw vfaui cb tì pfrfditir tixt. Fssudi t`cs vfaui cs ‑@c Iviry Gbi—. ]i eust lfaa fb ixcstcbm dit`gn fbn pfss t`cs vfaui tg ct.

sfy(tixt)?}

^ì jcmuri hiscni s`gws tì obcm`t gheilt fbn cts

fssglcftin dit`gns (gpirftcgbs). Ait us nidgbstrfti

`gw tg nilafri f scdpai dit`gn lfaain sfauti. ^ì

sfauti dit`gn wguan tfoi gbi pfrfditir (cbput) gj

typi \trcbm. Sgu lfb sibn tg t`cs sfauti dit`gn fbyvfaui cb tì jgrdft gj tixt, fbn sfauti wguan usi t`cs

tixt fs tì sfautcbm dissfmi. Cs t`ft faa7 Bg, sfauti jgr

tì obcm`t wcaa hi ncstcbmucs`fhai!

Ait us sii w`ft iasi ì lfb ng wìb ygu fso `cd tg

sfauti.

Mriib tixt

prgliinin hy

// cs lfaain

lgddibt fbn

cs cmbgrin hy

tì lgdpcair.


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^gpcl 9

Lfb ygu mcvi dgri ixpafbftcgb gb tì cssui lgblirbcbm lriftcbm gheilt jrgd lafss7

Lgursi lgursi6 4 biw Lgursi() ?

biw Lgursi() wcaa ng tì jgaagwcbm5Lriftis gheilt gj tì lafss Lgursi cb didgry.

Cbctcfaczis nftf didhirs gj Lgursi tg nijfuat vfauis5g didhirs t`ft stgri cbtimirs gr nilcdfas wcaa hi jcaain gut wct` ;.g hggaifb typi wcaa hi jcaain gut wct` jfasi.g l`fr typi wct` 'Qu;;;;'.

g lafss typis sul` fs \trcbm wct` buaa.

Xiturbs tì fnnriss gj tì gheilt cb didgry.

Lgursi lgursi6 lgursi6 cs f spfli cb didgry t`ft wcaa stgri tì fnnriss gj tì gheilt gj typi

Lgursi w`cl` wfs eust lriftin. lgursi6 wcaa hi gur oiy tg nifa wct` tì lriftin gheilt.

]`ft cs \ystid.gut.prcbtab( )7

\ystid scdpay rijirs tg gbi gj tì lafssis fvfcafhai jgr gur usi.

Ct cs f pfrt gj tì Efvf achrfry.

\ystid.gut rijirs tg f nftf didhir cb \ystid? ct cs fb gheilt gj f prcbtcbm lafss. prcbtab() cs f dit`gn t`ft wcaa bgrdfaay fllipt f pfrfditir fbn prcbt tì vfaui

stgrin cb ct. Ct wcaa prcbt tì vfaui, fbn tìb tì lursgr wcaa mg tg tì bixt acbi.

^`cs dit`gn cs wiaa tistin hy dcaacgbs fbn wgro prgpiray, C ng bgt biin tg ri-cbvibttì wìia fbn lrifti f dit`gn gj dy gwb.

\trcbm

Ct cs bgt f prcdctcvi typi,

hut f lafss typi.

Bgti t`ft ct stfrts wct` f

lfpctfa aittir acoi fby

lafss.

Ngis t`ft difb t`ft ct

lgbtfcbs nftf fbn

gpirftcgbs7 Sis,

ixpafbftcgb wcaa hi

mcvib tg t`cs pgcbt cb f

lgdcbm tgpcl.

lgursi6

Lgursi


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^gpcl :

puhacl lafss Lgursi {

prcvfti \trcbm bfdi?

prcvfti cbt lrinct?

prcvfti l`fr typi?

prcvfti \trcbm tiflìr?

prcvfti nguhai mrfni?

prcvfti hggaifb riqucrin?

puhacl cbt mitLrinct() {

riturb lrinct? }

puhacl vgcn sitLrinct(cbt lrinct) {

t`cs.lrinct 4 lrinct? }

puhacl nguhai mitMrfni() {

riturb mrfni? }

puhacl vgcn sitMrfni(nguhai mrfni) {

t`cs.mrfni 4 mrfni? }

puhacl \trcbm mitBfdi() {//acbi =

riturb bfdi? }//acbi 0

puhacl vgcn sitBfdi(\trcbm bfdi) {//acbi 9

t`cs.bfdi 4 bfdi? }//acbi :

puhacl hggaifb csXiqucrin() {

riturb riqucrin? }

puhacl vgcn sitXiqucrin(hggaifb riqucrin) {

t`cs.riqucrin 4 riqucrin? }

puhacl \trcbm mitîflìr() {

riturb tiflìr? }

puhacl vgcn sitîflìr(\trcbm tiflìr) {

t`cs.tiflìr 4 tiflìr? }

puhacl l`fr mit^ypi() {

riturb typi? }

puhacl vgcn sit^ypi(l`fr typi) {

t`cs.typi 4 typi? }

puhacl stftcl vgcn dfcb(\trcbm_T s) {

Lgursi lgursi6 4 biw Lgursi()?//acbi6

lgursi6.sitBfdi("Efvf")?//acbi8

\trcbm nftf 4 lgursi6.mitBfdi()?//acbi

}

}

]ìb tì pfrfditir `fs tì sfdi bfdi fs

tì bfdi gj f nftf didhir, tìb, wìb wi

wfbt tg stgri tì vfaui gj tì pfrfditir cb

tì nftf didhir, wi usi ‑t`cs.— hijgri tì

nftf didhir? ft rub tcdi, Efvf ixilutir wcaa

hi fhai ncjjiribtcfti hitwiib tì twg

vfrcfhais.

Ixfdpai5 t`cs.bfdi4bfdi?

t`cs.bfdi rijirs tg nftf didhir

Efvf lgni gj tì lafss Lgursi

^ c < D c


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^gpcl =

Ait us scdpay ixpafcb w`ft `fppibs wìb wi lfaa tì dfcb dit`gn cb tì lgni fhgvi.

Acbi Fltcgb6 Gheilt gj typi Lgursi cs lriftin cb didgry

g bfdi nftf didhir cs fsscmbin vfaui gj buaa g lrinct nftf didhir cs fsscmbin vfaui gj ; g typi nftf didhir cs fsscmbin vfaui gj Qu;;;; g tiflìr nftf didhir cs fsscmbin vfaui gj buaa g mrfni nftf didhir cs fsscmbin vfaui gj ;.; g riqucrin nftf didhir cs fsscmbin vfaui gj jfasi

vfrcfhai lgursi6 cs lrifting tì fnnriss gj tì gheilt cs fsscmbin tg tì vfrcfhai lgursi6

8 Dit`gn sitBfdi() ft acbi 9 cs hicbm lfaain Zfaui gj Efvf cs hicbm pfssin tg sitBfdi() Zfaui gj Efvf wcaa hi fsscmbin tg pfrfditir bfdi

: Zfaui gj Efvf cs hicbm fsscmbin tg nftf didhir bfdi? ct gvirrcnis buaa Lgni ixilutcgb riturbs tg acbi 8

< Dit`gn mitBfdi() ft acbi = cs hicbm lfaain0 Zfaui stgrin cb nftf didhir bfdi, w`cl` cs Efvf, cs riturbin

Lgni Ixilutcgb riturbs tg acbi < lfrrycbm wct` ct tì vfaui gj Efvf < Zfrcfhai nftf gj typi \trcbm cs hicbm nilafrin (lriftin)

^ì vfaui gj Efvf cs hicbm fsscmbin tg nftf

> Lfaa tg dit`gn prcbtab() jgubn cb fb ixtirbfa lafss \trcbm vfaui lgdpgsin gj jcxin vfaui bfdi fbn vfrcfhai nftf fri hicbm sibt tg prcbtab() prcbtab() wcaa prcbt tì jcxin vfaui bfdi fbn wcaa lgblftibfti tg ct tì vfaui stgrin cbscni

nftf w`cl` cs Efvf

^ c < D c


56/219

^gpcl 0

Iviry dit`gn wct`cb f lafss dust `fvi f ubcqui scmbfturi. ]ct`cb tì sfdi lafss, bg

twg dit`gns lfb `fvi tì sfdi5

6. Dit`gn bfdi8. Budhir gj [frfditirs. Grnir gj [frfditirs

Efvf lgdpcair wcaa bgt faagw sul` t`cbm.

Ait us sfy ygu `fvi tì jgaagwcbm dit`gn cb ygur lafss,puhacl vgcn sit^cdi(cbt tcdi, \trcbm nfy) {}

^ìb, ygu trcin tg fnn ifl` gj tì dit`gns hiagw, wcaa tì lgdpcair faagw ygu gr bgt 7

f) puhacl cbt mit^cdi(cbt tcdi, \trcbm nfy){ }

h) puhacl hggaifb sit^cdi(cbt tcdi, \trcbm nfy){ }

l) puhacl vgcn sit^cdi(cbt f , \trcbm h){ }n) puhacl vgcn sit^cdi(\trcbm f, cbt h){ }

i) puhacl cbt sit^cdi(cbt tcdi){ }

Dit`gn \cmbfturi

^gpcl < Dfppcbm


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^gpcl 3

Niprilftin Dit`gns

\gdi dit`gns fri lgbscnirin niprilftin. \ul` dit`gns lfb hi bgtclin ifscay? tìsi

dit`gns fri strcoi t`rgum` sul` fs mitNfti(). ^ìsi dit`gns fri dfroin, cj ygu fri uscbm

fb Cbtimrftin Niviagpdibt Ibvcrgbdibt (CNI), cb sul` f wfy tg wfrb f prgmrfddir bgt tg

usi fbn aggo jgr fb fatirbftcvi. ^ìsi dit`gns fri acoiay tg hi ridgvin gr ripaflin hy

fbgtìr cb tì bixt riaifsi gj Efvf. ^ùs ygu fri fnvcsin bgt tg usi, gtìrwcsi, ygur lgni

dfy bgt wgro prgpiray wìb ygu upmrfni ygur eno/eri.

@gw ngis Efvf pfss frmudibts cbtg f dit`gn7

Hy vfaui, pfss vfaui fbn bgt tì vfrcfhai gr gheilt ctsiaj.

puhacl stftcl vgcn dfcb(\trcbm_ T s){nguhai n 4 8.;?mitZfaui(n)?\ystid.gut.prcbtab(n)? //prcbts 8.;

}

puhacl vgcn mitZfaui(nguhai y){

y 4 9.;?}

^ì prcbtin vfaui wcaa hi 8.;? bg dfttirw`ft `fppibs cbscni tì dit`gnmitZfaui().

^`cs `fs bg ijjilt gb n gutscni gj t`cs dit`gn!^ì vfaui gj n cs pfssin fbn put cb y. n fbn yfri twg ncjjiribt vfrcfhais.

^gpcl < Dfppcbm


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^gpcl


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^gpcl > Efvf ^ggas

^gpcl > Efvf ^ggas


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^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas

Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 9 Efvf ^ggas


62/219

^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


Sgu lfb usi ncjjiribt tggas tg wrcti, lgdpcai, fbn tìb ixiluti ygu Efvf lgni gb ygur

nisotgp/afptgp. Sgu lfb wrcti ygur lgni gb ncjjiribt gpirftcbm systids. ]`cl` tgga tg usi cs f

dfttir gj prijiribli fbn usufaay nipibns gb ygur wgrospfli fbn w`ft cs fvfcafhai tìri.

Gur lgni ìri wcaa hi nidgbstrftin gb BitHifbs, fb Cbtimrftin Niviagpdibt Ibvcrgbdibt (CNI),

rubbcbm gb f ]cbngws = Gpirftcbm systid. ^ìri s`guan hi f suhtai ncjjiribli cj ygu usi gtìr

CNIs gr rub gb ncjjiribt gpirftcbm systids sul` fs Acbux fbn Dfl.

]i wcaa eust oclo gur jcrst prgmrfd rubbcbm uscbm tì tggas fvfcafhai wct` t ì ENO, fbn t ìb wi wcaa

stclo tg BitHifbs cb tì rist gj gur egurbiy.

^g cbstfaa Bithifbs, mg tg `ttp5//bithifbs.grm/ngwbagfns/ fbn ngwbagfn tì EfvfII hubnai. ^`cs wcaa hi

usijua jgr t`gsi w`g fri cbtiristin tg hucan ]ih fppaclftcgbs cb tì juturi. Efvf\I cs jcbi jgr gur

lurribt tfsos.

ENO lfb hi ngwbagfnin jrgd `ttp5//www.grflai.lgd/til`bitwgro/Efvf/Efvfsi/ngwbagfns/cbnix.`tda

g ^`rgum` lgbtrga pfbiasystid, nitirdcbi tì systid typi? t`cs wcaa ìap ygu tg nitirdcbi

wìtìr ygu biin tg cbstfaa eno jgr :> gpirftcbm systid gr jgr x0: gpirftcbm systid.

Cbstfaaftcgb s`guan hi ifsy fbn f strfcm`t jgrwfrn prgliss.

^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas

http://netbeans.org/downloads/http://netbeans.org/downloads/http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.htmlhttp://netbeans.org/downloads/


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^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


\tips tg lgdpcai/rub ygur lafss Lgursi uscbm ENO

6. Gpib tì bgtipfn.

8. ]rcti ngwb tì lafss lgursi cb tì bgtipfn.

. Laclo gb wcbngws ‑\tfrt—.

9. ^ypi ldn cb tì tixt hgx.

:. F NG\ wcbngw wcaa fppifr.=. L`fbmi tì ncriltgry tg tì aglftcgb wìri ygu sfvin ygur Lgursi.efvf jcai.

0. ^g Lgdpcai efvfl Lgursi.efvf

f. Cj irrgrs fppifr gb tì slriib, irrgr wcaa cbnclfti acbi gj irrgr.

h. Gpib tì jcai, mg tg tì acbi t`ft lgbtfcbs irrgr, fbn tìb jcx ct.

l. \fvi tì jcai, fbn rilgdpcai.

3. Cj lgdpcaftcgb wfs go, Lgursi.lafss jcai wcaa hi lriftin.

6;. ^g rub jcai efvf Lgursi.

^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


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p ,


Lgdpcair flts acoi f lgpy inctgr w`g rilicvis ygur frtclai hijgri hicbm sibt tg hi

puhacsìn. Fs tì lgpy inctgr dfois suri tìri cs bg typg, gr mrfddftclfa irrgrs cb ygur

frtclai, tì lgdpcair dfois suri t`ft ygur lgni jgaagws tì ruais gj wrctcbm Efvf lgni. ^ì

lgpy inctgr ngisb–t lfri wìtìr ygur frtclai dfois sibsi gr bgt. \cdcafray, tì lgdpcair

cs bgt lgblirbin wìtìr ygur lgni wcaa ng tì riqucrin egh gr bgt.

efvfl cs tì lgdpcair. ^ì irrgrs lfum`t hy tì lgdpcair fri lfaain lgdpcair irrgrs gr

\ybtfx irrgrs.

Lgursi.efvf cs lfaain tì sgurli lgni.

Lgursi.lafss cs lfaain tì hyti lgni. Sgu lfb wrcti ygur lgni gb dfl dfl`cbi, lgdpcai,

fbn tìb rub ct gb fby gtìr gpirftcbm systid wct`gut f biin tg dgncjy gr rilgdpcai gjtì lgni. ]rcti lgni gbli fbn rub ivirywìri.

efvf cs tì fppaclftcgb afublìr t`ft wcaa lfusi tì prgmrfd tg rub. Ct wcaa lfusi tì hyti

lgni tg hi trfbsjgrdin tg f afbmufmi ubnirstggn hy tì dfl`cbi. ^ì dfcb dit`gn

dust ixcst fbn cts ìfnir dust hi wrcttib cb tì sfdi wfy s`gwb cb tì Lgursi.efvf jcai?

gtìrwcsi, ygu lfb–t rub ygur Lgursi.lafss jcai.

]ìb ygu rub ygur prgmrfd, tì jcrst dit`gn tg hi ixilutin cs tì dfcb dit`gn.

Fbfagmy


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^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


66/219

p


\tips tg lgdpcai/rub ygur lafss Lgursi uscbm BitHifbs

L`ggsi

biw prgeilt

L`ggsiEfvf fppaclftcgb

8

<

>

6

^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


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^ypi f bfdi

jgr ygur prgeilt

^ypi Lgursi

fs bfdi gj lafss

9

:

=

^g fneust Bithifbs, sg ct wcaa

rub ygur lafss, l`ggsi ygur

prgeilt fbn rcm`t laclo gb ct.

0

3

6;


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^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi :6

L`ggsi ygur

lgbjcmurftcgb

6=

Sgu fri bgw rifny tg rub

tì lafss Lgursi fttflìn

tg t`cs lgbjcmurftcgb.60

]rcti ygur lafss Lgursi

Cb tì tixt frif s`gwb hi`cbn

63

Xub ygur lafss

8;

^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


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@gw dfby idpagyii lafssis fri sujjclcibt tg riprisibt tì idpagyiis fhgvi7

@gw dfby idpagyii gheilts fri s`gwb fhgvi7

\tfti 6; nftf didhirs wct` tìcr typis jgr fb idpagyii7

]rcti f efvf lafss jgr tì idpagyii.

]`ft cs tì jcai bfdi ygu wcaa mcvi tg t`ft efvf lafss7

@gw cs t`ft efvf lafss lgbvirtin cbtg hyti lgni7

]`cl` tgga(s) wcaa ygu usi tg ng tì lgbvirscgb tg hyti lgni fbn dfl`cbi lgni7

^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi :

Nftf didhirs cn, bfdi, p`gbi, idfca, egh^ctai, fnnriss, sfafry, fmi,dfrrcin, flfnidclNimrii.

\gurli lgni

puhacl lafss Idpagyii{cbt cn?\trcbm bfdi,p`gbi,idfca, egh^ctai,fnnriss?jagft sfafry?jagft fmi?hggaifb dfrrcin?\trcbm flfnidclNimrii?

}

Jcai bfdi ]caa hi lfaain Idpagyii.efvf.Jcai bfdi dust hi tì sfdi fs tì lafss bfdi.

Lgbvirt tg hyti lgni Lgdpcair sifrlìs jgr sybtfx irrgrs fbn cj bg irrgrixcsts, lgbvirts sgurli lgni tg hyti lgni.

^gga jgr lgbvirscgb efvfl ng lgdpcaftcgb. efvf(fppaclftcgb afublìr) l`fbmis hyti lgni tg

dfl`cbi lgni. CNI sul` fs BitHifbs fbn ilacpsi ng hgt` (efvfl fbn

efvf)

Lgdpcai fbn rub wct`guttì ìap gj CNI.

Gpib tì Ngs wcbngwtg lgdpcai, typi5 efvfl Idpagyii.efvftg ixiluti, typi5 efvf Idpagyii

\ybtfx irrgr

Lgdpcair irrgrs? dcm`t hi

nui tg (dcsspiaacbm gj nftf

typis, dcsscbm sidclgagb,

dcsscbm pfribtìscs,

dcsscbm hrfloits, dcsscbm

riturb stftidibt, twg

dit`gns wrcttib cbscni

ifl` gtìr, sfdi bfdi

mcvib tg twg nftf

didhirs, uscbm nftf

didhir wct`gut nilafrcbm

ct, itl...)

^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi :>

6. ]rcti f Efvf lafss t`ft riprisibts f lafss Jgricmbir.

8. ]rcti nftf didhirs jgr tì fhgvi lafss

nftf didhir t`ft stgris Jgricmbir ̀ gdi Lgubtry

nftf didhir t`ft stgris Jgricmbir bfdi

nftf didhir t`ft stgris Jgricmbir pfsspgrt Budhir

nftf didhir t`ft stgris Jgricmbir hcrt` Sifr

nftf didhir t`ft stgris Jgricmbir dghcai budhir

. ]rcti f dfcb dit`gn t`ft wcaa ng tì jgaagwcbm5

lrifti fb gheilt gj tì lafss Jgricmbir

Jcaa gut tì Jgricmbir nftf didhirs wct` ygur nftf uscbm tì sit dit`gns

[rcbt nftf stgrin cb tì gheilt gj typi Jgricmbir cb tì jgrdft s`gwb hiagw

]ialgdi tg dy jcrst [rgmrfd

-----------------------------------

Dy bfdi cs5

Dy `gdi lgubtry cs5C wfs hgrb gb5Dy pfsspgrt budhir cs5 Sgu lfb rifl` di ft dy dghcai budhir w c̀l` cs5

^gpcl >, Efvf ^ggas


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6. ]rcti f Efvf lafss t`ft riprisibts f lafss Hgft.

8. ]rcti nftf didhirs jgr tì fhgvi lafss

nftf didhir t`ft stgris hgft dgnia

nftf didhir t`ft stgris hgft dfcb lgagr

nftf didhir t`ft stgris lyacbnir lfpflcty

nftf didhir t`ft stgris pafti budhir

nftf didhir t`ft nitirdcbis wìtìr hgft lfb sfca gvirsifs gr bgt

. ]rcti f dfcb dit`gn t`ft wcaa ng tì jgaagwcbm5

lrifti fb gheilt gj tì lafss Hgft

Jcaa gut tì Hgft nftf didhirs wct` ygur Hgft nftf uscbm tì sit dit`gns

[rcbt nftf stgrin cb tì gheilt gj typi Hgft cb tì jgrdft s`gwb hiagw

]ialgdi tg dy jcrst [rgmrfd----------------------------------Dy hgft ̀ fs tì jgaagwcbm jifturis5Dgnia cs5Lgagr cs5

Lyacbnir lfpflcty cs5[afti budhir csLfb dy hgft trfvia gvirsifs7 ̂ ì fbswir cs


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^gpcl 9, [rghaid sgavcbm


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi :=

Hicbm fhai tg wrcti dit`gn famgrct`ds t`ft lfb ng tì riqucrin egh vfrcis hitwiib

hicbm fb ifsy tfso tg f ncjjcluat gbi. ]rctcbm prgmrfds fs wi stftin ifracir wcaa sfvi

us tcdi, ijjgrt, fbn dgbiy. Eust t`cbo, ygu biin tg ng f tfso t`ft wcaa scdpay sud up

budhirs cb f jcai? ct wguan hi mrift tg `fvi f egh t`ft wguan ng tì egh cb jiw silgbnsfbn ng ct fllurftiay. ]i wguan fpprilcfti cj wi lfb ripift t`cs egh fs jriquibt fs wi

paifsi, fbn ifl` tcdi wi lfb pfss f ncjjiribt jcai wct` ncjjiribt budhirs, fbn stcaa tì

sfdi egh nifa wct` tìsi ncjjiribt jcai lfpflctcis fbn `fvi tì egh ngbi cb bg tcdi fbn

wct` fllurfly.

Dgst gj tì tcdi fs f prgmrfddir, ispilcfaay, wìb ygu stfrt ygur lfriir cs tg wrcti

dit`gn famgrct`ds. Ct cs tì agmcl ygu wrcti cbscni tì dit`gn t`ft dfy prgliss nftfjgubn cb gheilt/lafss nftf didhirs fbn/gr nftf pfssin fs pfrfditirs tg `fvi tì

egh ngbi.

[rfltcli... [rfltcli... [rfltcli cs tì ijjiltcvi wfy tg aifrb prgmrfddcbm, tg wrcti

famgrct`ds, fbn tg mfcb siaj-lgbjcnibli. ]i wcaa try tg lafsscjy ncjjiribt prghaids typi

fbn lgdi up wct` f suctfhai famgrct`d tg jct ifl`.


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi =;

fnvfbtfmi cs t`ft ct lfb hi ifscay ubnirstggn hy tì dfegrcty, ivib f afydfb. C sfw

ncjjiribt sybtfxis jgr t`ft psiung lgni. ^ìrijgri, wi wcaa lgdi up wct` gur

fpprgfl` lfaain ‑YGGA—, fbn wi fnvcsi ygu tg wrcti ct cb fby wfy ygu jiia

lgdjgrtfhai wct`. Fjtir faa, ct cs fb cbtirdincfti gptcgbfa stip.

^ì ncjjcluat pfrt cs bgt cb tì prgmrfddcbm sybtfx, hut cb tì famgrct`d ygu wrcti cb

ygur gwb afbmufmi. Sgu dfy gviraggo sgdi stips. Jgr ixfdpai, wìb ygu fri

fsoin tg gpib 9; hgxis siquibtcfaay tg lgubt tì budhir gj hgxis t`ft fri bgt

idpty, ng ygu rifaczi t`ft ygu ublgbslcgusay, risirvi f tcby pfrt gj ygur hrfcb tg

oiip tì budhir gj hgxis t`ft sftcsjcis tì lrctircf gj sifrl`cbm. Sgu tìb oiip

trflo gj t`ft stgrin budhir fbn cblridibt ct fs ygu jcbn f biw hgx t`ft cs bgt

idpty7 Cj wi wiri tg wrcti sul` famgrct`d, wi dust bgt jgrmit tg `fvi f stgrfmi

frif fbn tg cblridibt ct wìb tì lgbnctcgb cs vircjcin. Jfcacbm tg rifaczi sul` stips

wcaa aifn tg fb cblgrrilt famgrct`d. Ngb–t ivir jgrmit t`ft ygur lgdputir ngisb–t

`fvi f hrfcb fbn ct cs f safvi t`ft ixilutis ygur cbstrultcgbs.



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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi =6

\ii Fppibncx F tg hilgdi jfdcacfr wct` gur YGGA.

Hiagw cs eust fb caaustrftcvi jcmuri rimfrncbm tì mibirfa quistcgbs t`ft ygu wcaa

usufaay `fvi tg fbswir w`cai trycbm tg lgdi up wct` fb famgrct`d tg sgavi tì

prghaid ygu `fvi cb `fbn. ]i wcaa usi t`ft jcmuri tg wrcti ngwb tì agmcl jgr gur

dit`gns uscbm tì YGGA.


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi =


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi =>

66. Nifacbm wct` strcbms-sifrl`cbm\\

68. Nifacbm wct` strcbms-lgdpfrcbm\L

6. Ncvcni fbn lgbquir NL

^`cs typi gj prghaids lfb hi ifscay scdpacjcin hy ncvcncbm tì dfcb prghaid cbtg sdfaair

gbis wìri tì sgautcgbs gj tì sdfaair prghaids fri obgwb gr lfb hi ifscay jcmurin gut.

Fs f puzzai, fssidhai tì sgautcgbs tgmitìr tg hucan ygur pclturi gr sgautcgb. Ixfdpai, cj

ygu fri riquistin tg lfaluafti tì rfbmi jgr f mrgup gj budhirs. ^ì rfbmi cs tì

ncjjiribli hitwiib tì hcmmist fbn sdfaaist budhir. ^`cs prghaid lfb hi sgavin cb t`rii

stips5 (6) lrifti f dit`gn tg lfaluafti tì tì hcmmistBudhir, (8) lrifti f dit`gn tg

lfaluafti tì sdfaaistBudhir, fbn (


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^gpcl : \cdpai Aivia Agmcl

^gpcl :, \cdpai-Aivia Agmcl


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi =:


̂ ypi lfstcbm

Aglfa vfrcfhais

\cdpai gpirftcgbs

Frct`ditcl gpirftgrs


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6. puhacl lafss ^rfltgr {

8. prcvfti cbt sircfaBudhir ?

. \trcbm dgnia ?

9. prcvfti nguhai prcli?

:. prcvfti nguhai tfx?

=. puhacl hggaifb csFutg(){

0. riturb futg? }

3. puhacl sitDgnia(\trcbm dgnia){

6;. t`cs.dgnia 4 dgnia? }

66. puhacl hggaifb mitDgnia( ){

68. riturb dgnia? }

6. tfx 4 f? }

69. puhacl vgcn sit^fx (nguhai pirlibtfmi){

6:. tfx 4 pirlibtfmi*prcli? }

6=. puhacl nguhai mit^gtfa[rcli (){

60. riturb tfx+prcli? }

63. puhacl nguhai mit[rcli (){

8;. riturb prcli? }

86. }//………………………………….

88. lafss ^ist^rfltgr {

8. ̂ rfltgr trfltgr6 4 biw ̂ rfltgr()?

89. trfltgr6.sit[rcli(89)?

8:. trfltgr6.sit^fx(;.69)?

8=. nguhai tidp 4 trfltgr6.mit^gtfa[rcli()?

80. \ystid.gut.prcbtab("^`i lgst5 "+tidp)?

83. \trcbm tidp 4 trfltgr6.mitDgnia()?


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88 Lafss îst^rfltgr lfb hi sfvin cb cts gwb jcai gr cb sfdi jcai fs ^rfltgr.

@gwivir, tìri dust hi gbi puhacl lafss gbay cb tì jcai. Hittir tg dgvi tg gtìr jcai.

Ivib, cj ygu aijt 8 lafssis cb sfdi jcai fbn lgdpcain, ygu mit 8 lafss jcais ^rfltgr.lafss fbn

îst^rfltgr.lafss

îst^rfltgr lriftis gbi gheilt gj ^ypi ^rfltgr.

Lfb C dgvi tì dfcb dit`gn tg ^rfltgr fbn irfsi tì îst^rfltgr lafss7

Sis, Ct cs eust f dfttir gj grmfbczftcgb. Sgur fppaclftcgb dfy lgbtfcb

t`gusfbns gj lafssis? gbay viry jiw gr gbi s`guan `fvi tì dfcb dit`gn.

80 + hitwiib \trcbms cs usin tg lgblftibfti tìd.

83 \ybtfx irrgr. tidp cs nilafrin twcli.


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riturb sud?Dit`gn Bfdi5 mitFvirfmiZfaui[frfditirs5 cbt, cbt, cbt, cbtXiturb5 nguhaiAgmcl5 riturb tì fvirfmi vfaui gj tì cbput pfrfditirs.

puhacl lafss ̂ istNidg{

puhacl stftcl vgcn dfcb (\trcbm_ T s) {

Nidg nidg64 biw Nidg()?

nguhai tidp?

cbt z 4 3?

tidp 4 nidg6. mitFvirfmiZfaui (>,9,0,z)?

\ystid.gut.prcbtab (tidp)?}}

puhacl lafss Nidg {

puhacl nguhai mitFvirfmiZfaui (cbt f, cbt h, cbt l, cbt n) {

cbt sud 4 f+h+l+n?

nguhai fvirfmi 4 sud/>.;?

riturb fvirfmi?

}

]`y ncn ygu usi >.; cbstifn gj >7 \g tì risuat lfb lgbtfcb jrfltcgb

]`g nijcbin prcbtab()7 Efvf tifd

prcbtab() cs fb ixfdpai gj dit`gn gviragfncbm.

Jgr dit`gns, wi ictìr nilafri (nijcbi/wrcti) f dit`gn sul` fs tì lfsi gb tì A@\ fhgvi, gr wi

cbvgoi (lfaa/ixiluti) f dit`gn sul` fs tì lfsi gb tì X@\ fhgvi.

]ct`cb f dit`gn hgny, ygu lfb cbvgoi fbgtìr dit`gn sul` fs lfaacbm mitFvirfmiZfaui() wct`cb tì

dfcb() hgny.

f, h, l fri lfaain dit`gn pfrfditirs, w`cai >, 9,0,z fri lfaain dit`gn frmudibts.

^g cbvgoi f dit`gn, ygu eust biin tg obgw w`ft pfrfditirs ct riqucris, fbn tìb pfss tì vfauis gj

tì typis t`ft lfb jct tì pfrfditirs, fbn tìb rilicvi cts riturbin vfaui cb f prgpir typi.

A@\

Aijt @fbn \cni

X@\

Xcm`t @fbn \cni

Dit`gn Gviragfn

Dit`gns cb sfdi

lafss t`ft s`fri tì

sfdi bfdi fbnncjjir cb pfrfditirs.



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]rcti f lafss lfaain DyLfaluaftgr

^ì lafss `fs tì jgaagwcbm nftf didhirs

6. Nftf didhir lfaain virscgb jgr ncspafycbm tì virscgb gj tì lfaluaftgr.

^ì lafss `fs tì jgaagwcbm dit`gns8. ]rcti mit fbn sit dit`gns jgr tì nftf didhir.

f. ]rcti dit`gn lfaain fnn^`riiGpirfbns , ct tfois t`rii nilcdfa pgcbt budhirs fs cbput fbn

riturb tì risuat gj tìcr suddftcgb.

h. ]rcti f dit`gn lfaain suhtrflt^wgGpirfbns , ct tfois twg nilcdfa pgcbt budhirs fs cbput

fbn riturbs tì risuat gj tìcr suhtrfltcgb? tì silgbn cbput cs suhtrfltin jrgd tì jcrst gbi.

l. ]rcti f dit`gn lfaainduatcpay^`riiGpirfbns

, ct tfois t`rii nilcdfa pgcbt budhirs fscbputs fbn riturbs tì risuat gj tìcr prgnult.

n. ]rcti f dit`gn lfaain ncvcni^wgGpirfbns , ct tfois twg nilcdfa pgcbt budhirs fs cbputs

fbn riturbs tì risuat gj tìcr ncvcscgb

i. ]rcti f dit`gn lfaain mitFvirfmi . Ct tfois t`rii pfrfditirs fbn riturbs tì fvirfmi vfaui.

j. ]rcti f dit`gn lfaain mitDgnuaus . Ct tfois gbi pfrfditir fbn riturbs tì fhsgauti vfaui.

m. ]rcti f dit`gn lfaain mitLcrlai[ircditir . Ct tfois tì rfncus gj tì lcrlai fs pfrfditir fbn

riturbs tì pircditir.

`. ]rcti tì dfcb ( ) dit`gn t`ft tists faa tì dit`gns ygu nilafrin cb DyLfaluaftgr.


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^gpcl = Dgnirfti Aivia Agmcl

^gpcl =, Dgnirfti-Aivia Agmcl


95/219



Xiaftcgb gpirftgrs

Iqufacty gpirftgrs

Lgbnctcgbfa gpirftgrs

cblridibt/nilridibt gpirftgrs

pflofmcbm

F[C

Lgbnctcgbfa stftidibts (cj, swctl`,75)

aggpcbm stftidibts(jgr, w`cai, ng w`cai)

hrfbl`cbm stftidibts (hrifo, lgbtcbui)

gbi ncdibscgbfa frrfy



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Ait us mg f stip jurtìr fbn wrcti f acttai hct dgri ncjjcluat gpirftcgbs. Ct cs

rifaay bgt ncjjcluat hut riqucris us tg ng dgri wgro. Faa tì dit`gns wi

`fvi lgvirin sg jfr wiri ixilutin cb siquibli? stftidibts wiri

ixilutin gbi fjtir tì gtìr. Jagw gj ixilutcgb cs ngbi acbi hy acbi.

^ìri fri stftidibts t`ft lgbtrga tì jagw gj ixilutcgb wìri tì jagw gj

ixilutcgb wcaa nipibn gb tì bfturi gj tìsi lgbtrga stftidibts, fbn

wìri acbi hy acbi ixilutcgb dfy bgt fppay.\tftidibt

Ct jgrds f lgdpaiti ubct gj

ixilutcgb. ]i `fvi

ixprisscgb, nilafrftcgb fbn

lgbtrga jagw stftidibts.

Ixprisscgb stftidibts

Ix5

f40? //fsscmbdibt

biw Hggo()? //lrifti gheilt

prcbt()? //dit`gn lfaa

c++? //ncsluss aftir

Nilafrftcgb stftidibts

Ix5 cbt f 43?

Lgbnctcgbfa

^foi nilcscgb hfsin gb sgdi

lgbnctcgbs.

Aggp

Grnir tg ripift f mrgup gj

cbstrultcgbs ictìr jgrivir gr ubtca

sgdi lgbnctcgbs cs vircjcin.

Hrfbl`

Cbtirrupt tì jagw gj cbstrultcgbs.

Lgbtrga

Jagw

\tftidibts Lgbnctcgbfa

Aggp

Hrfbl`


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Ait stfrt fbn jglus gb tì lgbnctcgbfa jagw stftidibts. ^g wrcti sul` stftidibts cb

Efvf, wi lguan usi cj “iasi stftidibt, gr swctl` stftidibt, gr 75 gpirftgr.

//cj lgbnctcgb cs trui ng lgni hitwiib { }? w`cl` cs lfaain f haglo.

cj (lgbnctcgb6){

} //cj lgbnctcgb6 jfcas? ygu lfb tist jgr fbgtìr gbi, lgbnctcgb8. //cj lgbnctcgb8 cs trui, ixiluti tì lgni hitwiib { }.//ygu lfb fnn iasi cj jgr fby gtìr lgbnctcgb ygu `fvi.//t`cs pfrt cs gptcgbfa.iasi cj (lgbnctcgb8){

} //cj bg lgbnctcgb jrgd tì fhgvi cs trui, ng lgni cb { } gj iasi//^`cs pfrt cs gptcgbfa.

iasi{ }

^g wrcti f lgbnctcgb, ygu biin tg obgw fhgut tì Iqufacty, Xiaftcgbfa, fbn Lgbnctcgbfa Gpirftgrs.

Iqufacty Xiaftcgbfa Lgbnctcgbfa

44 iqufa tg

!4 bgt iqufa tg

2 mriftir t`fb

24 mriftir t`fb gr iqufa tg1 aiss t`fb14 aiss t`fb gr iqufa tg

&& Lgbnctcgbfa-FBN

|| Lgbnctcgbfa-GX

Lgbnctcgb

Ct cs f tist gj

lgdpfrcsgb fbn tì

risuat cs ictìr trui gr

jfasi.


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D t` n B I ` nM n


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Jgr f lgdpfby w`gsi acbo cs www jgg lgd cj ygu wfbt tg fnn lafss

http://www.foo.com/http://www.foo.com/


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Jgr f lgdpfby w`gsi acbo cs www.jgg.lgd, cj ygu wfbt tg fnn lafss

Xilgrns ubnir ncriltgry bfdin ‑funcg— fbn ygu wfbt funcg tg hi

ubnir ‑cbjgrdftcgb—, fnn tì jgaagwcbm acbi fs tì jcrst acbi cb Xilgrns

lafss.

pflofmi lgd.jgg.cbjgrdftcgb.funcg?

^ì `cirfrl`y gj tì pflofmi strulturi wcaa hi lgbvirtin hy ygur CNI tg f scdcafr `cirfrl`y gb

tì jcai systid. Cj ygu fri bgt uscbm fb CNI, ygu `fvi tg lrifti tì jganir strulturi ygursiaj.

cdpgrt stftidibt tiaas tì prgmrfd wìri tg jcbn tì lafss. Jgr ixfdpai, cj wi `fvi tì cdpgrt

stftidibt5

efvf.utca.Ziltgr?

^ì fhgvi stftidibt difbs t`ft wi `fvi tì Ziltgr lafss aglftin ubnir tì jganir utca fbn

utca jganir cs aglftin ubnir tì jganir efvf. Hut, tì quistcgb cs, wìri cs tì jganir efvf

aglftin7

http://www.foo.com/http://www.foo.com/


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6;6

Cblridibt fbn nilridibt Gpirftgrs

c++? gr ++c? iqucvfaibt tg c4c+6?

c--? gr --c? iqucvfaibt tg c4c-6?

c++

cj ct cs pfrt gj fb ixprisscgb, lfaluafti

ixprisscgb jcrst, t`ib cblridibt c ..

cbt c 4 8?

cbt y 4 (c++*8) +c?

//cj y cs hicbm prcbtin, wi wguan mit =

//cj cbt y 4 c + (c++*8)? wi wguan mit :

++c

cj ct cs pfrt gj fb ixprisscgb, cblridibt c jcrst,

t`ib lfaluafti ixprisscgb.

cbt c 4 8?

cbt y 4 (++c*8) +c?

//cj y cs hicbm prcbtin, wi wguan mit 3

//cj cbt y 4 c+(++c*8)? wi wguan mit 0

f)

cbt c 4


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puhacl stftcl vgcn dfcb (\trcbm_T s) {

}

NrfwYGGA

]rcti efvf lgni

]rctiîst lgni

Gptcgbfa

Dit`gn Bfdi5 mit\dfaaistBudhir[frfditirs5 cbt , cbt, cbt Xiturb5 cbtAgmcl5 riturbs tì sdfaaist fdgbm tì < pfrfditirs.

H/\ B


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6;>

Lgni ^rfcbcbm

6. Ixpafcb ifl` acbi cb tì lgni t`ft wcaa jgaagw, Lgursi lafss, hy jcaacbm cb tì hafbo spflis.

8. @gw dfby lafss nftf didhirs fri tìri7 WWWWWWWWWWWWW

. ^gmmacbm lgddibt ft acbi 89 aifns tg WWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

9. cj wi ridgvi tì oiywgrn ‑t`cs.— jrgd acbi 6;, tì lgni wcaa prcbtWWWWWWWWW

:. ^ì lafss nftf didhir WWWWWWWW cs bgt iblfpsuaftin

=. ^ì lgni lrifti 6 gheilt gj typiWWWWWWWWWWWWW

0. ^ì vfaui WWWWWWWWcs stgrin cb tì lafss nftf didhir bfdi.

3. @gw dfby dit`gns fri hicbm nilafrin cb tì lafss7

6;. @gw dfby Efvf achrfry lafssis fri hicbm usin cb tì lgni7

66. Cs tìri f agmclfa irrgr7 \fti tì acbi cj ct ixcsts.

68. ]`ft wcaa tì lgursi vfrcfhai stgri7


6


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< i t g f i f p i g f n lgn m t i lgni hi g

6>. Lfb ygu `fvi dfby lafssis nilafrin cb t`i sfdi Efvf jcai7

69. Lfb f Efvf jcai `fvi fs dfby puhacl lafssis nilafrin cbscni ct7

6:. Lfb C ribfdi fby dit`gn fs C wfbt7

6=. ]`ft cs t`i ncjjiribli hitwiib

LafssGheilt

Nftf didhirDit`gn didhir

Aglfa vfrcfhaiLafss nftf didhir


Dit`gn pfrfditirsDit`gn frmudibts


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6;:

Dit`gn pfrfditirsDit`gn frmudibts

Gpirftgr / Gpirftgr %

prcvftipuhacl

Dit`gn nilafrftcgbDit`gn lfaa

EfvflEfvf

eno eri


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=. puhacl hggaifb csIfsy() {


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p y() {

0. riturb ifsy? }

3. puhacl vgcn sitIfsy(hggaifb ifsy) {

6;. t`cs.ifsy 4 ifsy?}

66. puhacl vgcn sitMrfni(nguhai mrfni) {

68. t`cs.mrfni 4 mrfni? }

6. cj (hgbus 2 9) {

69. hgbus 4 9? }

6:. hggaifb x 4 csIfsy()?

6=. cj (!x) {


60. t`cs.mrfni 4 (mrfni + hgbus) * lurvcbm?


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63. } iasi {

8;. mrfni 4 mrfni + hgbus? } }

86. puhacl nguhai mitMrfni() {

88. riturb mrfni? }

8. Lgursi lgursi 4 biw Lgursi()?

89. // lgursi.sitCn(6;6)?

8:. lgursi.sitIfsy(trui)?

8=. lgursi.sitMrfni(:9)?

80. lgursi.sitMrfni(=, 6.6)?


83. nguhai tidp 4 lgursi.mitMrfni()?


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cj (f 14 6){

riturb jfasi?

}

iasi cj( f2 6) {

riturb trui?

}

}

Lgblirbcbm tì dit`gn fhgvi, tì lgdpcair wcaa hi sfn fbn wcaa t`rgw fb irrgr fhgut dcsscbm riturb

stftidibt. Lgdpcair t`cbos t`ft ygu dfy pfss vfaui jgr tì vfrcfhai f w`cl` cs bgt lfum`t hy tì cj

stftidibt. @ibli, lgdpcair t`cbos t`ft cj sul` lfsi `fppibs, bg riturb stftidibt cs ixilutin fbn bg

vfaui cs riturbin. ̂ g dfoi tì lgdpcair ̀ fppy, tìri cs dgri t`fb gbi fpprgfl`.

puhacl hggaifb csLgdpcair@fppy(cbt f) {cj (f 14 6){

riturb jfasi?}iasi {

riturb trui?}}

puhacl hggaifb csLgdpcair@fppy(cbt f) {hggaifb risuat 4 jfasi?

cj (f 14 6){risuat 4 jfasi?

}iasi cj( f2 6) {

risuat4 trui?}

riturb risuat?}

Cj { } ngisb–t ixcst, tì jcrst stftidibt fjtir tì

cj, fjtir iasi cj, gr fjtir iasi wcaa gbay hi

ixilutin wìb lgbnctcgb cs vircjcin.

Ixfdpai5 cj (f146) //acbi 6

f48? //acbi 8

f4


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Dit`gn Bfdi5 mitIqucvfaibt@cerc[ t c t


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cbt risuat 4;?

cj (f 446 ) {risuat46?}

iasi cj (f 448 ) {risuat48?}

iasi cj (f 44< ) {risuat4


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sit f scbmai vfrcfhai tg gbi gj twg stftis hfsin gb f scbmai lgbnctcgb.

cbt f 4


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[frt h Aggpcbm fbn Hrfbl`cbm


Ait us ixfdcbi t`i silgbn typi gj lgbtrga stftidibt, Aggpcbm.


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Cbstifn gj mcvcbm tì sfdi cbstrultcgb dfby tcdis, wi eust mcvi cbstrultcgb gbli fbn cbjgrdftcgb

rimfrncbm tì budhir gj tcdis tì cbstrultcgb ̀ fs tg hi ixilutin.

Aggp lfb mg5

Jgrivir.

Ybtca sgdi lgbnctcgb cs vircjcin.

Ixliptcgb (rubtcdi) irrgr gllurs.

Hrfbl`cbm gllurs.

Efvf gjjirs dgri t`fb gbi stftidibt tg pirjgrd f aggp cbstrultcgb.

Aggpcbm

jgr (cbct-stdt? lgbnctcgb? bixt-stdt) {stftidibts tg hi ripiftin }

^ì cbct-stdt stftidibt cs ixilutin hijgri tì aggp cs

stfrtin? usufaay tg nilafri & cbctcfaczi f lgubtir vfrcfhai.

^ì lgbnctcgb ixprisscgb cs tistin hijgri ixilutcbm f

aggp ctirftcgb. Cj tì lgbnctcgb (hggaifb ixprisscgb) cs

jfasi, tì aggp csb't ixilutin

^ì bixt-stdt stftidibt cs ixilutin fjtir f aggp ctirftcgb

cs ngbi? usufaay tg cblridibt f lgubtir vfrcfhai.

^ì < pfrts fri gptcgbfa.

g kjgr (??) //aggp jgrivir

w`cai (lgbnctcgb) { stftidibts tg ripift

w`cai tì lgbnctcgb cs trui }

ng {stftidibts tg ripiftw`cai tì lgbnctcgb cs trui}

w`cai (lgbnctcgb) ? Ysi ct cj ct cs riqucrin

tg obgw tì cbnix gjfb ctirftcgb. Ysi ct cj ygu wfbt tg ixiluti f stftidibt ft

aifst gbli.


^g put tìsi stftidibts cb cbtiristcbm lfsis, ait us cbtrgnuli Frrfys. Fb frrfy, Efvf gheilt, cs f


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lgaailtcgb gj vfrcfhais.

Cj ygu wfbt tg stgri vfaui jgr lgaudbs

//cbt f _ T _ T 4 biw cbt _8T_>T? // fbgt`ir fpprgfl`

^g lrifti twg ncdibscgbfa frrfy wct` vfauis gt`ir t`fb zirg vfauis

cbt _ T _ T f 4 {{6,8,>,9},{


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jgr (cbt c4;? c1 8?c++){

\ystid.gut.prcbtab(c)?

}

>. c4c+69. lìlo c18

:. [rcbt c 6=. c4c+6

0. lìlo c18 P 3. ixct aggp

Ixpafcb

jgr cbt _ T_ T f, tg put cb ifl` liaa tì sud gj tì rgw fbn lgaudb vfaui, wi ng tì jgaagwcbm5

jgr (cbt c4;?c1f.aibmt ?̀c++){

jgr (cbt e4;? e1f_cT.aibmt`?e++){ //t`cs cs hilfusi tì budhir gj lgaudbs dfy vfry.

f_cT_eT 4 c+e?

}

}

//rubtcdi dfy hi t`rgwb. FrrfyGutGjHgubnIxliptcgb cs t`rgwb cb tì lfsi hiagw.

jgr (cbt c4;?c1f.aibmt ?̀c++){

// Frrfy cbnix cs hitwiib ; fbn aibmt`-6. Fb irrgr cs t`rgwb w ìb lgni cs trycbm tg

//rifn vfaui jrgd fb cbnix, aibmt̀ ? w`cl` cs gutscni tì frrfy acdcts (hgubnfry).

jgr (cbt e4;?e14f_cT.aibmt`?e++){

f_cT_eT 4 c+e?

}

}

Lgni Hum

f.aibmt`

aibmt`5 nftf

didhir t`ft

`gans tì

sczi gj tì

frrfy.


Dit`gn Bfdi5 mit\dfaaistBudhir


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îst tist6 4 biw îst()?

cbt _ T nftf4 {6,8,,9,:,=,0,3}?

cbt tidp 4 tist6.mitHcmmistBudhir(nftf)?

\ystid.gut.prcbtab(tidp)?

}

Dit`gn Bfdi5 mit\dfaaistBudhir[frfditirs5 cbt _ T Xiturb5 cbtAgmcl5 riturbs tì sdfaaist fdgbm tì cbput pfrfditir.

puhacl cbt mit\dfaaistBudhir(cbt_ T f){

cbt sdfaaist 4 f_;T?jgr (cbt c46?c1f.aibmt`?c++){

cj (f_cT 1 sdfaaist){

sdfaaist4 f_cT?

}} riturb sdfaaist?}

H/\ B


Dit`gn Bfdi5 mit\udGjGnns[ t c t _ T


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cbt _ T nftf4 {6,8,,9,:,=,0,3}?

cbt tidp 4 tist6. mit\udGjjGnns (nftf)?

\ystid.gut.prcbtab(tidp)?

}

[frfditirs5 cbt _ T Xiturb5 cbtAgmcl5 riturbs t`i sud gj gnn budhirs fdgbm t`i cbput pfrfditir.

puhacl cbt mit\udGjjGnns(cbt_ T f){

cbt sud 4 ;?jgr (cbt c4;?c1f.aibmt`?c++){

cj ((f_cT %8)446){

sud +4 f_cT?

}}

riturb sud?}

sud+4f_cT

cs iqucvfaibt tg

sud 4 sud+f_cT?

I/G \/L

+ fc


Dit`gn Bfdi5 mitLgubtGjBimftcvis


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}

NrfwYGGA

]rcti efvf lgni

]rctiîst lgni

Gptcgbfa

Dit`gn Bfdi5 mitLgubtGjBimftcvis[frfditirs5 cbt _ T Xiturb5 cbtAgmcl5 riturbs tì lgubt gj bimftcvi budhirs fdgbm tì cbput pfrfditir.

I/G \/L


Dit`gn Bfdi5 mit[irlibtcai[frfditirs5 nguhai_ T mrfnis, nguhai mrfni


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îst tist 4 biw îst()?

tist.ncspafyDuatcpaclftcgb^fhaiIvibXgws (9, :, 8;)?

}

Xiturb5 BgbiAgmcl5 prcbt tì duatcpaclftcgb tfhai jgr bud, hitwiib jrgd fbn tg.

Ixfdpai5 Cj bud 4 >, jrgd 4 P> 4 6:>P: 4 8>

… >*6;; 4 >;;

puhacl vgcn ncspafyDuatcpaclftcgb^fhaiIvibXgws(cbt bud,cbt jrgd, cbt tg){

w`cai (jrgd 1 tg){

cj (jrgd%844;){

\ystid.gut.prcbtab(bud+" P " + jrgd+ " 4 "+ (bud*jrgd))?

jrgd++ }

Z


Dit`gn Bfdi5 mit\udGjHitwiib9


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Gptcgbfa

[frfditirs5 cbt jrgd, cbt tgXiturb5 cbtAgmcl5 mit t`i suddftcgb gj budhirs hitwiib jrgd fbn tg t`ft ncvcschai hy 9.

NrfwYGGA

]rcti

efvf lgni

]rcti^ist lgni

\/L Z



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puhacl vgcn tistNg]`cai(cbt c){

ng {\ystid.gut.prcbtab(c++)?

}w`cai (c1 3)?

}

tistNg]`cai(3)? wcaa prcbt 3

puhacl vgcn tist]`cai(cbt c){

w`cai (c1 3){\ystid.gut.prcbtab(c++)?

}

}

tist]`cai(3)? wcaa bgt prcbt


Hrfbl`cbm stftidibts fri usin tg lgbtrga t`i jgaagw, ispilcfaay, cb aggps. ^`iri fri t`rii

hrfbl`cbm stftidibts


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hrfbl`cbm stftidibts

• hrifo hrifos tì lurribt(iblagscbm) aggp fbn tirdcbftis ct.

• lgbtcbui hrifos tì lurribt(iblagscbm) ctirftcgb, fbn risudis wct` tì bixt ctirftcgb.

• riturb ibns tì ixilutcgb gj tì dit`gn.

Ait us risgavi tì prghaid, mit\udGjGnns(cbt_ T f), uscbm hrfbl`cbm til`bcqui

puhacl cbt mit\udGjjGnns(cbt_ T f){

cbt sud 4 ;?jgr (cbt c4;?c1f.aibmt`?c++){

cj ((f_cT %8)446){

lgbtcbui?

}

sud++?

}

riturb sud?}

I/G \/L


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^gpcl 0 ^ixt

^gpcl 0, ^ixt


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\trcbm lafss

\trcbmHujjir lafss

\trcbm pgga

^gpcl 0, ^ixt

Nifacbm wct` /ubnirstfbncbm tixt cs viry cdpgrtfbt5

Ncjjiribt nftf typis lfb hi riprisibtin cb tixt jgrdft


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^gpcl 0, ^ixt

\trcbm cs f efvf lafss. Ct lgbtfcbs dfby dit`gns fvfcafhai jgr ygu tg usi fbn lfb ng

ncjjiribt gpirftcgbs gb stgrin tixt.

C `f i 8 i istidp6


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îst tist6 4 biw îst()?\trcbm f4 ‑Dy BFDI C\ ubobgwb—? \trcbm h4 ‑Dy Bfdi cs ubobgwb—? hggaifb tidp 4 tist6.lìloCnibtclfa(f,h)?\ystid.gut.prcbtab(tidp)?

\trcbm h Xiturb5 hggaifb Agmcl5 riturbs trui cj f fbn h fri sfdi(lfsi cbsibsctcvi), riturbs jfasi gtìrwcsi.

puhacl hggaifb lìloCnibtclfa(\trcbm f,\trcbm h){hggaifb risuat 4 jfasi?f 4 f.tgAgwirLfsi()?h 4 h.tgAgwirLfsi()?cj (f.iqufas(h)){

risuat 4 trui?}riturb risuat?

}

\L

mitAgwirLfsiNftf5 lgbvirts nftf cb gheilt cbtg sdfaa lfps.

mitNftf5 mit nftf cb gheilt

^gpcl 0, îxt

Dit`gn Bfdi5 riturbBGllurribli[frfditirs5 \trcbm s, cbt b, l`fr fXiturb5 cbt


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^gpcl 0, ^ixt

Dit`gn Bfdi5 mit\pfliLgubts[frfditirs5 \trcbm s


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6>6

^gpcl 3 \iailtin ̂ gpcls

^gpcl 3, \iailtin ^gpcls


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Lgbstrultgr

@ifp Didgry

\tflo Didgry

Lgni Xiusfhcacty

^gpcl 3, \iailtin ^gpcls

F lgbstrultgr cs f bcli wfy tg ifsi t̀ i prgliss gj cbctcfaczcbm Gheilts.

Lgbstrultgr cs eust f lafss dit`gn hut `fs spilcjcl jifturis


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6>>

\tflo didgry stgris aglfa vfrcfhais w`cl` fri gjtib stgrin jgr s`grt fdgubts gj tcdi w`cai fjubltcgb/dit`gn haglo utcaczi tìd tg lgdputi f tfso.

Ixlirptin jrgd prisibtftcgb ngbi hy L\ stunibts ft YVY _\uffn Hijfrc & Dubiirf Fa-FadfcT

Acbi 65 lgdpcair faaglftis fb fdgubt gj didgry lfaain stflo.

Acbi 85 ct stflos f biw didgry faaglftcgb gb tì tgp gj tì jcrst didgry faaglftcgb.

Didgry faaglftcgb fbn ni-faaglftcgb cs hfsin gb tì "Afst cb jcrst gut" ruai.

Acbi


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usufaay tì nijfuat pafli wìri ygu–ri ygur Bithifbs

prgeilt riscni.

8. Sgu lfb tìb sibn t`cs efr jcai tg ygur lgaaifmui.

. Sgu lfb tìb cbvgoi fby gj tì lafssis cblaunin cb

t`ft efr jcai cb ygur prgeilt sul` fs [email protected].

9. Cb ygur lgni, ygu lfb scdpay rijir tg Jcai@fbnair lafss

hy fnncbm tì cdpgrt stftidibt.

Lgni Xiusfhcacty


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6>:

^gpcl 6; Nybfdcl \tgrfmi

^gpcl 6;, Nybfdcl \tgrfmi


155/219

Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6>=


[rcdctcvi ]rfppirs

Ziltgr

FrrfyAcst


[rcdctcvi ]rfppir lafssis fri5

^`isi fri lafss virscgb gj prcdctcvi typis. Nftf stgrin cs wrfppin cb f lafss.

Jgr ixfdpai5 ^`i Cbtimir lafss cs fb gheilt gj typi Cbtimir lgbtfcbs f scbmai jcian w`gsi typi cs cbt.

[rcdctcvi


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pp

◇Hyti◇\`grt

◇Cbtimir ◇Agbm◇Jagft◇Nguhai◇Hggaifb◇L`frfltir

[rcdctcvi virsus prcdctcvi wrfppir lafssis

Dutfhai (lfb l`fbmi vfaui).

Hittir pirjgrdfbli. [rcdctcvi (bg dit`gns tg nifa wct` nftf stgrin).

Cj ygu wfbt tg lgbvirt nftf hitwiib prcdctcvi typi fbn cts lgrrispgbncbm wrfppir lafssis,

Efvf wcaa ng t`cs egh jgr ygu.

cbt c 4


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Gheilt lriftcgb Lfb stgri dcx

typis Ziltgr v 4 biw Ziltgr(8;)? FrrfyAcst f 4 biw

FrrfyAcst (8;)?

Lfpflcty 4 8;.Lfb tfoi up tg 8;iaidibts wct`gut f


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Lfpflctyspilcjcin

FrrfyAcst (8;)?biin tg ixpfbn.

Gheilt lriftcgb Lfb stgri scbmai

typi_uscbmmibircls,fnvfblin tgpclT

Lfpflctyspilcjcin

Bg biin tgtypiLfst

Ziltgr1\trcbm2 v 4 biwZiltgr1\trcbm2 (8;)?

FrrfyAcst1\trcbm2 f 4biw FrrfyAcst1\trcbm2

(8;)?

Budhir gj iaidibtsfri ;. Hut, lfpflcty cs

8;.

1\trcbm2 cs t`imibircl pgrtcgb t`ft

acdcts nftf typi. @iri,ct cs acdctin tg \trcbm

typi.

Iaidibt Fnnctcgb Ft ibn

v.fnn("x")?v.fnn("y")?

v.fnn("A")?

f.fnn("x")?f.fnn("y")?

v.fnn("A")?

Iaidibts frifrrfbmin cbscni fs

jgaagws5

PSA

Iaidibt Fnnctcgb Ft lirtfcb cbnix c

v.fnn(6,"z")? f.fnn(6,"z")?


jgaagws5PUSA

Xifn Iaidibt Ft lirtfcb cbnix c

v.mit(c)?

v.iaidibtFt(c)?

f.mit(c)? Xiturb vfaui cs

U


Irfsi Iaidibt Ft lirtfcb cbnix c

v.ridgvi(;)? f.ridgvi(;)?


jgaagws5U


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v.ridgvi(;)? f.ridgvi(;)?USA

Mit cbnix gj jcrst

fppifrfbli gj fbiaidibt

v.cbnixGj("S")? f. cbnixGj ("S")?

Xiturb vfaui cs

6

L`ilo Iaidibtixcstibli

v.lgbtfcbs("J")? f.lgbtfcbs("J")?Xiturb vfaui cs

Jfasi

Irfsi Iaidibt Gj lirtfcb vfaui

v.ridgvi("z")? f. ridgvi("z")?


jgaagws5SA

Irfsi Faa iaidibts v. ridgviFaaIaidibts()? f.ridgviFaa(f)?

\czi gj Gheilt v.sczi()? f.sczi()? Xiturb vfaui cs8[rcbt iaidibts

\ystid.gut.prcbtab(v)? \ystid.gut.prcbtab(f)?Gutput cs

_S,AT

Faagw buaa stgrfmi yis yisFaagw iaidibtsnupaclftcgb

yis yis


//Ziltgr fbn FrrfyAcst fri aglftin ubnir Efvf.utca pflofmi

//ygu `fvi tg fnn cdpgrt stftidibt


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cdpgrt Efvf.utca.Ziltgr?

//nilafri f Ziltgr t`ft lfb stgri dcxin typis

Ziltgr f 4 biw Ziltgr()?

//pgpuafti Ziltgr

f.fnn(6)? //ixfdpai gb futghgxcbm

f.nn("C fd mrift!")?

//prcbt viltgr iaidibts.

\ystid.gut.prcbt(f)?

/*tg rifn tì iaidibt ft pgsctcgb 6, typi lfstcbm cs riqucrin tg lgbvirt nftf stgrin cbtg \trcbm. ^`cs stftidibt

cs riqucrin fbn cs go hilfusi nftf stgrin wfs cbctcfaay \trcbm. Gtìrwcsi, C wguan `fvi mgttib fb irrgr ft Xub

tcdi cj nftf stgrin cs gj fbgtìr typi*/

\trcbm j 4 (\trcbm) f.mit(6)?

cbt m 4 (Cbtimir) f.mit(6)?//wcaa t`rgw f rubtcdi irrgr fs nftf ft pgsctcgb 6 cs gj typi \trcbm.


Ct cs hittir tg ristrclt tì typi gj nftf tì Ziltgr lfb stgri. ^`cs `fs tì fnvfbtfmi gj wfcvcbm (ridgvcbm) tì

biin tg ng typi lfstcbm, fbn privibt rub tcdi irrgrs. Jgr ixfdpai, cj ygu lfst vfaui ygu rifn jrgd Ziltgr

w`cl` cs \trcbm tg gtìr typi fs Cbtimir, ft rub tcdi, irrgr wcaa hi t`rgwb. \pilcjycbm tì typi gj nftf tì viltgr


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Dit`gn Bfdi5 mitXgws[frfditirs5 \trcbm _ T f, \trcbm s Xiturb5 Ziltgr1\trcbm2


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Ziltgr1\trcbm2 v 4 biw Ziltgr1\trcbm2()?

\trcbm_ T f 4 {"f`din" , "dgbf","Xfsìn"}?

v 4 tist6. mitXgws (f, "gb")?

\ystid.gut.prcbtab(v)?

}

Xiturb5 Ziltgr1\trcbm2Agmcl5 riturbs tì rgws t`ft lgbtfcbs tì s strcbm

puhacl Ziltgr1\trcbm2 mitXgws(\trcbm_ T f, \trcbm s){

Ziltgr 1\trcbm2 risuat 4 biw Ziltgr1\trcbm2()?jgr (cbt c4;?c1f.aibmt`c++){

cj (f_cT.cbnixGj(s)!4-6){

risuat.fnn(f_cT)?

}} riturb risuat?}

\\


Dit`gn Bfdi5 mit@cmìstB\lgris[frfditirs5 Ziltgr 1Cbtimir2 ixfds cbt b


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[frfditirs5 Ziltgr 1Cbtimir2 ixfds, cbt b Xiturb5 cbtAgmcl5 riturbs suddftcgb gj tì `cmìst b slgris cb ixfds.

]rcti

efvf lgni

]rctiîst lgni

NrfwYGGA

Gptcgbfa

NL


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^gpcl 66 [fsscbm Nftf

^gpcl 66, [fsscbm Nftf


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@frnlgncbm

[rgmrfd Frmudibts

\lfbbir Lafss


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Zfauis cb frmudibts fri sibt tg \trcbm_ T

[fsscbm vfauis fs prgmrfd frmudibts


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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6:6

[ut tì vfauis ygu wfbt tg

pfss tg tì prgmrfd

sipfrftin hy w`cti spfli.

68< f`din dg`fdin

Zfauis cb frmudibts fri sibt tg \trcbm_ T

pfrfditir gj dfcb ( ) dit`gn.

Zfauis fri pfssin fs \trcbms.

68<

f`din

dg`fdin

;

6

8

dfcb () pfrfditir

aibmt` nipibns gbbudhir gj vfauis

pfssin.

puhacl lafss îstpuhacl stftcl vgcn dfcb (\trcbm_ T s){

//wcaa prcbt f`din \ystid.gut.prcbtab(s_6T)?

}


\lfbbir, ct cs f scdpai tixt slfbbir w`cl` pfrsis

prcdctcvi typis fbn strcbms. Ct cs jgubn cb

Efvf.utca pflofmi. Ct lfb hi usin tg rifn nftf jrgd ncjjiribt sgurlis sul` fs oiyhgfrn, \trcbm


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p m y , m

fbn jcais.

\lfbbir s 4 biw \lfbbir (\ystid.cbc)?

s 4 s.usiNiacdctir "5" ?

Gheilt gj typi lafss \lfbbir flts acoi

gpibcbm f pcpi tg rilicvi f strifd gjnftf. \ystid.cbc flts acoi tì tfp, tì

sgurli gj strifd, oiyhgfrn cs tì nijfuat.

Fbfagmy

Fnncbm f niacdctir acoi fnncbm f dfro tg

ncvcni strifd gj nftf cbtg ncjjiribt pfrts

w`cl` C lfb nifa wct` ifl` fagbi. \lfbbir

wcaa sifrl` jgr tìsi dfros w`cai lìlocbm

tì strifd.

]ìb tì tfp hiscni cs gpibin, strifd wcaamg t`rgum` tì pcpi tg jcaa up tì huloit. ^fpiwcaa hi lagsin fbn wi wcaa usi wftir fs wipaifsi, fbn jgr dgri wftir, wi gpib tì pcpiubtca wi fri sftcsjcin.

\cdcafray, s.bixt() wcaa lfusi nftf tg jagw tg jcaaup tì slfbbir hujjir, tìb f sifrl` jgr nftfhitwiib lgupai gj tgoibs cs ngbi. Cj sul`nftf cs bgt jgubn, dgri nftf cs rifn tg ripaflitì nftf cb hujjir, fbn sifrl` lgbtcbuis.

^ì hujjir ngisb–t biin tg hi jcaain up cj tìstrifd cs gj f acttai fdgubt. Ixfdpai, ygu

ibtirin sdfaa fdgubt gj nftf.

s.bixt() dfy haglo (wfct jgr dgri nftf tg hi suppacin)

ubtca dfro cs jgubn cb strifd. Lìlocbm jgr dfrohimcbs wìb ygu priss ‑ibtir—? t`cs cs tì lfsi cj t ì

oiyhgfrn cs tì sgurli gj tì strifd.


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Ait us `fvi jiw ixfdpais tg nidgbstrfti prfltclfa usfmi gj \lfbbirs. @gw lfb wi ripafli

gur `frnlgnin styai tg tist dit`gns wct` t`i \lfbbir styai7



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Jcrst Inctcgb [fmi 6:>



nguhai_ T nftf4 {36,86,8,


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puhacl stftcl vgcn dfcb(\trcbm_ T r) {

\lfbbir s 4 biw \lfbbir(\ystid.cb)?

cbt nftf4;?ng {

\ystid.gut.prcbtab("Ibtir f biw budhir, i

No Frills on Java Intro 1.0

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