No 1/99 May

Similarity and differencein the Nordic countries

Similarity and difference 1Men’s Studies 2Gendered Traditions and Sexual Acts 4New Research Initiatives at NIKK 6NIKK on the Net 8NIKK at Women’s Worlds 1999 9A Bird’s Eye on Women’s Studies 10Gender and Violence Research 11News from the Nordic Region 13Center Presentations 15Gender in EU-Research 16

Gender Issues in Academia 18AOIFE news 20Simone de Beauvoir 21Nordic Co-operation on Equality 22Networking 23Calls for papers 25Is there a Nordic Feminism – review 26New publications 28Calendar 1999-2000 29Addresses 32

Table of Contents

NIKKpresents her

special News-issuefor Women´s Worlds!

A recent and important outcome ofa joint Nordic Women’s Studiesproject, is a book published thisspring on gender and politics, withthe title Likestilte demokratier? (ed.by Bergqvist et al. 1999).1 Theopening chapter describes acommon image of one “Norden”that is often encountered abroad —with politically accomplishedwomen working for peace, welfareand equality. This image canpartially be attributed to the highpercentage of women within politicsand the workforce, and a strongwelfare sector of care and service inthe Nordic countries. The bestknown exemplifications of the factthat women are no longer consid-ered exceptions in top level politicalpositions are former Prime Ministerof Norway, Gro Harlem Brundtlandand Vigdis Finnbogadóttir, thePresident of Iceland for 16 years.

The Nordic countries consist of thefive sovereign states of Denmark,Finland, Iceland, Norway and

the highest in the Western world. InDenmark, Norway and Sweden, arealso relatively advanced in terms oflegal provisions that protect therights of homosexuals and lesbians.

Yet the picture painted of the Nordiccountries is often incomplete andtoo rosy; education and the labourmarket remain gender segregated, awage gap still exists, and politics ismainly a man’s world. Equal oppor-tunity policies are not framed inways radically different from thoseof other Western industrialisedcountries. Sexualized violence aswell as discrimination of homosexu-als and lesbians are also realities inthe Nordic countries.

In the book Likestilte demokratier,the focus is mainly on the politicalmobilization of women, policies ofcare for small children and theinstitutionalisation of policies forequal opportunity. Among theimportant findings is that the Nordiccountries differ from each othermore than we tend to think. This ishardly surprising for those who have

Sweden. They represent a totalpopulation of 24 million, rangingfrom Iceland’s 250 000 to Sweden’s8 million. Not only geographyconnect these countries. The Nordiccountries are known for being, andindeed are relatively homogeneous.Numerous comparative studies haveunderlined their historic, socio-economic, cultural, religious andlinguistic similarities. They all havetraditions of strong popular move-ments, strong support for socialdemocracy, ideas of equality, a closerelationship between state andsociety and a relatively strongwelfare state. There is a longtradition of co-operation betweenthe Nordic countries, both on agovernmental level and betweenorganisations and citizens.

In earlier research, the Nordiccountries have been characterisedas “woman friendly welfare states”,“caring states” and “state femi-nism”. Women’s participation in bothpolitics and the work force is among

News from NIKK 1/99

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What is NIKK?NIKK, the Nordic Institute forWomen’s Studies and GenderResearch, is an interdiscipli-nary, Nordic research institu-tion financed by the NordicCouncil of Ministers.

NIKK:• serves as a platform for co-

operation for Women’sStudies and Gender Re-search in the Nordic coun-tries

• promotes, initiates, co-ordinates and informs aboutWomen’s Studies andGender Research in the fiveNordic countries andinternationally

• conducts research projects

been active in Nordic milieus for awhile. This can be illustrated in arange of policy areas. For example,the criminalization of men who buysex is an item on the current Norwe-gian political agenda. In Sweden, alaw was passed last year making itillegal for men to buy sex fromprostitutes. Denmark did theopposite by decriminalizing prostitu-tion as an occupation (thoughbuying sex from prostitutes lessthan 18 years old is illegal).

Instead of talking about a singleprofile of equal opportunities andgender policies in the Nordiccountries, the authors of the bookdraw a many-facetted picture of fivedifferent models, one in eachcountry. The more one goes in todetail and the longer one analyses,the more the differences among thefive countries become apparent.

The fact that Denmark is differentfrom the other countries concerningpolicies of equal opportunity haspartly to do with its membership inthe European Union since 1972. YetDenmark is also a society with arelatively high degree of liberalism,contributing to the resistancetowards regulations and a radicalpolicy of equal opportunities. Equalopportunities debates were put onthe agenda by a strong grassrootswomen’s movement in the seven-ties, but the weakening of thismovement have resulted in theseissues having lower priority today.Sweden and Norway have the mostinstitutionalized equal opportunitiespolicies, with Finland and Icelandfalling somewhere in between.Another example of differencesbetween the Nordic countries is thathigh percentages of women ingovernment only apply to Norway,Sweden and Finland. On the otherhand, public care for small childrenis better in Sweden and Denmarkthan in the other countries.

The book charted new territory inthat it included analysis of the threeautonomous territories of the FaroeIslands and Greenland (both Danish)

and the Åland Islands (Finnish).These islands are very different fromone another in terms of gender andpolitical issues. Compared with theirmother countries, women in theseareas have been politically mobilizedmuch later, as did the establishmentof an equal opportunities machinery.

Likestilte Demokratier is the out-come of one out of many jointNordic research projects withinWomen’s Studies since the lateseventies. Many disciplinary andcross-disciplinary Nordic researchnetworks have been built up, andconstitute informal settings for theNordic co-operation within the field.NORA, the Nordic Journal ofWomen’s Studies, published inEnglish since 1993 is another keyplayer in the Nordic Women’s co-operation arena. The Nordic Asso-ciation for Women’s Studies andGender Research was establishedpartly as a publishing association forNORA in 1994 and does networkingin the field. NIKK, founded in 1995as an institute with an important co-ordination and networking mandate,has the task of inspiring people andorganisations in the Nordic Women’sStudies community to take part inand further promote co-operativeinitiatives. For us, this book is a richsource of knowledge, and providesinput to and inspiration for futureresearch, debates and other activi-ties inside and outside of NIKK.Likestilte demokratier underlines theneed for analyses of both theinstitutionalized and the non-institutionalized political system.The importance of bringing analysesfurther by drawing attention todifferences between women (interms of ethnicity and disabilities,for example) and the need for moreresearch on the role of men areemphasized in the book. It also callsfor an analysis of the effects ofEuropean integration on genderrelations and democracy.Similarities between the Nordiccountries constitute an importantfoundation for the various forms ofcontemporary Nordic collaboration.Differences do not undermine this

collaboration. On the contrary, theyconstitute important challenges andinspirations for both research andpolicy making.

Fride Eeg-Henriksen

1 Likestilte demokratier?Kjønn og politikk i Norden.Christina Bergqvist huvudred.Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1999.An English edition/translation entitledEqual Democracies? Gender and Politicsin the Nordic Countries will be publishedin autumn 1999.

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News from NIKK 1/99

Men’s Studies in the Nordic countriesMen’s Studies and gender equalityresearch on men has a tradition inmost of the Nordic countries and thefield has been developed in variousways through different periods ineach country. It began in Denmark inthe 1970s, all the 1980s, Swedendominated the field. In the 1990s,most of the Men’s Studies-relatedactivities have been in Norway andSweden. During the last years somesteps have also been taken topromote Men’s Studies in Icelandand Finland.

In 1989, Norwegian researcherscreated a Network for Studies ofMen which has since been a centralpromoter of the field. The networkpublishes a newsletter and edits awebsite. It has recently published anoverview of relevant publicationswithin Men’s Studies in Norway (inNorwegian Mannsforskning i Norge).This publication demonstrates thegrowth of the field despite smallresources. It can be ordered fromthe Norwegian Research Council.

At the University of Karlstad inSweden, researchers are building adatabase on researchers andresearch projects in the field ofMen’s Studies in the Nordic coun-tries.

In addition, all the Nordic countrieshave a contact person for Men’sStudies. See the Addresses p. 35.

Men’s Studies CoordinatorThe growing demand for research-based knowledge and informationon men and masculinities was theprimary impetus for the recentestablishment of the new position aNordic Co-ordinator for Men’sStudies. With this position, theNordic countries have proventhemselves as pioneers in the Men’sStudies field. One can hope that theregion will continue to play a keyrole in promoting and enhancing thisarea of study and inquiry on aninternational scale.

On the global levelIASOM, The International Associa-tion for Studies of Men is an inde-pendent researchers’ initiative aimedat developing Men’s Studies on theglobal level. Through an interna-tional discussion in 1993, it wasdecided that IASOM would bebased on a revised version of theNordic network model. The IASOMplatform supports studies of men ingender-egalitarian, pro-feminist orcritical perspective, as well as”male-positive” focus. IASOMemphasizes dialogue and diverseresearch based on this platform.IASOM publishes a newsletter andhave its own website, edited inNorway. More information aboutIASOM can be found on its website:www.ifi.uio.no/~eivindr/iasom

International publications areimportant for the new field. IASOMsupports the new journal Men andMasculinities published by Sagewith Michael Kimmel as editor.

Other important international tasksfor the new Co-ordinator include co-operation with the new EUProfeminist Men’s Network as wellas other groups and networks onregional and international levels.

Øystein Gullvåg Holter

The primary goal of the co-ordinatorposition is to advance Men’s Studiesin the region. This includes the needto strengthen the links betweenMen’s Studies and Women’s Stud-ies, integrate Men’s Studies withrelevant areas of Women’s Studiesand Gender Research, and contrib-ute to co-operation in the Nordiccountries and the adjacent areas,throughout Europe and in otherparts of the world.

The Co-ordinator will also collabo-rate with the Secretariat of theNordic Council of Ministers incarrying out the research-relatedaspects of the NCM’s ”Plan ofAction” on men and equality. ThePlan of Action is part of the activitiesfor implementing the co-operationprogramme to NCM, running from1995-2000. Among other things, theplan proposes the creation of expertgroups, development of new areasof co-operation and evaluation,book projects, conferences andnetworks. The Co-ordinator will bebased at NIKK from 1999-2001.

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Gendered Traditions and Sexual Acts- a high risk affairNIKK’s Living for TomorrowProjectThe NIKK Living for Tomorrowproject takes its point of departurefrom the belief that inadequateengagement with issues of gender isone of the key causes of the limitedsuccess of sex education work withyouth in the West. The project hopesto stimulate new levels of debate onthe problematising of gender issuesin preventive sexual health educa-tion strategies with young people inBaltic, Nordic and European con-texts. The urgency of more effective,more youth-engaging sexual safetywork is internationally paramounttoday. Living for Tomorrow tookshape in response to the genderissues that lie at the heart of theHIV/AIDS epidemic. The project hasbeen designed to raise criticaldiscussions of social and culturalconceptions of masculinity andfemininity, along with inter-activemethods of participation.

The project in briefThe Living for Tomorrow is a three-year development and researchproject based at NIKK (1998-2001)and carried out in Estonia. The firstphase of the project was “capacitybuilding” training sessions, whereparticipants worked to devise newstrategies and methods of ap-proaching issues of sexual safetyand gender that actively engageyoung people. These methodsprovided the starting point forsexual health workshops withEstonian teenagers. In turn, theteenagers will develop informationtools and resources that take upissues of gender and sexual health,such as videos, booklets andleaflets.

Living for Tomorrow draws onexisting research on gender andsexual issues, including Baltic,North West Russian, Nordic and

international research on HIV/AIDSprevention and gender. An importantresearch aspect of the project is thecollection of comparative data onyoung people’s attitudes aboutgender differences, sexual behav-iour and health. This all helps toinform the project’s processes aswell as provide material for futurestudies and comparative analyses.

The project has been set up with theintention of spawning innovativeresearch and development projectsand future gender-focused, collabo-rative youth initiatives around thesetopics in the Baltic and Nordiccounties and elsewhere in Europe.

Challenges ofinertia and indifferenceWhile erratic media coverage lulls usinto lack of concern about HIV,UNAIDS data chart that 50 millionpeople have contracted the virussince it was identified and that HIVis currently infecting 6 million peopleworldwide every year. Infectionsoccur overwhelmingly by sexualtransmission (90% heterosexual)and half of all new infections occuramong young people aged 15 to 24.Deeply affecting health, theeconomy, and countless personallives, the AIDS epidemic is cited asone of the greatest threats to globaldevelopment today.

In spite of the fact that sex educa-tion has expanded since the rise ofthe AIDS epidemic, the success ofsafer sex education in WesternEurope has been limited. UNAIDSrecords that North America andWestern Europe have showndisturbing lack of progress inprevention. HIV infection rates haveremained unchanged for a decadeand studies reveal disturbing trendsamong youths, such as the recentdramatic increase of chlamydia andunexpected levels of HIV infection

among teenage girls in the UK orpersistent inadequate condom useamong sexually active youngNorwegians.

Post-soviet countries struggle withrising HIV and other sexuallytransmitted infections, vulnerableeconomies, limited education andhealth resources and the relativenewness of gender-focussedconcerns. These circumstances,linked to Nordic prioritising of youth,health and gender equality, newlyactivated dialogues with Baltic andN.W. Russian neighbours, and theimplications of increased businessand leisure mobility across nowvisa-less borders frame the NIKKLiving for Tomorrow project inimportant ways.

With gender at its heartThe NIKK project is employingstrategies that activate criticalquestioning of social traditions andexpectations about gender differ-ences, such as assumptions about‘natural’ masculine and femininebehaviours that normalise high-risksexual behaviours. It also is workingto prioritise less hierarchical, moreinteractive processes of involvementof young people – with questions ofthe embodiment of genderedsexuality at the heart of its work. Itdraws attention to how gendersystems are social, cultural andhistorical and changing, thereforechangeable. This locates thepossibility and significance ofquestioning and changing(gendered) sexual behaviours thatlead to damage consequences –including AIDS, other sexuallytransmitted diseases, unwantedpregnancies, abortions and sexualviolence.

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News from NIKK 1/99

Youth workshopsA “core group” from the CapacityBuilding committed themselves towork on the next phase - preparingand implementing workshops withteenagers that would take up genderissues and these participatorystrategies. Twenty-five teenagers,half from Russian and half fromEstonian families (reflecting theactual population in Tallinn), tookpart in 8 daylong workshops inTallinn in Spring 1999. Theseinvolved all kinds of active learningactivities on sexual information andgender beliefs and assumptions,with energising input from theatergroups from the US and UK. Theteenagers will make self-filmedvideos of daily youth culture andinterviews on sexual health withpublic figures, a sexual safetybooklet and a ‘sex & gender’English/Estonian/Russian vocabu-lary leaflet.

Key collaborative processesThe project is designed and co-ordinated by Jill Lewis at NIKK, withkey collaboration with The AIDSPrevention Centre, Tallinn; TheCentre for Health Education andResearch, Canterbury, UK; AIDSPrevention Lithuania; and TartuUniversity. Researchers in Norway,Sweden and Finland, Russia,Lithuania, England, the Netherlands,Australia and the US are in advisorydialogue with the project. Input fromWomen’s Studies and genderresearchers at universities in Estoniahas been crucial. ‘Satellite’ collabo-rations with Lithuania and St.Petersburg have been consolidated,keeping alive the project’s transfer-ability possibilities. Collaborativearticles will be written on variousaspects of the project during andfollowing the project. One outcomefrom these collaborative processesis the ‘core group’s’ decision to formthemselves into an NGO to continueLiving for Tomorrow work on gender,sexual health and Estonian-Russianintegration with young people inEstonia.

Opening doors for the futureLiving for Tomorrow is taking onhuge and complex challenges,bringing people together fromdifferent age groups, countries,cultural and ethnic backgrounds,sexual preferences and experiences,and working with ideas aboutgender to discuss very personal,sensitive and serious social topics.Yet in the face of these challenges,the project has proven enormouslyfruitful so far. In a cross-cultural,Western/Post-Soviet/Estoniancontext, the project is attempting toquestion gender beliefs and behav-iours that lead to damage conse-quences in lives and relationships,and help limit HIV infection throughsexual health risk behaviours. Theproject co-ordinators have beenamazed at the strong collaborativeenergies and unexpected learningprocesses on all sides that theproject has generated. Theseprocesses seemed to be opening upvaluable “doors” of collaboration,dialogue, research links and newideas. The project is mobilising asense of the importance of youngpeople’s active involvement andagency in sexual safety and genderdebates, with important links to theunderpinnings of wider concerns forgender equality in the future.For more information on the project,see NIKK’s website.

Jill Lewis

Living for Tomorrow’s central ideasare that:

• What we DO sexually depends onwhat we think and believe aboutmasculine and feminine social andsexual positionings that are‘naturalised’ by the culturalinfluences around us

• ‘Traditional’ differences betweenmen and women (articulated oftenin economic, legal, political andsexual division of labour terms)have a consequence of ‘naturalis-ing’ high risk sexual behaviours.

• In order to change behaviour,information about sexual safety,risk, and pleasure need to belinked to better information andcritical analysis and debate about‘traditional’ gender positionings.

The project invites participants toexamine contexts and expectationsthat frame sexual behaviours, thusactivating new ways of questioningthat can offer different conceptionsof safety within sexual relationships.

Action processes “Capacity Building” TrainingThe first phase of the project tookplace in November 1998, when theCapacity Building training sessionswere mounted in Tallinn, Estonia.The 31 participants came fromstudent, sex education, teaching,social work and HIV preventionbackgrounds- mostly from Estonia,with some from Lithuania andRussia. Gender researchers, sexeducators and drama peoplecontributed. The 6 days of sessionsexplored research on Estonianyouth, critical studies looking atgender and body and sex images inthe Estonian media and recentinternational research on HIVprevention with young people. Theparticipants were engaged in avariety of active learning, participa-tory activities, such as an interactiveproblem-solving workshop, discus-sions with people living with HIV/AIDS and performing “body work”with actors from New York. A videowas made from the sessions.

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New Research Initiatives at NIKKBetween rhetoric and practiceBetween Rhetoric and practice:Public and private conceptions ofmodern gender equality politics inthe Nordic countries

Gender equality politics has a com-paratively long history in the Nordiccountries, which have been quiteambitious in this area relative tomost other countries. Over theyears, substantial gains have beenmade in several areas of social life.In conjunction with such advances,major changes in mentality andrhetoric have occurred over ahistorically fairly short time. Inparticular, these changes are evidentin the ways gender equality is talkedabout and conceptualised. In thisprocess, sex/gender seems to havelost at least some of its power tostructure political and privateagendas and understandings. Whenasked, a large majority of the citi-zens in the Nordic countries todayprofess to have very positiveattitudes towards greater genderequality. However, correlationsbetween rhetoric and practice areseldom perfect, and the field ofgender equality politics is noexception. In this matter, as well asin many others, the Nordic countriesare far less similar to one anotherthan the outside observer may atfirst discern. Many different concep-tions of gender actively contribute tovaried patterns of rhetoric andpractice. We see this as represent-ing an important field of study thatfeminist researchers in the Nordiccountries are at present approach-ing from various angles.

From rhetoric to daily practiceIn the second phase of the projectwe will try to bridge the gap be-tween rhetoric/ideology and indi-viduals’ daily practices and ongoingidentity formation in relation tomeanings of gender and genderequality. Here, emphasis is placedon the different ways people – menand women in all walks of society –make sense of the political dis-courses and rhetorical messagesabout the meanings of gender thatthey encounter in their daily lives ascitizens in the five Nordic countries.The preferred methods and materi-als at this stage will be interviews.The interviews will be conductedwith individuals, couples andgroups, using the findings in the firstphase to generate issues andquestions.

The project has gathered a Nordicreference group consisting of EvaMagnusson, NIKK; Maud Eduards,Department of Political Science,Stockholm University, Sweden;Harriet Silius, Institute for Women’sStudies, Åbo Akademi University,Finland; and Dorte MarieSøndergaard, Department ofPsychology, Roskilde University,Denmark. The project group for theactivities of the first year consists ofEva Magnusson, NIKK (co-ordinator); Anne Maria Holli, Depart-ment of Political Science, Universityof Helsinki , Finland; MalinRönnblom, Department of PoliticalScience, Umeå University, Sweden;and Guro Karstensen, NIKK.

Scrutinizing Nordic genderequality rhetoricThe Nordic research project Be-tween rhetoric and practice:changes in public and privateconceptions of modern genderequality politics in the Nordiccountries is now in its initial phase.It will look at the varieties of genderequality rhetoric in the Nordiccountries, with an emphasis on theircontexts and consequences on anindividual as well as a collectivelevel, and with a particular focus onhow these levels are connected.

The first phase of the projectfocuses on major political playerssuch as political parties, labourunions, local and central govern-ment agencies and other importantorganisations in each of the Nordiccountries. Documents issued bythese entities on gender equality,such as legal texts, commentaries,party programs and journal articlesetc., will be analysed. The analysesare based on discursive methodol-ogy and highlight the different typesof ideologies and discourses thatinform political actions and debates.Especially important to trace are, forexample, variations in the underlyingconceptions of gender; variations inthe weights and kinds of meaningsgiven to sex and gender; the waythese variations may becontextualized. For instance, in theNordic countries, consensus-oriented ideologies based on‘gender-neutral’ conceptions havebeen prominent in many fields,competing with an orientationtowards gender as ‘difference’.Rhetorical traditions, habits and‘tricks’, and their discursive andpractical consequences, will also beanalysed. In addition, the project willfocus on patterns of gender-politicaldiscourses and types of rhetoriccompared between the five Nordiccountries.

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News from NIKK 1/99

Gender, power and psychologyNIKK has chosen a particular angleon these questions by way of a newresearch project in a Nordic context.For several decades, the Nordiccountries have had comparativelyprogressive gender equality politicsin most areas of society, which hashad at least some influence onacademic disciplines as well. It istherefore of particular interest tostudy the gender assumptions ofmainstream psychology, as well asthe roles and functions of main-stream psychology in Nordicsocieties. A key aspect of this is tosee in what ways the Nordic coun-tries differ from other countries.Many other questions will be on theproject’s agenda. It will begin on afairly small and exploratory scale,proceeding in several stages.

The project’s first stage will beepistemological, looking at how theseveral psychological sub-disci-plines conceptualise gender— intheories, teachings and practices.Essentialist versus constructionistconceptualisations will be in focus,as well as their consequences forpsychology’s ‘consumers’. In itssecond stage, the project aims todevelop a feminist sociology ofpsychology as a science/disciplinein a Nordic context. Areas of studywill be practices, relations, competi-tion and power in the creation andmaintenance of psychology as adiscipline, as these issues relate tomeanings of gender in psychologicaltheory and practice.

A Nordic reference group has beencreated, consisting of EvaMagnusson, NIKK (Co-ordinator);Mona Eliasson, Centre for FeministStudies, University of Uppsala,Sweden; and Hanne Haavind,Department of Psychology, Univer-sity of Oslo, Norway. Importantassistance with and dialogue on thisproject will be also provided byNIKK’s Nordic network of feministpsychologists and researchers inpsychology.

Eva Magnusson

Gender, power and pcychology inthe Nordic countries: A call todisciplinary reflexivity

Mainstream psychology as anacademic discipline and profession- in the Nordic countries andelsewhere - is known amongfeminist researchers as unusuallyresistant to feminist criticism,although such criticism has beenrepeated over the years. Thisresistance makes psychology a fieldof special interest for those inter-ested in the sociology and history ofscientific ideas and practices,especially as related to gender. To alarge degree, this is so becausepsychology is also an importantideological force in modern soci-ety— as seen, for instance, in thegrowth of the psychological profes-sions and in the big business thatpopular psychology has become inWestern countries. There is there-fore every reason to presume thatpsychology contributes greatly tocreating and maintaining genderedidentities and subjectivities inmodern society. For feminists, thereis every reason to continue toinvestigate this influence fromseveral angles.

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NIKK on the NetNIKK has been online since it’s startin September 1995. However, duringthe years, our website has beenrenewed and expanded regularly.Today, the NIKK website offers awide range of updated information,both in English and theScandinavian languages. We highlyrecommend that you visit ourwebsite — an avenue to Women’sand Gender Studies in variousregions and countries, both Nordicand international. On the websiteyou will find information about NIKKactivities, such as our researchprojects, publications and onlinedatabases, an events calendar, aswell as links to an array of relevantWomen’s Studies sites, funding-possibilities etc.

ResearchNIKK both facilitates and carries outNordic and International Women’sStudies and Gender Researchprojects that have a Nordic dimen-sion. You will find more informationabout ongoing research-projects onour website.

Online PublicationsBesides our newsletters News fromNIKK and the Scandinavian Nytt fraNIKK, we also put out reports,papers, brochures and other infor-mational material on the net. Youcan either read them online or youcan order paper versions from NIKKor directly from the website.

IT/Information ProjectsNIKK has also been involved in twoinformation projects: EuropeanWomen’s Thesaurus - an EU projectand Nordic Virtual Women’s Studiesand Gender Research Library - aNORDINFO-project.

Nordic Virtual LibraryYou can find the Nordic VirtualLibrary of Women’s Studies andGender Research via NIKK’swebsite. The virtual library is asubject-specific and quality-control-led information gateway to webresources – these could be biblio-graphical databases, databases ofexperts, overviews of archivematerial etc.

This virtual library is a collaborativeproject between libraries andinformation services in the Nordiccountries that provide informationon gender research. Virtual andsearchable resources on topicsrelated to the field are easily acces-sible through the virtual library.Unfortunately, many of thesesources are only available inScandinavian languages althoughthe biggest bibliographicaldatabases are found in English.Through co-operation and inputfrom many different entities, thevirtual library has helped to makeexisting resources more visible, butalso to focus on future developmentneeds, such as translation, qualityand content analysis.

The virtual library is a good startingpoint for researchers and othersinterested in Women’s Studies andGender Research in the Nordiccountries. It will be developedfurther and we hope that many newdigital resources are made accessi-ble this way.

Databases: EDITH & EMILJABoth EMILJA and EDITH aresearchable databases within NIKK’swebsite. EDITH and EMILJA eachhave a particular focus and targetaudience: EMILJA is primarilyWomen’s Studies and researchbased and covers the Baltic coun-tries and North West Russia. EDITHprofiles mainly women’s organisa-tions (NGOs) and includes theNordic countries and North WestRussia. Though the databases mayoverlap in respect to some data andthe kinds of users they attract, theyserve as distinct but complimentaryresources.

The online platform lends itself tostoring systematised, accessibleand comprehensive data that can beeasily up-dated and expanded.Users can also perform tailored,advanced searches according totheir particular information needs.One can find guidelines and helpwith using both of the databases ontheir respective web pages.

AOIFEThrough NIKK’s website you canaccess the website for The Asso-ciation of Institutions for FeministEducation and Research in Europe(AOIFE). Among other things, theAOIFE’s website includes updatedinformation about AOIFE activitiesand projects, membership, publica-tions and policies.

Women’s Studies LinksNIKK has a comprehensive list oflinks to Women’s Studies andGender Research-related websitesin various regions and countries,both Nordic and international.

Funding SourcesNIKK’s funding sources site includesuseful links to an array of fundingsources and grants. Some of themare specifically related to Women’sStudies and Gender Research,whereas others have a broaderfocus. Thus, the links can be ofinterest for people both within andoutside of those fields. If you don’thave access to Internet, don’t

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News from NIKK 1/99

NIKK at Women’s Worlds 1999

Besides serving as one of theconference co-organisers, NIKKwill also be actively involved in theWomen’s Worlds conferenceprogramme. Nearly all of NIKK’sstaff will be present at the confer-ence.

“The Nordic House”NIKK and the Nordic Council ofMinisters would like to invite allparticipants of the conference to“the Nordic House”, where we willprovide conference participantswith information about the Nordicregion with a special emphasis ongender research and genderequality.

“The Nordic House” is a spaceallocated to exhibit informationmaterials contributed by grass-roots organisations, nationalresearch institutions, statisticalbureau’s and gender equalityauthorities from the Nordiccountries. Representatives fromthe Nordic countries as well asEstonia, Latvia, Lithuania andNorth West Russia will provide anarray of information materials inthe Nordic House. For moreinformation on the Nordic House,see the “Nordic House” brochure(available at the WW99 confer-ence). Information co-ordinatorMaria Grönroos and consultantGuro Karstensen will be able toanswer your questions anddistribute information materialsand NIKK publications at the NIKKstand of the Nordic House.

Workshops - network meetings -postersNIKKs head of research, EvaMagnusson, will be contributing to aWomen’s Worlds workshop entitledComing to terms: Gender Talk andGendered Selves, focusing onpractices of gender seen throughdiscursive psychology. NIKKs newMen’s Studies Co-ordinator ØysteinGullvåg Holter is involved in severalworkshops on masculinity andMen’s Studies. Information special-ists Maria Grönroos and CathrineTømte are co-organisers for aworkshop on information sources onthe Internet.

NIKK houses the Secretariat forAOIFE (The Association of Institu-tions for Feminist Education andResearch in Europe). Therefore,NIKK’s Director Fride Eeg-Henriksenand Consultants Diana Anders andElisabeth Lorenzen will primarily befound at AOIFE-related activitiesduring the conference:

• A workshop on European researchfunding

• Mini-lecture/presentation of NextGenderation Network

• A workshop on use of InformationTechnology in Women’s Studiesteaching

• In addition, AOIFE and itsATHENA project will conduct aseries of meetings.

NIKKs three-year research anddevelopment project Living forTomorrow will be presented at theposter session, featuring a video ofits activities with youths in Estonia.

Maria Grönroos

hesitate to contact us, so that wecan send you a paper version ofthe site.

Calendar of EventsThe Calendar contains informationon events relevant to Women’sStudies and Gender Research bothwithin and outside the Nordiccountries. In the English version ofthe calendar, all the Nordic eventslisted are English spoken ones. Thecalendar is regularly updated.

NIKKs information service –beyond newsletters and thewebsiteNIKK is continually building upmore information about the widefield of Women’s Studies andGender Research in the Nordiccountries. Therefore, NIKK is also agood place to start if you arelooking for information related tothese topics. We have a goodoverview of research milieus,researchers, projects and more.There is an array of different typesof activities going on in the field;publishing scholarly journals,conducting international researchprojects, teaching at many levelsand in different languages, to namea few. Through NIKK you can get incontact with the right organisationsor people in the Nordic countries.Please don’t hesitate to ask us forassistance.

Not on the net?…Not being connected to the Internetdoes not mean that you are notable to utilise the information NIKKhas collected on her website. Wecan print out pages for you, answeryour questions via e-mail or evenwrite letters and handle informationrequests over the phone.

Cathrine Tømte and Maria Grönroos

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A Bird’s Eye on Women’s Studiesin the Nordic CountriesOver the last two decades Women’sStudies has expanded rapidlythroughout the Nordic region. Todaythe field is dynamic and manifold.Recently, a discussion has startedon whether Nordic Women’s Studiesis characterised by any specificcommon profile (see e.g. the reviewof ”Is there a Nordic Feminism?” onp. 26-27). Despite the obviousdiversity and variation of the form ofWomen’s Studies, certain ”Nordic”characteristics may be discerned. Ashort overview is below of some ofthe features characterising researchorientation, teaching and theinstitutionalisation of Women’sStudies in the different NordicCountries.

ResearchNordic Women’s Studies, develop-ing from the 1970s onwards, hadfirm roots in the sex roles and familyresearch of the 1960s. The sex rolesquestion spread beyond the aca-demic community and led to a livelypublic debate. Later these issueswere integrated into the politicalapparatus and developed into aninstitutionalised policy of genderequality, sometimes called NordicState feminism. Issues on genderequality in the welfare state havebeen one major focus of NordicWomen’s Studies.

Hence, there has been a concentra-tion on areas such as education,working life, politics and caring.However, more recently there is alsoa growing body of research e.g. onthe body, sexuality, identity forma-tion, and cultural and post-colonialstudies.

Undoubtedly, the specific Nordicmodel combining gender equality,state interventionism and an ad-vanced welfare state system hasgiven Nordic Women’s Studiespolitical recognition. Simultaneously,the relationship between Women’sStudies and policies of genderequality has been essential. How-ever, it can also involve pitfalls forWomen’s Studies. SometimesNordic Women’s Studies has tooeasily been seen as equivalent withand regarded as an instrument forgender equality policies.

The orientation and emphasis ofNordic Women’s Studies hasreflected the anchorage of thisresearch in the specific socio-political reality and cultural traditionsof the Nordic countries. The earlydevelopment of Nordic Women’sStudies was also closely tied tograss-roots feminism — a relation-ship that has been both fruitful and

tension-ridden. Simultaneously,there are inter-Nordic differenceswith respect to the goals, strategiesand alliance policies of the Women’sStudies movements in the individualcountries. In addition, the develop-ment of Women’s Studies hasreflected the different academictraditions and scholarly orientationsin the Nordic societies.

As elsewhere, Nordic Women’sStudies has been influenced by thepost-modernist and post-structural-ist challenges to the paradigms of“modernist” feminism in recentyears. Today there is considerabletheoretical diversity and breadth ofideas in Nordic feminist thought andit has become impossible to point toany clearly dominating theoreticaldirections or scholarly agendas.

Teaching and EducationIn all Nordic countries, teaching andeducation in Women’s Studies hasbeen both integrated into thetraditional disciplines and depart-ments and organised in autonomousand inter-disciplinary units within theuniversities. The development has,however, been somewhat variedacross the Nordic region. In Norwayand Iceland, teaching of Women’sStudies as a module, or part of anundergraduate degree has recentlystarted at some universities,whereas the other Nordic countrieshave longer traditions in this re-spect.

Nordic Women’s Studies has nothad the status of a major degreesubject for undergraduate orgraduate degree programmes, suchas in the United States, for example.Students have instead majored inthe traditional departments andspecialised in Women’s Studies aspart of their “mainstream” degree.Women’s Studies has instead beenoffered as a minor or subsidiary

What isNORA?Nordic Journal of Women’sStudiesNORA is an interdisciplinaryjournal of Women’s Studies,published in English.Emphasis is placed on showinga Nordic profile in feministresearch. NORA aims todiscuss and examine therealities and myths of women’slives in the Nordic countries,historically and today. At thesame time NORA is interna-tional in scope, offering a forumfor theoretical debate, dialogueand information on research ofgeneral interest to feministscholars and scientists.

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subject in many Nordic universities.The situation is, however, currentlyundergoing some change. Forexample, at the University ofStockholm, Women’s Studies hasbeen granted the status of a majorsubject and at the University ofJyväskylä, Women’s Studies can beincluded in a so-called Joint Degree.The issue is currently discussedelsewhere in the Nordic countries aswell.

Organisation and ResourcesWomen’s Studies has been institu-tionalised and has gained a firmfoothold in all Nordic countries.Research and teaching in Women’sStudies is organised both withinspecial units and integrated withinthe university disciplines anddepartments. Today Women’sStudies is conducted at practicallyall Nordic institutions of higherlearning, represented by more thanthirty university centres and net-works. Since the 1980s the field hasbecome increasingly institutional-ised via the centres for Women’sStudies. Simultaneously, moreWomen’s Studies scholars havebeen appointed to professorial andtenured positions, and research inthe discipline has gradually becomerecognised in the academic commu-nity.

In the Nordic countries Women’sStudies has been characterised by asystem of public funding andpolitical backing. Specific to theNordic countries has been nationalco-ordination bodies for Women’sStudies. Early on in Norway andFinland, national co-ordinators wererespectively appointed to a unitwithin the Norwegian ResearchCouncil and the Council for Equalitybetween Women and Men inFinland. Recently in Norway, therehave been on-going discussions ofpartially moving national co-ordina-tion tasks to KILDEN – Informationand Documentation Centre forWomen’s and Gender Research inNorway, a semi-autonomous unitfunded by the Norwegian ResearchCouncil. In Denmark, national co-

ordination has been in existence andfunded by the Danish ResearchCouncil since the mid-1980s, and inSweden a national Secretariat forGender Research was founded in1998. Thus, the Nordic countrieshave gradually moved towardsrelatively similar models of organis-ing of women’s and gender studies,combining initiatives on the localuniversity level with co-ordinatedsupport systems on a national level.

Denmark and Finland have nationalscholarly associations in Women’sStudies. Cross-national, national,and local non-governmental organi-sations in Women’s Studies have animportant role as counter-forces insocieties that in other respects arestrongly state-oriented, i.e. wherethe state has been regarded as acentral means towards certainpolitical ends. These NGOs areimportant also for scholars andstudents who are not formallyassociated to Women’s Studiescentres or other institutionalisedunits.

Scholarly journals in Women’sStudies are published in Denmark,Finland, Norway and Sweden, andexamples on national and localnewsletters, electronic discussionlists, web sites etc. can be givenfrom all Nordic countries. Special-ised units for documentation andinformation on Women’s Studies andGender Research have been estab-lished in Denmark, Iceland, Norwayand Sweden. They are professionallyrun libraries, archives, museums,and information service units and, inseveral cases, advanced producersof Internet-based information.

The Nordic countries have a longtradition of working together. This isalso reflected in the lively Nordiccollaboration within the field ofWomen’s Studies. This kind ofcross-national and regional co-operation, encompassing bothWomen’s Studies researchers,teachers and administrators, is quiteunique from an international per-

spective, as is also pointed out in theeditorial on pages 1-2.

Solveig BergmanÅbo Akademi University, Finlandsolveig.bergman@abo.fi

This article is based on the Summary ofthe forthcoming NIKK Report 1/99“Satsningar och samarbete: nordiskkvinno- och könsforskning under 20 år”.Ed. by S. Bergman.

What isThe NordicAssociationfor Women’s Studiesand Gender Research?The Nordic Association forWomen’s Studies and GenderResearch is an independent andautonomous non-profit organisa-tion (NGO) founded in 1994.

The Assosiation has three mainaims:• Publish the journal NORA:

Nordic Journal of Women’sStudies.

• Organize scholary confer-ences for feminist research-ers in the Nordic countries.

• Cooperate with otherorganisations and institu-tions involved in feministresearch and Women’sStudies.

Membership is open to privateindividuals as well as institutionsand organizations with a com-mitment to or interest in Wom-en’s Studies and Gender Re-search.

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Gender and Violence Researchin the Nordic Countries

Gender-relatedViolence Researchin FinlandThe Academy of Finland hasrecently agreed to finance a new,targeted research programme ongender- related violence (for 10million Finnish marks). Researchon gender-related violence isvirtually uncharted in Finland andthe decision is a “historic” one,according to Aili Nenola, Profes-sor of Women’s Studies andChair for the Research Councilfor Culture and Society at theAcademy of Finland. For the firsttime, gender-related violence isacknowledged as an area ofresearch, not just an area for thepolice and social authorities tocontend with. The three-yearprogramme will start in 2000.

The final report of the NationalPlan of Action for Promotion ofGender Equality 1997-1999established that while mostpractical prevention projects aresuccessful, there is still a needfor more theoretical work toframe such projects. Finnishresearch on gender-relatedviolence should not been seenmerely as an addition to existingresearch from other regions, butas a means of offering newperspectives and interpretationsof established theories andmethods. In Finland, women andmen are equally represented inthe workforce; women have arelatively high degree of eco-nomic independence and highlevels of education, yet violenceagainst women still abounds.This suggests that simple socio-economic explanations of thecauses of violence againstwomen are not adequate.

Liisa SavunenNational Co-ordinator ofWomen’s Studies, Finland

Issues of violence and gender arehigh on the political and researchagendas in the Nordic countries.Reforms and programmes havebeen initiated with the objective ofchanging legislation, introducingnew protective measures, preventiveactivities and treatment programmesas well as stimulating debates.Research on gender and violence isbeing carried out or under planningin most of the Nordic countries, andin some cases, this involves interna-tional collaboration. Until now,however, the opportunities forNordic co-operation and co-ordina-tion of research on these topics havebeen inadequate. Research hasmainly been in the form of projectsconducted by single researchers orin small research milieus. This hasimpeded continuity and collabora-tion and has meant extra strain onthe few researchers active in thefield. There is now, therefore, a greatneed for an overarching and collabo-rative Nordic research programme.

The Nordic Council of Ministers’(NCM) Research Sector, last yearapproved of a new overall Nordicresearch policy strategy whichencompasses a procedure forinitiating and financing new 5-yearNordic joint research programmesstarting in 2000. One of the propos-als on the year 2000 budget is for aresearch programme on gender andviolence in the Nordic countries – ajoint initiative of the NCM and NIKK.The preliminary draft budget hasallocated 3.5 millions Danish crownsper year for this issue. However, thefinal budget decisions have not yetbeen taken when this is written. Theconsiderable amount of rallyingaround these issues and receptivityof politicians at the Nordic levelsuggests that these topics arebecoming a more visible and integralpart of political and research policy.

We hope that this will help it tosecure funding for the programme inthe future.

Some of the suggested themes thatthe gender and violence programmewill explore are:

• Power, violence, sexuality asgender-specific processes

• Parenthood, gender and violence• Cultural meanings and represen-

tation of violence and gender inthe media

• Gender, violence and sexuality inminority and multiculturalcontexts

• Young men’s and women’snotions and experiences ofviolence and sexuality

• Masculinity and violence asmutually constitutive

• Evaluations of reform efforts/programmes on gender andviolence

• Public health aspects of gender,power and violence

A committee has been formed tofurther discuss the possible aimsand activities of the programme ongender and violence in the Nordiccountries. For information on theproposed programme, contact EvaMagnusson at NIKK (see last page).

Eva Magnusson and Diana Anders

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News from the Nordic RegionDenmarkGender Barriersin Higher EducationThe Gender Barriers in HigherEducation and Scholarship project isan inter-departmental researchinitiative from 1996 to 2001. Themain question raised is:Why is the number of tenuredwomen in Danish academic researchstill relatively low?

The problem is elucidated fromvarious perspectives in the four sub-projects:Project 1 follows university studentsin Danish and chemistry from thebeginning of their education throughtheir scholarly training. The potentialsignificance of gender in the inter-section with the educational environ-ment, organisational culture, peda-gogy, communication in the variousfields, and choice of academiccareer is investigated.

On the basis of anthropological fieldwork, project 2 seeks to clarify whichconcepts and cultural baggagemotivate the choice of a academiccareer, and whether gender has anysignificance for those who choosenot to pursue an academic career.

In project 3, the world of academia issubject to critical examination, andthe central question is: What is itthat creates and maintains genderinequalities in the world ofacademia?

In project 4, the self- and publicperception of the profession isinvestigated, through the analysis oftexts on research and descriptionsof professionals such as physicians,theologians and jurists.The projects are closely followed bya work- and follow-up committee,consisting of members from thecouncils of research, politicians,scholars, and interest organisations,who gather for a yearly conference.

The purpose is to continuouslyrealise the research results throughpolitical initiatives.

For more information:Hanne Nexø Jensen, Institute ofPolitical Science, University ofCopenhagen, Fax: +45 3532 3399,E-mail: tbe@ifs.ku.dk

Gender, Empowermentand PoliticsThe GEP Project is a researchprogram on gender, power andpolitics. The program considers thechanging political significance ofgender. The purpose is to researchthe interplay between changes ingender relations and genderconceptualisations, and changes tothe European models of welfare anddemocracy. An important issue isthe changed status of women inDanish democracy in the past 30years, from political dis-empower-ment to political engagement,changes which have had wide-ranging consequences, not just forwomen, but for the society as awhole. The program focuses on“empowerment” and processes ofmarginalisation based on genderand class. Moreover, there is anemphasis on tendencies towardsdifferentiation among women andmen that stem from generationaldifferences and resource inequities.

For more information:Project Co-ordinator Birthe Siim,Aalborg University, Fax: +45 98153298, E-mail: joan@i4.auc.dk

The FREJA-ProgramIn 1997, former Minister of Re-search, Jytte Hilden, earmarked 78million Danish Crowns for a re-search program with the purpose ofdrawing on the younger generationof scholars. At the same time, theaim has been to promote thevisibility of women scholars in theworld of research. The Freja-program received 327 applications

NorwayKILDENNorwegian Information andDocumentation Centrefor Women’s and Gender Research

KILDEN is an Internet-based servicefor and about feminist research inNorway. It collects relevant informa-tion from many sources and in manyforms, systematises it and distrib-utes it in Norway and abroad.KILDEN is the Norwegian word for‘source’. KILDEN was established in1998 and is financed by the Norwe-gian Research Council.

Its primary target group consists ofresearchers in the field of feministresearch, but KILDEN also servesthe central and local authorities intheir policy research, academiccommunities (including administra-tors and students), media and thegeneral public needing informationor interested in Norwegian feministresearch. KILDEN collaboratesclosely with feminist researchcommunities and seeks to enhanceclose interaction with users throughInternet activities, courses andactive public profiling. KILDENemploys four people in threepositions, in addition to a part-timeeditor of the periodicalKvinneforskning (Feminist Re-search). KILDEN’s work is dividedinto the following areas:

News magazineKILDEN is an Internet-based newsresource for Norwegian feministresearch, including presentations,reviews of and/or links to confer-

for a total sum of 2.2 billion Danishcrowns. The assessment of theapplications revealed a largenumber of very good or excellentprojects. As the funds available tothe program committee only cov-ered 3.5 % of the sum applied for,many projects were rejected.

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ences and seminars, projects,researchers and units. An importantpart of this is the calendar of events.

Overview of feminist researchOur main focus during the start-upphase has been on databases andestablishing an overview of re-sources for feminist research.KILDEN collaborates with feministresearch centres that have compiledlocal expert catalogues, but alsocollects data independently. KILDENwill provide separate overviews orprovide links to other relevantoverviews of people, projects,centres, networks, studies, archives,compilations, discussion groups,literature, periodicals, grey materialand funding options within Norwe-gian feminist research. KILDENassesses the quality of, and alsoprovides recommendations forexisting services.

The periodical KvinneforskningOne of the main tasks of KILDEN isto publish the periodicalKvinneforskning (Feminist Re-search). In addition to the hard-copyedition, parts of the periodical areavailable on the Internet.

Internet support and coursesKILDEN is an Internet-basedservice; hence a natural part of ouroperations is to provide training inthe use of the Internet on differentlevels. We offer various types ofcourses and guidance:

- Using the Internet, beginner andadvanced course

- Information technology basedresearch methods

- Criticism of Internet resources- Developing Internet-based

information/web sites

Please also see the presentation ofKILDEN on the web, Addresses pgs.32-36.

SwedenCall for more female researchersDuring a visit to the Swedish Secre-tariat for Gender Research onInternational Women’s Day, theSwedish Minister of Education,Thomas Östros called for an increasein, and greater support for femaleresearchers. He made particularreference to gender inequality inhigher education and the low repre-sentation of women with Doctoraldegrees and in top-level academicpositions. The Minister stressed theimportance of long-term strategies toencourage more women researchers,making it easier to combine familyand work life.

Gendered Research PolicyThe Swedish Secretariat for GenderResearch wrote an official statementin response to a recent report onSwedish research policy plans.Contributors to the statement wereprimarily Women’s Studies andGender Research representatives.The general consensus was that anintegrated gendered perspective inall research policy areas is needed.

In Sweden, a special committee hasthe task of integrating genderresearch into all research Councils,which are organised by thematicareas. One general concern ex-pressed by others that had com-posed similar statements was thatgender research runs the risk ofbecoming isolated from otherresearch areas with such a scheme.Though there has not been anevaluation of the committee’s workas of yet, other “mainstreaming”experiences have shown thatintegrating gender perspectivesrequires long-term strategies thatcan be adapted to suit the variousresearch areas. Thus, the Secretariatmaintained that a separate body thatsupports and monitors the integra-tion of gender in the separatecouncils is, in fact necessary. TheSecretariat stressed that the indi-vidual Councils themselves shouldprovide financial resources toimplement gender research initiatives

within their research areas. Theyalso emphasised that co-operationbetween the Committee and therespective research Councilsshould be further developed. Thelack of an overall gender andequality perspective and the biastowards research in the naturalsciences and technology in thenamed report was pointed outrepeatedly in the statement.

Gendered Power?The Swedish Secretariat for GenderResearch co-ordinated two semi-nars to discuss the results of astudy that examined the distributionof economic power and resourcesbetween men and women inSweden. Thirteen volumes of thestudy were published (1997-8) anda final report was issued in 1998.

The primary questions in focus atthe first seminar held in Januarywere : How should power andgender be researched in a state-runstudy? What are the political andscientific implications from this kindof study? Inga Persson, Professorof Economics involved with thestudy, remarked that it had helpedprovide insight into the processesand relations between the sexes, aswell as illustrate the great breadthof gender research in Sweden.During the second seminar, re-searchers involved in the studymade presentations on differentaspects of the study to politiciansand members of research councils.Comments on the study fromseminar attendants suggestedgeneral support for further researchand sharing of knowledge on thesetopics. Proposals for policychanges linked to wage differencesdid not receive support from thebodies that would be responsiblefor implementing such changes(trade unions and employersorganisations).

Lena OlsonSwedish Secretariat for GenderResearch

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LatviaCentre forGender Studies,University of LatviaThe Centre for Gender Studies wasfounded in January 1998 at theUniversity of Latvia. The CentreDzimtes Studiju Centrs (DzSC) is thefirst educational and research centrein Latvia approaching variouswomen’s and gender issues includ-ing: feminist and gender theories,women and power, women andreligion, gender and culture, womenand history, women in the politicalsphere, etc. We aim at developingan interdisciplinary educational andresearch programme, bringingtogether contributions from a widerange of disciplines across theSocial Sciences and Humanities.

The Centre participates in theongoing process of networkingWomen’s Studies and GenderStudies programmes in and aroundSouthern, Central and EasternEurope. We extensively take advan-tage of opportunities opened by theprogramme Gender and Culture atCEU, Budapest.

The Centre is a member of AOIFEand a partner in its ATHENA net-work, and is a contributor to FeminaBaltica Network. We have developedcontinual connections with Women’sStudies scholars in the Nordic andBaltic countries. Our four-year co-operation with Kristiina Institute forWomen’s Studies at the University ofHelsinki is a good example of along-term productive and fruitfulexchange program. Our co-opera-tion, for example, has resulted in thesuccessfully conducted Nordic-Baltic Research Workshop forpostgraduate students Gender andMulticulturalism in June, 1998(Latvia, Yurmala). Our co-operationwith Nordic and Baltic partners hasresulted in the organisation of theBaltic-Nordic Conference onWomen’s Studies and Gender

The Centre for Women’s Studies(Rannsóknastofa í kvennafræƒum) atthe University of Iceland in Reykjavíkwas established in 1991. A group offeminist researchers at the Univer-sity initiated the Centre, the only oneof its kind in Iceland. The Centre isan interdisciplinary institution and itsmain aims are to encourage, sup-port and co-ordinate feministresearch and disseminate researchfindings. The Centre is independentof the University’s faculties and isdirectly under the University Senate.The board consists of an interdisci-plinary group of six feminist re-searchers appointed by the Senateand the faculties. Because boardmembers come from facultiesacross the University, we have goodties to various parts of the Univer-sity.

The Centre has only one permanentstaff member. In addition, there is athree-year research position fundedby the Icelandic Research Council,which will end in the Fall of 1999.Although the Centre is small, it hasbeen quite visible and many of theCentre’s activities have beenpopular both within the universityand among people in the commu-nity. Our Thursday lunch seminars,which are held every other weekduring the academic year, havebeen particularly well-liked and haveattracted large groups — usually

IcelandCentre forWomen’s Studies,University of Iceland

between 50 and 80 people. Thesame has been true for publiclectures, conferences and work-shops offered by the Centre. InMarch, the Centre conducted a half-day seminar to celebrate the 50-yearpublication anniversary of Simonede Beauvoir’s The Second Sex.

The Centre has been active inpublishing the writings of Icelandicfeminist researchers. Most of thesehave been in Icelandic, but we havealso published a book containingabstracts in Women’s Studies whichis partly in English. So far, ourpublications have primarily been inthe Social Sciences and Humanities.

The Centre initiated a GenderStudies Program at the University ofIceland. This is an interdisciplinaryprogram, which started in 1996 andis operated jointly by the Faculties ofHumanities and Social Sciences.The program is independent of theCentre but there is good co-opera-tion between the two.

The most urgent activity for thefuture is to strengthen the Center’srole in initiating and co-ordinatingfeminist research on the nationallevel and internationally. In order todo this we need more staff at theCentre and increased funding forfeminist research, both of which theCentre is currently working on.

NIKK has been an important sourceof Nordic and international informa-tion and Cupertino for us. It isparticularly important for a smallCentre like ours to have the supportand strength of a Nordic institutelike NIKK.

Rannveig Traustadóttir,Associate Professor,Centre for Women’s Studies,University of Iceland

Centre presentations

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Gender perspectives and EqualOpportunities in EU-ResearchIn December 1998, negotiations onthe European Union’s Fifth Frame-work Programme for Research,Technology and Development (RTD)came to a close and the finalprogramme was adopted by theCommission. The Programme runsfrom 1999-2002 and is co-ordinatedby the Commission’s DirectorateGeneral (DG) XII. It is organised in toseven “Specific Programmes”,including the four Thematic Pro-grammes (Quality of life andmanagement of living resources,User-friendly information society,Competitive and sustainablegrowth, Energy, environment andsustainable development) and threeHorizontal Programmes (Confirmingthe international role of communityresearch, Promotion of innovationand encouragement of participationof small and medium-sized enter-prises - SMEs, and Improving thehuman research potential andsocio-economic knowledge base).The inclusion of gender perspec-tives and moves to increase thenumber of women participants inthe Programme’s various areas areevident in the Fifth Framework. Thiswas not the case in the previousFramework Programme, where suchperspectives and objectives werefor the most part absent.

Nordic and European WS/GRMobiliseIt is likely that the positive changesconcerning gender dimensions andwomen’s participation in the FifthFramework Programme came aboutprimarily as a result of the activeand collective efforts of individualsand groups from the Women’sStudies/Gender Research (WS/GR)and Equal Opportunities (EO) fields,as well as female researchers inother fields throughout Europe.Over the course of the last fewyears, they have pushed to makewomen’s and gender issues higher

priorities in the Programme. Peopleworking in WS/GR in the Nordiccountries played a significant role inboth initiating these efforts andbringing them to bear. It started in1995, when the Danish Associationof Women’s Studies and GenderResearch prepared a proposal,calling for a separate interdiscipli-nary Women’s Studies and GenderResearch Programme and for theintegration of these themes in thevarious Specific Programmes of theFifth Framework Programme. TheNordic Institute for Women’sStudies and Gender Research(NIKK) expanded the Danishproposal in to a broader, Nordicinitiative. In 1996, the idea wascarried further when NIKK sug-gested that AOIFE1 and WISE2

(European associations in whichNIKK was represented) continuethis work as a joint Europeaninitiative. The two associationssubsequently sent a formal requestto the Commission in 1997 toemploy the named double-strategyin the Fifth Framework; specifically,to create a separate, interdiscipli-nary programme entitled “Women,Men and Social Transformation”, aswell as incorporate a correspondinggender dimension throughout allthe parts of the Programme. Sincethen, AOIFE and WISE and othershave pursued these goals and builtupon these efforts in variousways— such as by appealing totheir national EU representativesand submitting studies and com-munications that underline the needfor greater focus on women in theProgramme.

Key Actions: Opening doors towomen and gender issuesThe concrete results of the work ofthese Women’s Studies groups aremost visible in the key action“Improving the Socio-economicKnowledge Base” within the

Research: Mapping the Situation inOctober 1998, with more than 80participants from the namedregions. The Centre was honouredto host this conference in Riga.

The Centre is also involved inpublishing activities. We are in theprocess of launching the publicationof an anthology of feminist theoriesin Latvian. We are also launching aquarterly newsletter to link issuesrelated to research and women’spractices in the country. We arestarting to publish a Latvian-Nordiccollection of articles as an introduc-tion of Women’s/Gender Studies.

In Spring of the 1998, we initiatedthe course Introduction to GenderStudies. An excellent and highlycompetent team of universitylecturers participated in this course.In the 1998 Fall term we launched acourse entitled Feminist Theory inthe USA. For the Spring Term, 1999,three courses have been planned:Gender, Religion and History,Gender in Sociology and Psychol-ogy, Feminism and Philosophy.

Our students as well as women-activists from Latvian NGOs havethe opportunity to work in theresource room of the Centre. Wecollect publications in Women’sStudies, Gender Research and onwomen’s issues in all languages. Inour resource collection you can findpublications in Latvian, Lithuanian,Estonian, English, Swedish, French,Finnish, German, Spanish, Russian,Slovenian, Ukrainian and otherlanguages. We are most interestedin creating a multi-language re-source collection for our studentsand educators, so as to have awider vision of Women’s andGender Studies/research communi-ties world-wide.

Director: Irina NovikovaCo-ordinator: Elizabete PicukaneAddress: Room 133, Raina Blvd-19,University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga,LatviaFax: +371 7 820113, e-mail:irina@acad.latnet.lv, iranovi@lanet.lv

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Specific Programme “Improving TheHuman Research Potential and TheSocio-Economic Knowledge base”.Within this key action, the genderdimension is explicitly mentioned asa priority for project proposals. TheExternal Advisory Group for thisactivity has two people from NordicWomen’s Studies and GenderResearch: Harriet Silius from Finland(nominated by AOIFE) and LenaSommestad from Sweden. This keyaction has a budget of 1280 millioneuros (7% of the total programmebudget).

Other key actions will addressgender dimensions “in a broadersense”, in that in their calls forproposals, it will be stated that thetopic “merits consideration from agender perspective”.3 Examples ofthis are: “Quality of life and manage-ment of living resources”, “The cityof tomorrow and cultural heritage”,“Cleaner energy systems, includingrenewables” and “Economic andefficient energy for a competitiveEurope”, and “Sustainable mobilityand intermodality”.

A special “Gender Watch System”has been formed by DGXII under thekey action for “Improving the Socio-economic Knowledge Base” and inconnection with the “Women andScience” initiatives described below.This new system will monitor levelsof female participation in theProgramme, collect statistics onwomen in European research andscience, facilitate dialogues with thescientific community and memberstates and keep them informed of itsfindings and progress.

Women and Science:A central focusA milestone in the events leading upto the Fifth Framework (in terms ofits gender implications) was the”Women in Science” Conference4 inBrussels in April 1998, organised bythe European Commission and itsDGXII. The under-representation ofwomen in research and science wasthe topic of conference presenta-tions and discussions. The confer-

ence provided a catalyst for women/experts from around Europe to rallyaround a topic that the Commissionitself had identified as a problemarea that should be dealt with moreaggressively in the context of theFifth Framework Programme. Theconference resulted in the EU“Communication on Women andScience- Mobilising Women toenrich European Research” (COM1999 17.2.99). Among other things,the communication describesvarious policies and activities in themember states related to womenand research, as well as providessuggestions for future policies thathelp to promote research ”by, forand about women”.

Another outcome of the “Womenand Science” Conference was theconstruction of a new database oforganisations and networks forwomen and science. Once thedatabase is completed, key personsfrom these organisations andnetworks will subsequently beinvited to attend a meeting in July1999, where strategies for bringingmore women into the Fifth Frame-work and European research will bediscussed. Professor Rosi Braidottiat Utrecht University and on behalfof AOIFE, assisted DG XII in supply-ing contacts for the database andmeeting. These networks will workwith the newly formed a smalladministrative “Women and ScienceSector” made up of women fromDGXII that will help facilitate andimplement ‘Women and Science’-related initiatives.

An activity worth noting and linkedto the “Women and Science” issue,is the European Technology Assess-ment Network’s (ETAN) new pilotaction. It is entitled “Addressing thegender balance in research policy”,established with the purpose ofdefining and evaluating policyoptions and formulating policyrecommendations for promotingwomen and science in the differentEU countries.

Women’s Participation:New targets, new expectationsThe Women and Science Communi-cation referred to above outlinedgoals for increasing the number ofwomen in European researchprogrammes and policy and specifi-cally, for the Fifth FrameworkProgramme. For example, a target isset to appoint women to 40% of thepositions on the project assessmentand peer review panels, to award40% of the Marie Curie fellowshipsto women under the Fifth Frame-work and have women representedin 40 % of the European ResearchForum. Considering the EU’s trackrecord in terms of gender imbal-ances in the area of RTD, this hasbeen viewed by many as quite anambitious undertaking and as areflection of the Commission’sincreased willingness to address theproblem. So far, there are 27%women in the Fifth FrameworkExternal Advisory Groups of theSpecific Programmes. It has beendecided that ”gender impactstudies” will be conducted in late2000 to evaluate each of the Spe-cific Programmes in terms of theirgender implications. These will beused to both give feedback on theFifth Programme at mid-term and toinform gender policy in the nextFramework Programme.

These new goals, areas of focus andinitiatives intended to improve thenumber of and attention to womenin European RTD are not limited tothe Fifth Framework Programme.The Commission has made “estab-lishing equality between women andmen” a specific task of the Commu-nity and as an objective affecting allCommunity tasks (otherwise referredto as “mainstreaming”). To this end,a Group of Equality Commissionersand a Group of GenderMainstreaming Officials in eachDirectorate General have beenestablished (1997). The aims andwork of these groups are outlined inthe “Progress report from theCommission on the follow-up of theCommunication: ‘Incorporatingequal opportunities for women and

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advisory capacities) and the kinds ofprojects that are ultimately ap-proved.

One sees more and more thenecessity of regional/internationalWS/GR co-ordinating bodies suchas NIKK and AOIFE in making animpact on European researchinitiatives and policy. They serve ascontact points for experts andorganisations throughout Europeneeding tips and information onEuropean RTD, as well as provide aplatform on which these individualsand organisations can join forces toadvocate and make claims onresearch on, by, and for women inEurope.

Fride Eeg-Henriksen andDiana Anders

1. Association of Institutions for FeministEducation and Research in Europe(AOIFE). The Secretariat of AOIFE hasbeen located at NIKK since 1997 andNIKK’s Director is represented on theAOIFE Council.

2. Women’s International Studies Europe(WISE) is based at Utrecht University, TheNetherlands. NIKK was a member of theWISE Provisional Executive Board in1995-6.

3. COM(99)76 final: “Communication onWomen and Science: Mobilising womento enrich European research”.

4. Women and Science: proceedings ofthe conference. Brussels, April 28-29.1998. Ed. by Colosimo & Dewandre.European Commission, 1999.

Gender Issuesin AcademiaInternational as well as nationalefforts to promote women inacademia and in sciences andtechnology are clearly on theincrease on the eve of the nextmillennium. News on developmentsin the Nordic countries, recentconferences on the field as well assome recent UNESCO, EU andNordic Council of Minister’s activi-ties were reported in News fromNIKK 2/1998. The UNESCO WorldConference on Science, to be heldin Budapest June 26 - July 1, 1999will also address gender issues inScience.

Women in Science- Quality and EqualityTo include gender perspective in theUNESCO World conference,UNESCO organised in 1998 severalconsultative conferences on differ-ent continents. The Europeanconference Women in Science-Quality and Equality was held inBled, Slovenia in November 1998.The conference gathered about ahundred participants from 34European and Eurasian countries.The participants - one man and onewoman from each country - were aheterogeneous group in terms ofprofessional backgrounds, and didnot easily find a common language.The group consisted of naturalscientists, social and human scien-tists, and science policy representa-tives.

The aim of the conference was, onone hand, to discuss the role ofwomen scholars in solving keyglobal problems such as populationexplosion, poverty, environmentalproblems and violence. Increasingparticipation levels of women could,according to the organisers, help tochange population explosion toreproductive health, transformenvironmental problems to sustain-able development and could assist

men into all Community policy andactivities’” (COM 1998, 122, Final).

Between Optimism and RealismThe initiatives mentioned here givecause for hope and mark a new levelof attention to women and gender inEU research policy and projects.The European Union’s main prioritiesto “strengthen the technical andindustrial base of Europe” arereflected in the corresponding biastowards industry and technology intheir programmes and policy forRTD. The increased emphasis onthe social sciences, humanities andenvironmental affairs from theFourth to the Fifth Framework -forexample, questions of citizenshipand cultural identities -can be seenas a relative progress in this context.None the less, some still point outthat the Fifth Framework Pro-gramme’s bias towards industry andtechnology overshadow thesenew developments and regretthe fact that more nationalRTD monies are being chan-nelled to EU programmes.Another “reality check” formany inclined to apply to theProgramme and benefit fromsome of some of its new priorityareas is the amount of time andresources it demands. Both prepar-ing EU applications and carrying outEU-funded activities/projects requirea great deal of administrative workand reporting and organisationalstructures must be in place tosupport that work.

Though a somewhat dauntingprocess, obtaining EU subsidies isnot impossible, and the EuropeanWS/GR community needs torecognise the importance of usingthe EU’s immense infrastructure andinfluential presence to its bestadvantage. EU support opens upopportunities in terms of networking,visibility, impact and access toresources on an international scale.It will be interesting to see how themeasures and foci of the newProgramme will affect the number ofwomen who participate (both inprojects and in decision-making and

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What isEQ-UNI list?European Networkfor Gender Equalityin Higher EducationThe University of Helsinkilaunched a new Europeanelectronic discussion list inFebruary 1998. The EQ-UNIlist, the European Network onGender Equality in HigherEducation is an outcome of theFirst European Conference onGender Equality in HigherEducation, which was held inHelsinki in September 1998. Abook based on the conference(Hard Work in the Academy.Research and Interventions onGender Inequalities in HigherEducation, Eds. PaulFogelberg, Jeff Hearn, LiisaHusu and Teija Mankkinen) isto be published by the HelsinkiUniversity Press in Summer1999.

The purpose of the EQ-UNI listis to discuss and shareinformation on gender equalityin higher education in Europefrom practical and theoreticalpoints of view. The emphasisof the list is on identifyingstrategies and good practicesfor the enhancement of genderequality in higher education.The list already has over 200subscribers from 20 countries.

To subscribe, send an emailSUBSCRIBE EQ-UNIto the email addressMAJORDOMO@HELSINKI.FI

The list moderators are LiisaHusu (liisa.husu@helsinki.fi)and Marja Nykänen(marja.nykanen@helsinki.fi)from the University of Helsinki.

essentialist and biological views onthe construction of gender inequali-ties are often taken for granted. Onthe other hand, in Eastern Europe,the proportion of women inacademia has traditionally beenvisibly higher than in the West.

In some Western European countriespromoting gender equality hasalready become an integral part ofnational science policies - the Nordiccountries, UK, Germany and theNetherlands belong to this group.UNESCO has recently started aproject on promoting gender equalityin higher education in EasternEurope, and with the 5th FrameworkProgramme for Research andDevelopment, the European Unionhas put gender issues on its sciencepolicy agenda.

The conference recommendationsincluded gendering statistics (at boththe national and international level)so that they would describe moreaccurately gender divisions andinequalities in science and research;increasing the proportion of womenin decision making positions inacademia and science policy;launching projects to attract moregirls into science and technology;funding more research on women inacademia; and supporting network-ing of women in sciences andresearch both nationally and interna-tionally. It was strongly emphasisedthat gender issues should bemainstreamed, and not marginalisedto one gender session only at theBudapest conference. The govern-ments appointed both women andmen to the national delegations tothe Budapest conference - in theUNESCO Higher Education WorldConference in Paris 1998 only 20 %of the delegates were women. Anofficial conference report is notavailable yet, but a report by Profes-sor Mary Nash, who acted as aConference Rapporteur, is availableby request: nash@trivium.gh.ub.es

Liisa HusuUniversity of Helsinki, Finland

the movement from violence intopeace and co-operation. On theother hand, the aim was also todiscuss obstacles women encoun-ter, especially in the fields of naturalscience and technology.

As both of these themes are soextensive, they did not easily fit ininto the three-day conferenceprogramme. Discussions of globalissues remained on a rather generallevel. Views on why promotinggender equality in academia andsciences is important clashed ininteresting ways; the organisersstressed the global problemsperspective, whereas severalparticipants were more interested inpragmatic issues such as sharinginformation on the problems womenencounter in academia and onattempts to improve gender equalityin science.

There is at least a wide consensus ininternational agreements andpolicies that gender issues have tobe increasingly taken into account insolving urgent global issues. Also, itis widely recognised that women’sexpertise is currently under-utilisedin searching for solutions to theseproblems. This is obviously onereason why more women areneeded in scientific work and indecision making positions inacademia, but by far not the onlyone. One can argue that womenneed not promise to save the worldin order to be entitled to scientificcareers.

Formal obstacles in women’sscientific careers have been re-moved in most parts of the world,but there is still a long way to gotowards real gender equality inacademia. This discrepancy be-tween de jure and de facto genderequality is understood and concep-tualised very differently in differentparts of Europe. In Western Euro-pean countries these issues havebeen on the agenda - at least infeminist circles - for over twentyyears, whereas in Eastern Europethe discussion is beginning and

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NEWS NEWS

What is ATHENA?ATHENA is AOIFE’s primary projectthus far, and stands for the Ad-vanced Thematic Network in Activi-ties in Women’s Studies in Europe.In 1998, ATHENA was approved asan official network of the EU Socra-tes programme. Some 50 institu-tions/universities from aroundEurope are involved in this 3-yearproject (1998-2001). The twothemes of the project are EuropeanCurriculum Development and Use ofInformation Technologies (ITC) inWomen’s Studies Teaching. Some ofthe outcomes of the project will be areport on degrees in Women’sStudies and professional outlets forstudents, an evaluation report ofEuropean Women’s Studies teachingbooks, an advanced EuropeanWomen’s Studies text book, an on-line database containing courseinformation and tools for designingITC courses, as well as a manual onthe use of ITC in Women’s Studies.

For more information on ATHENA,visit its website http://www.let.uu.nl/womens_studies/athena/what.html#Whatisor contact Esther Vonk at ATHENACentral Coordination, UtrechtUniversity, International OfficeWomen’s Studies, Trans 10, 3512 JKUtrecht, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 30253 6013, Fax: +31 30 253 6695,athena@let.uu.nl

New AOIFE/ATHENANewsletter!As you may have noticed, AOIFEnews is no longer featured in Newsfrom NIKK. The first issue of aseparate AOIFE/ATHENA Newsletterwill be available in June 1999. If youare interested in ordering a copy ofthe new publication, please contactthe AOIFE Secretariat: aoife-secretariat@nikk.uio.no (contactinformation same as NIKK- see lastpage).

New staff memberAs of June 1999, Elisabeth K.Lorenzen will fill the position asNIKK’s International Consultant untilthe end of 2000. She is 25 years oldand Danish, and will be receiving herinterdisciplinary degree combiningEconomics, Social Science, Lan-guages and Cultural Studies (includ-ing Women’s Studies) from Univer-sity of Southern Denmark (Odense)before coming to NIKK. She hasexperience with both administrativeand political work and has workedas a co-ordinator for Danish studentpolitical activities (responsible forequality issues). Elisabeth will bereplacing Diana Anders. Amongother tasks at NIKK, she will serveas the Co-ordinator for the AOIFESecretariat and assist with the Livingfor Tomorrow project.

What is AOIFE?AOIFE stands for the Association ofFeminist Education and Research inEurope and has its Secretariatlocated at NIKK. The association ismade up of institutional members, ofwhich there are currently 80 fromover 20 European countries. Since itwas founded in 1996, it has beenactively promoting Women’s Studiesand Gender research by means ofEuropean co-operation and net-working. Several activities andprojects are underway and AOIFEplans to submit applications to theEuropean Commission’s FifthFramework Programme for Re-search, Technology and Develop-ment.

To learn more about AOIFE and itsactivities, visit the AOIFE websitehttp://wwworg.uio.no/www-other/nikk/AOIFE/homedaa.htm or contactthe AOIFE Secretariat: aoife-secretariat@nikk.uio.no (contactinformation same as NIKK- see lastpage).

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News from NIKK 1/99

Simone de Beauvoir– a pioneer of modern feminismReflections on the 50th Anniversaryof The Second Sex“On ne naît pas femme, on ledevient”. The phrase echoedthroughout the four-day celebrationof Simone de Beauvoir’s work as aphilosopher, novelist, activist andfeminist, held in Paris in January onthe occasion of the 50th anniversaryof the publication of The SecondSex. More than 300 researchersfrom five continents met anddiscussed her works. The confer-ence was formally opened by Sylviele Bon de Beauvoir and was organ-ised by Christine Delphy and SylvieChaperon.

Different aspects of The Second Sexwere illuminated, such as its recep-tion and social impact in differentcountries, its national and interna-tional political aspects, its challeng-ing interrogation of sexuality;Simone de Beauvoir as a philoso-pher and her relationships withSartre and others.

As analysis and testimony surfacedfrom philosophers, literary critics,sociologists and activists from manyparts of the globe, what was par-ticularly striking was the courage,radical contestations of traditionalthought, Western politics andnormative conventions of daily lifethat de Beavoir’s feminism engagedwith. She offers a fierce and inspira-tional example for generations tocome!

The Second Sex has been translatedinto several languages and hascirculated in most parts of the world,but not all. Svetlana Ajazova in-formed us that The Second Sex wasbanned in Russia until the start ofPerestrojka in 1990. Another partici-pant, Grace Okafor from SouthAfrica, surprised everyone when sheexplained that it is still nearly

impossible to get acopy of The SecondSex in many partsof Africa.

Another strikingpoint is that not allversions or transla-tions are complete,not even theAmerican version. Inthe Nordic countriesthere have beenDanish, Finnish,Norwegian andSwedish transla-tions of The SecondSex. However, onlythe Danish versionis complete. Boththe Finnish and theSwedish versionsare missing keysections on sexual-ity, and the Norwe-gian version isneither completenor true to theoriginal. Some steps have beentaken recently to produce newNorwegian and Swedish versions.

Coming from Norway, one of theNordic countries, I was impressed tofind that two of the keynote speak-ers in the first plenary session wereSara Heinämaa from Finland andEva Lundgren-Gothlin from Sweden.Both focused on philosophicalorigins of The Second Sex. AnotherNordic contribution was the releaseof a film documentary of an inter-view of Simone de Beauvoir from1983. The Danish journalist ElseLidegaard introduced the film, whichwas unique in scope, since thisinterview was the most recent andcovered so many aspects of Simonede Beauvoir’s concerns. She diedthree years after the interview tookplace, in 1985.

The 50th Anniversary of TheSecond Sex in Paris was animportant start for the yearmarking Simone de Beauvoir. Onehopes that this year, with all thedifferent seminars and confer-ences in her honour, will sparkinterest in The Second Sex fornew generations of feminists.Simone de Beauvoir is one of themost important feminists of ourcentury and the 50th Anniversary ofThe Second Sex is an idealopportunity to revitalise her work— a corner stone of modernfeminism.

Cathrine Tømte

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Nordic Co-operation on Gender EqualityEquality between women and men isa crucial part of the Nordic welfarestate model. The objective ofequality is that women and menshould have equal rights, obligationsand opportunities in all fields of life.Economic independence is thefoundation of equality betweenwomen and men.

In the Nordic countries, the activeinvolvement of men is considerednecessary in order to achieveequality between women and men.Furthermore, for gender equality tobecome a reality, the distribution ofthe workload between women andmen in the family and in societymust be changed.

The responsibility for Nordic co-operation on issues of genderequality has been vested in theNordic Council of Ministers (theministers responsible for GenderEquality issues). The Nordic Execu-tive Committee on Gender Equalitycarries out the preparatory work forthe Council of Ministers and imple-ments its decisions.

Co-operation on Gender Equality isbased on projects and reportscommissioned by the Council ofMinisters. The Nordic Council ofMinisters has adopted a Co-operation program in the Equalityarea 1995-2000 where the main goalis to promote the further develop-ment of a Nordic approach and acommon Nordic Platform within theframework of broader European andinternational co-operation. GenderEquality aspects must be imple-mented in all areas of society also inthe areas covered by the NordicCouncil of Ministers’ own programsand projects.

The Nordic Institute for Women’sStudies and Gender Research(NIKK) has been established in 1995to co-ordinate Nordic activitieswithin the research field.

Integration of Gender EqualityIn the co-operation program men-tioned above, the Nordic Ministersfor Equality have decided to pro-mote the development of methodsthat will make the equality processmore efficient. In particular, theCouncil of Ministers wants to focuson methods utilised to facilitate theintegration of gender equality into allpolicy areas and at all social levels.Models and strategies supportingmainstreaming should be designedand tested locally, regionally,nationally and at the Nordic level.Proposed methods range fromgender sensitive statistics togender-related research and equalityeducation. In order to further suchstrategies and methods, the Equalityministers decided to launch a Nordicproject on mainstreaming whichstarted 1997.

The purpose of the project is todevise methods to make decision-makers to be “gender sensitive” byincorporating gender and equalityaspects into all work. This workincludes the processes of planning,consequential analysis and budget-ing. Furthermore, efforts will bemade to tools that can efficientlyevaluate and measure how deci-sions affect the daily lives of womenand men.

In order to incorporate genderequality perspectives into differentpolicy areas, it is crucial that thosein charge have insight into, and arefamiliar with the aims of the genderequality policy. It is a prerequisitethat senior management hassufficient knowledge to be able tooversee policy implements.

The mainstreaming approach willalso be implemented at the NordicCouncil of Ministers itself, and willprimarily involve cross-sector co-operation that supports genderequality.

Marianne LaxénNordic Council of Miinisters

Publications bythe Nordic Council of Ministers

Gender Equality Nordic News. Anewsletter published in English,Scandinavian and Finnish languageby the Nordic Council of Ministers.See also: http://www.norden.org/lige/sidste_uk.htm

Gender Equality, the Nordic Model.Free of charge.

Men and Gender Equality. NewChallenges. TemaNord 1998:558.

Men on Parental Leave: how men useparental leave in the Nordic countries.TemaNord 1998:569. Free of charge.

Programme for Nordic Co-operationon Gender Equality 1995-2000.TemaNord 1995:535. Free of charge.

Shelters for battered Women and theneeds of immigrant Women.TemaNord 1998:507.

The Nordic Countries - A Paradise forWomen? Nord 1994:16.

Towards New Masculinities. Reportfrom a Nordic conference on men andgender equality. Nord 1995:26.

Women and Men in the NordicCountries. Facts and figures 1994.Nord 1994:3. Short summaryavailable free of charge.

Women in Leading Positions -GenderDistribution in the 100 Biggest PrivateEnterprises in the Nordic Countries.TemaNord 1996:585.

Women, Work and Economics.Conference Report. TemaNord1998:560.

To order, see http://www.norden.org/Pub/agent/_/index.html or send e-mailto tsh@nmr.dk or mkn@nmr.dk

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News from NIKK 1/99

Barents Region Crisis Centres NetworkNCRB stands for the Network forCrisis Centres in the RussianBarents Region, and in the Barentsregion as a whole (1999-2001). Thecrisis centres involved are located inMurmansk, Apatity, Polyarnye Zori,Archangels and Petrozavodsk. Twocentres in St. Petersburg are alsoassociated with NCRB. Collabora-tive twin-institutions in NorthFinland, Sweden and Norway will bepartners in the project.

This joint Nordic and North WestRussian development and researchproject, led by Aino Saarinen (formerHead of Research at NIKK) at OuluUniversity, and Natalya Gutsol atKola Science Centre, started thisSpring. The project has links toFemina Borealis, an autonomousnetwork for research and activism,including its administrative unit,Northern Feminist University atSteigen, Norway and InformationTechnology, Transnational Democ-racy and Gender, a Nordic andinternational network for researchfunded by NorFA (for more informa-tion see next page). The projectmanagers will be Pirkko Carpenter,Oulu and Olga Liapuonova, Archan-gels. The NCRB reference grouprepresents relevant players andresearchers in the field.

NCRB is entering into evolving, newtype of political formation in thenorthernmost of the European East-West frontier regions, the BarentsEuro-Arctic Region administered bythe Barents Council and BarentsRegional Council. Its long-termnormative, social and politicaloutcomes are as follows:

• increased awareness of sexualand reproductive problems relatedto violence against women andchildren

• equality and sexual education atschools

• women’s health-related problems

NCRB will also produce a jointpublication and arrange a closingconference in Spring 2002. Thefunding of the project has beenraised from national, Nordic, Barentsand EU-sources.

Aino Saarinen, aino.saarinen@oulu.fiand Natalya Gutsol,gutsol@isc.kolasc.net.ru

NETWORKING • NETWORKING • NETWORKING • NETWORKING • NETWORKING • NETWORKING

• using information technology toincrease the crisis centres abilityto collaborate and communicateacross different borders andboundaries

• empowering women through newand various information technolo-gies, related to forms of participa-tion locally and transregionally

• contributing to further develop-ment of social justice, the welfarestate and political democracy inthe northernmost parts of Europe

The immediate contributions tothese long-term goals will be in theform of information, innovation andcollaboration networks for the crisiscentres. Concrete examples of thisare:

• a training and exchange pro-gramme for officials, volunteersand political activists

• a database on crisis centres, theirservices and activities and therights of women and children anda network for communicationbetween the institutions and theirclients

• political actions that help to putthe issues onto the political andjuridical agendas

• a resource strategy for the crisiscentres for 2001-2003

Serving as an umbrella-type re-search community, NCRB aims atinspiring dialogues across the“Western theories vs. Easternrealities” divide. Plans for a jointresearch course, a research networkand for research meetings includinga workshop at the Women’s Worlds99 conference are on the agenda.Project ideas include:

• women’s mobilisation trans-regionally as part of the “ThirdWave” of women’s movements

• varying forms of feminist interven-tions and crisis centres practices

Minorities &mixed familiesThe Minorities & Mixed FamiliesNetworks is a project founded in1998, which will create Nordic-Baltic-Russian networks combin-ing academic research with non-governmental activities focusingon minorities and mixed familiesfrom women’s and young per-sons’ perspective. The goal of thenetworks are to create a dialoguebetween researchers and activ-ists, old and young persons,women and men. The themes willfocus on politics of identity,culture and traditions, mixedfamilies and citizenship. TheMinMix Networks will arrangeacademic research courses,lectures, NGO seminars, and jointworkshops. The activities of thenetworks will support democraticdevelopment in the Baltic coun-tries and North West Russia.

For more information:Johanna Söderholm,Turku Women’s Centre, Nylandsg.1, FI-20500 Åbo, FinlandTel: +358 2 2336172Fax: +358 2 2336174E-mail: jsoderho@saunalahti.fi

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Femina BalticaFemina Baltica Baltic-NordicWomen’s Network was started in1998 as a project including women’sorganisations on all levels in thecountries around the Baltic Sea. In1999, Femina Baltica is arrangingfour conferences in Tallinn, Estonia,Siauliai, Lithuania, Riga, Latvia andÅbo/Turku, Finland. The themes forthese conferences include forexample, violence against women,women as decision-makers in themunicipality, gender research,women and economic power. CaritaPeltonen is the coordinator andproject director of Femina Baltica.

For more information:Carita Peltonen, Turku Women’sCentre, Nylandsg. 1, FI-20500 Åbo,FinlandTel: +358 2 2336172, Fax: +358 22336174, E-mail:cpeltone@saunalahti.fi

NETWORKING • NETWORKING • NETWORKING • NETWORKING • NETWORKING • NETWORKING

Information technology,transnationaldemocracy & gender– a Nordic Network for researchin 1999-2000The idea for the Information technol-ogy transnational democracy andgender network was born at NIKK.The network receives funding fromNorFA - The Nordic Academy forAdvanced Studies, and the co-ordinators are Christina Mörtberg,Sweden, Aino Saarinen, Finland andGro Hanne Aas, Norway.

Our aim is to produce situatedknowledges about gender, technol-ogy and politics in transformation.We want to build critical knowledgesand understandings of informationtechnology in the contradictions andtensions between equal access anddominating discourses of technol-ogy. We also want to contribute tothe debates on the democratisationof the transnational political institu-tions from below. The focus will beon the construction of civil societyand the strengthening of politicalleadership, including their gender,cultural and regional dimensions.

The first workshop of the networktook place in april 1999. The partici-pants from Estonia, Finland, Norway,Russia, Sweden and Lithuaniagathered at Luleå University ofTechnology in Sweden to discussthe topic Understandings of technol-ogy.

In the context of the network aresearch course will be arranged inTallinn in August on ”InformationTechnology and Gender. Compara-tive and Cross-disciplinary Perspec-tives”. More information can befound in the Calendar 1999-2000.

Gro Hanne AasUniversity of Oslog.h.aas@tmv.uio.no

InternationalPhD-ProgramThe Netherlands Research School ofWomen’s Studies (NOV) is anadvanced training institute forresearch and postgraduate studies.The NOV is an inter-universityresearch structure, which consists ofsix major partners (University ofAmsterdam; Free University ofAmsterdam; Leiden University;Catholic University of Nijmegen;Tilburg and Utrecht University). Thebulk of top research in Women’sStudies in the Netherlands isconducted under the auspices ofthe NOV. The NOV received officialaccreditation by the Royal DutchAcademy of Science in 1995.

The NOV offers various forms oftraining for PhD-candidates. Toaccommodate individual needs thefollowing options are available:

A. Full PhD-training in Women’sStudies resulting in a doctoratedegree from a Dutch university.Enrolment for this four-year programis on a year-to-year basis untildegree is completed.B. Intensive International PhD-program concentrating on twothematic areas: “Body Issues” or“Work and Care”. This four-monthprogram runs from February-May,beginning in 1999. Tuition fees 5.000Dutch guilders.C. Individual coaching sessions byselected supervisor(s). No specificperiod or time limitations areattached to this option.

Tuition fees 200 Dutch guilders persession. Following single courses ofthe NOV curriculum.

For more information:Prof. Dr. Rosi Braidotti, DirectorNOV, Trans 10, 3512 JK Utrecht, TheNetherlands, tel: +31 30 253 6001,fax: +31 30 253 6134, e-mail:novphd@let.uu.nlhttp://www.let.uu.nl/nov/

100 Days of Women’sUniversity in 2000The International Women’s Univer-sity “Technology and Culture”programme is a German initiative toorganise an international women’suniversity for 100 days during theworld exhibition in Hanover in theyear 2000.

The university programme willencompass seven fields of research:intelligence, information, the body,water, city, labour and migration. Itwill have an international profile,interdisciplinary approach, anddiversity in teaching methods andresearch approaches. The researchand study programme is offered to1000 graduate and advancedstudents from all over the world.

For more information:International Women’s UniversityAssociation, Blumenstrasse 6, 30159Hannover, Germany, Tel: +49 511 1208660, Fax: +49 511 120 8691.

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NORANordic Journal of Women’s Studies

NORA is a channel for feministresearch from all disciplines. Em-phasis is placed on showing aNordic profile in feminist research,with regard to both content andtheoretical and methodologicalapproaches. NORA aims to discussand examine the realities and mythsof women’s lives in the Nordiccountries, historically and today.

At the same time, NORA is interna-tional in scope, offering a forum fortheoretical debate, dialogue andinformation on research of generalinterest to feminist scholars andscientists. NORA acknowledges theneed to communicate acrossborders, challenging academic,linguistic and national limitationsand boundaries. Considering thediversity of women’s experienceswithin the Nordic countries and thebroad spectrum of viewpoints andapproaches that characterisesmodern research on women andgender, NORA encourages papersthat have a comparative andinterdisciplinary perspective and aretheoretically self-reflective.

Manuscripts for NORA must be inEnglish and should normally notexceed 8000 words. All papersdeemed appropriate for NORA willbe reviewed anonymously by twoevaluators. Equal consideration isgiven to all manuscripts in Englishfrom any country. Authors shouldsubmit the manuscript in electronicform by e-mail or diskette.

For contact informationsee Addresses pgs. 32-36.

TalkingGender & SexualityNovember 5-6, 1999Aalborg University, Denmark

In the 1990s there has been muchdebate about the best way toapproach the study of language andgender. The traditional divisionsbetween the deficit, the culturaldifference and the dominancemodels have been disputed. Oneconsequence is that the profoundtheoretical challenge to how weunderstand and account for gender- as a dynamic, performativeengagement which is never com-plete - matches with the rich set oftools that have been developed foranalysing the complexities ofeveryday language use, agency andidentity in talk-in-interaction. Also, anew domain has opened up that isripe for analysis: the relationshipbetween sexuality and socialinteraction and language use.

Attendees of the symposium areinvited to present parallel sessionpapers, to organise panel sessionsor to conduct workshops on thetheory and/or practice of analysingverbal and non-verbal social interac-tion in a diversity of settings inwhich participants constitutethemselves as gendered and sexedpersons or communities. Presenta-tions of research on the followingsettings are welcome: everydayconversation, institutional language,language in the media, computer-mediated communication, anddialogue inpopular culture, fictionand written texts.

The language of the symposium isEnglish. Abstract submissiondeadline: August 1, 1999.

For further information,see the Calendar 1999-2000.

Feminist TheoryFeminist Theory is a new interna-tional interdisciplinary journal beingpublished by SAGE Publications inApril 2000. The journal is beinglaunched to provide a forum forcritical analysis and constructivedebates within feminist theory.

The journal will be edited byGabriele Griffin (Kingston University,UK), Rosemary Hennessy (StateUniversity of New York, Albany,USA), Stevi Jackson (University ofYork, UK) and Sasha Roseneil(University of Leeds, UK).

Feminist Theory will be genuinelyinterdisciplinary and will reflect thediversity of feminism, incorporatingperspectives from across the broadspectrum of the humanities andsocial sciences and the full range offeminist political and theoreticalstances.The journal will be published threetimes a year starting from April2000.

If you are interested in submitting amanuscript contact:The Editors, Feminist Theory, Centrefor Women’s Studies, University ofYork, Heslington, York, YO1 5DD,UK, Tel: +44 1904 433672/433671,Email: sfj@york.ac.uk

If you would like to receive furtherinformation about subscribingcontact:Jane MakoffSAGE Publications, 6 Bonhill Street,London, EC2A 4PU, UKEmail: jane.makoff@sagepub.co.uk

Calls for Papers

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Is there a Nordic Feminism? Nordicfeminist thought on culture andsociety. Edited by Drude von derFehr, Anna G. Jonasdottir and BenteRosenbeck. London: UCL Press,1998.

In this volume, feminist scholarsfrom Denmark, Finland, Iceland,Norway and Sweden contributechapters on Nordic culture andsociety. The work is informed bydisciplinary perspectives of politics,sociology, history, cultural studiesand literature.

This ambitious collection of eighteenessays poses many questions,beginning with, ‘Is there a Nordicfeminism?’ For the less well in-formed on Nordic scholarship, Iwould suggest reading chapter 1and then 18 as it is here that the co-editors seek to answer this funda-mental question. Nordic women aredescribed as finding themselves in atime of changing conditions andchanging modes of living, identifiedin the text as ‘break-ups’; that is,profound and sudden shifts incultural and societal processesaffecting contexts, concepts,knowledge of women’s experiencesand gender relations. Chapter 18provides a brief historical account ofideas and actions that encapsulatethe Nordic profile. The sub-question,is there a distinctive profile charac-terising Nordic gender and Women’sStudies? is answered empiricallythrough a description of Nordicfeminist research, disciplinary andother academic networks, organisa-tions, and products. Also relevant isthe desire expressed by the editorsto place a emphasis in the future onNordic comparative studies whiletaking advantage of the geographi-cal proximity of Nordic countries tothe Anglo-Saxon and continentalintellectual thought.

What of its contents? The book isorganised around three themes. Thefirst is women’s political strategiesexamined from different historical,national and text oriented perspec-tives. The second is contestedspaces, while the third discussesquestions of individually basedidentity, rationality and subjectivity.The editors define the central

problematic as women’s shiftingstruggle, strategies and negotiationswith men and male-dominatedpreconditions for the organisation ofsocial processes in society, includ-ing its cultural premises. They see ashift in the focus from achievingwomen’s participation and visibilityto a focus on equality and differ-ence.

Is there a Nordic Feminism?- a review

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Again, for the reader with limitedknowledge of Nordic feministthought, the historical chapters ineach of the three sections provide acontext, however limited, for laterchapters on the three themes. Theyalso provide the most accessiblematerial on women’s lives. Part 1,‘Politics in ambiguous times’,explores very different issues, fromwomen’s historical political strate-gies to a revolt by women in theSwedish Parliament in the 1970s, tothe Icelandic women’s alliance, toIcelandic nationalist discourse, andlastly a rereading of Camille Paglia’sSexual Personnae. Collectivelythese chapters do not provide aoverview of Nordic feminist thoughton politics so much as an overviewon the wide range of questions andissues arising from politics that arecurrently being explored by Nordicfeminists.

Part 2, ‘Organisations and contestedspaces’, moves from a historicalstudy of the literary salon in the 18thcentury in Scandinavia to that of thefemale authored one-act plays ofthe late 19 century, to modern dayconcerns of change in publicorganisations, sexual harassmentand the gendering of work, toattraction and love at work. The laterdraws on a study of hospital staff, inparticular male and female medics.While these chapters cover manyaspects, the lack of engagementwith issues of violence and withwomen’s voices is a noticeableexclusion. The one chapter onsexual harassment and thegendering of work weaves togetherthe gendered character of work forboth women and men. KjerstiEricsson seeks to explain the doublevulnerability of women to genderexploitation and to alienation fromorganisations that defend worker’srights. These last two chapterscome closest to considering theproblem of violence and abusiverelationships between women andmen, but there seems to be acurious avoidance of fully exploringthe meanings that could be attachedto or obtained from their data.

Part 3, ‘Identity and subjectivity -between equality and difference’,moves between chapters on genderand the subject, on emotions andfeelings, on a cultural contextualpsychology for understanding theconstruction of gender, to anhistorical account of the film actressAsta Nielsen. In concluding thisengaging account the author leaveshanging in the air the question, whyare the childlike Mary Pickford andthe vamplike Theda Bara, but notthe eroticized Asta Nielsen, recog-nised in film history? By now, as Idraw towards the end of this book,(there are other similar examples ofinteresting unanswered questions inother chapters) – the image is of atasty dish, whisked away before abite can be taken. The reviewer, thenon-specialist in Nordic feminism, isleft interested, somewhat puzzled(read hungry) waiting for the nextoffering on Nordic feminist thought.

Also in Part 3, Hildur Ve attempts abridging exercise by engaging withsome of the larger issues posed bypost modernist thought in relation toearlier sociological analyses. Inexploring past and current theoreti-cal constructions in feministthought, she begins with the postmodernist deconstructions offeminist concepts and of analyticmethods that were valuable inunderstanding and criticising theideological basis of male dominanceand power in the 1970s and 1980s.She then explores social responsi-bility and autonomy, identity andidentity construction from varioussociological points of view. To limitthe theoretical drive towards au-tonomy and fragmentation sheargues for the recognition of respon-sible rationality as a dimension ofwomen’s identity.

The many excellent questions raisedin this volume, the range of scholar-ship, the different issues andtheoretical perspectives make thisan important contribution to feministscholarship. One’s impatience,experienced from time to time,arises from a desire that the authors

push on with their analysis byengaging more fully with the difficultquestions they themselves raise.This is a small complaint and onethat arises from the recognition ofthe value of this substantial work.

Jalna HanmerLeeds Metropolitan University, UK

See also: Forum for gender & culture –Danish KVINFOs e-zine for a review of thesame book by Robin May Schott –www.forum.kvinfo.dk

What is WISE-L?WISE-L is the electronic discus-sion list of the European Wom-en’s Studies network, Women’sInternational Studies Europe,WISE. It is a list for all practition-ers of Women’s Studies includ-ing teachers, students, scholars,writers, administrators, activists,etc. It is a forum for informationon research projects, fundingsources, fellowships, jobopenings, conferences, calls forpapers, teaching methods,course syllabi, useful texts,bibliographies, student and staffexchanges, Women’s Studiesprogram development, Euro-pean or national policy issues,and political and theoreticaldebates concerning Women’sStudies. For a Users Guide seehttp://www.helsinki.fi/~kris_ntk/wise-l/For more information on WISEseehttp://women-www.uia.ac.be/women/wise

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New publicationsAkpinar, AylinMale’s honour and female’s shame:gender and ethnic identity constructionsamong Turkish divorcées in the migrationcontext.Uppsala: Dept. of Sociology, 1998. Diss.

Bóasdóttir, Sólveig AnnaViolence, power, and justice:a feminist contribution to Christian sexualethics.Uppsala University, 1998. Diss.

Dryler, HelenEducational choice in Sweden: studies onthe importance of gender and socialcontexts.Stockholm: Swedish Institute for SocialResearch, 1998. Diss.

Einarsdóttir, ThorgerdurThrough Thick and Thin: Icelandic men onpaternity leave.Reykjavík: Committee on Gender Equality,1998.

Excavating women: a history of women inEuropean archaeology. Díaz-Andreu,Margarita & Stig Sørensen, Marie Louise.London, 1998.

Feminism and Latvian literature.Ed. Ausma Cimdina.Riga: Latvian Women’s Studies andInformation Center, 1998.

Gender and folklore: perspectives onFinnish and Karelian culture.Eds. Satu Apo & Aili Nenola & LauraStark-Arola.Helsinki: SKS, 1998.

Granqvist, Lena & Persson, HelenaCareer mobility in the private servicesector: are women trapped in “bad” jobs?Stockholm, 1998.

Gulden, Ann K. TordayMilton’s Eve and the Pursuit of Wisdom inParadise Lost.University of Oslo, 1999. Diss.

Hedlund, Eva & Göthberg, Marianne Rapeand sexual abuse: a guide to victim care.Stockholm, 1998.

Johansson, EvaBeyond frustration: Understandingwomen with undefined musculoskeletalpain who consult primary care. Umeå:University, 1998. Diss.

Johansson, PerryChinese women and consumer culture:discourses on beauty and identity inadvertising and women’s magazines1985-1995.Stockholm: Institute of Oriental Lan-guages, 1998. Diss.

Jonung, ChristinaOccupational segregation by sex andchangeover time.Lund, 1998.

Kilbom, Å, Messing, K, BildtThorbjörnsson,CWomen’s Health at Work.Stockholm: National Institute for WorkingLife, 1998.

Korac, MajaLinking arms: women and war in post-Yugoslav states.Uppsala, 1998.

Lehtinen, UllaliinaUnderdog Shame. Philosophical essayson women’s internationalisation ofinferiority.Göteborg: 1998. Diss.

Lie, MereteComputer dialogues: technology, genderand change.Trondheim, 1998. Diss.

Polk, MerrittGendered mobility: a study of women’sand men’s relations to automobility inSweden.Göteborg: 1998. Diss.

Rees, TeresaMainstreaming Equality in the EuropeanUnion: education, training and labourmarket policies.London: Routledge, 1998

Sakaranaho, TuulaThe complex other: a rhetorical approachto women, Islam, and ideologies in Turkey.Helsinki, 1998. Diss.

Shifting bonds, Shifting Bounds: Women,Mobility and Citizenship in Europe.Eds. Vigínia Ferreira, Teresa Tavares andSílvia Portugal.Oeiras: Celta 1998.

Simonton, DeborahA history of European women’s work:1700 to the present.London, 1998.

Sjørup, LeneOneness: a theology of women’s religiousexperiences.Leuven, 1998.

Sundman, KerstinBetween the home and the institutions:the feminist movement in Madrid, Spain.Göteborg: 1998. Diss.

Wistedt, IngerRecruiting female students to highereducation in mathematics, physics andtechnology: an evaluation of a Swedishinitiative.Stockholm, 1998.

Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers.Azza Karam et al.Stockholm: IDEA, 1998.

Women and European employment. Ed.Rubery, Jill.London, 1998.

Women and Socialism - Socialism andWomen. Europe Between the Two WorldWars.Eds. Gruber, Helmut & Graves, Pamela.New York: Berghahn Books, 1999.

Women´s Active Citizenship. Studies inSocial Policy.Ed. Ahponen, Pirkkoliisa.University of Joensuu, Department ofSocial Policy, 1999.

Women’s work and wages.Eds. Persson, Inga & Jonung, Christina.London, 1998

Forthcoming

Gordon, Tuula, Holland, Janet & Lahelma,ElinaMaking Spaces: Citizenship and Differ-ence in SchoolsLondon: Macmillan.

Work and Family - Report on NewPerspectives of Equality in the NordicCountries.Ed. Laura Kalliomaa-Puha. Papers of theseminar “Arbete, lön och familj - nyautmaningar för jämställdheten i Norden”in 1998.

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Calendar 1999-2000The calendar includes events both withinand outside the Nordic countries. In theNordic countries listed, English is used asconference language or in some of thepresentations. The calendar is regularlyupdated at NIKK’s web site, address onlast page.

199907-18.06 New Brunswick, USAChallenges of the New Millenium. 7thWomen’s Global Leaderhip Institute.Deadline for receipt of application hasexpired. Info: Inst. Coordinator, Center forWomen’s Global Leadership, DouglassCollege, Rutgers University, 160 RydersLane, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8555,USA, tel: +1 732 9328782, fax: +1 732932 1180, cwgl@igc.org

17-19.06 Ottawa, CanadaConference on Feminist Economics.Arr. by The International Association forFeminist Economics and CarletonUniversity Info: Jean Shackelford,jshackel@bucknell.edu or FrancesWoolley, frances_woolley@carleton.cahttp://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/jshackel/iaffe/

17-20.06 Albuquerque, New MexicoAmerican Women’s Studies Associa-tion meeting, including InternationalTask Force meeting.Info: sarker@malcalester.edu

18-19.06 London, UKWomen and Political Action: DebatingWays Forward for Feminists. Info:Angela Kennedy & Jeanne Gregory,Gender Research Centre, MiddlesexUniversity, Queensway, Enfield, Middle-sex EN3 4SF, UK, tel: +44 181 362 5552,fax: +44 181 962 6404,j.gregory@mdx.ac.uk &a.kennedy@mdx.ac.uk

20-26.06 Tromsø, NorwayWomen’s Worlds 1999 - The 7thInternational Interdisciplinary Congresson Women. Info: Women’s Worlds 1999,Kvinnforsk, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway, tel: +47 77 64 5899, fax: +47 77 64 64 20,womens.worlds.99@skk.uit.no http://www.skk.uit.no/WW99/ww99.html

02-04.07 Wales, UKEngendering Material Culture: 5thWomen in Archaeology Conference.Engendering Material Culture ConferenceCentre for Cross-Cultural Research.Info: Laurajane Smith & Ann McGrath,Australian National University Canberra,ACT 0200 Australia, lj.smith@unsw.edu.au& ann.mcgrath@anu.edu.au

08-10.07 Paris, FranceAphra Behn - Colloque international.Info: Bernard Dhuicq, 23 rue de Magnitot,95420 St Gervais, France, fax: +33 1 3467 25 43, bduicq@club-internet.fr http://www.manhattan.edu/special/confer-ences/behn/

10-30.07 Skopje, MacedoniaThe Image of the Other. The Perceptionand the Representation of the Others.Summer School. Info: Suzana Milevska,Open Society Institute, Ruzveltova 34,P.O.Box 378, 91000 Skopje, Republic ofMacedonia, tel: +389 91 136 514,ssimage@soros.org.mk

12-13.07 Mannheim, GermanyFrauen in Wissenschaft und Forschung- Strategien der Förderung zwischenInstitution und Autonomie. Symposium.Info: Caroline Kramer, Zentrum fürUmfragen, Methoden und Analysen e.V,P.O.Box 122155, 68072 Mannheim,Germany, tel: +49 621 124624,kramer@zuma-mannheim.de

13-16.07 Oxford, UKWomen Organizing in China. Workshop.Abstract deadline has expired. Info:Joanna Child, Centre for Cross-CulturalResearch on Women, University ofOxford, Queen Elizabeth House, 21St.Giles, Oxford OX1 3LA, UK, tel: +441865 273644, fax: +44 1865 273607,cccrw@qeh.ox.ac.uk

12-14.07 Edinburgh, Scotland2nd International InterdisciplinaryConference on Women & Health. Info:Pamela Warner, Medical Statistics Unit,Dept. of Public Health Sciences, Univer-sity of Edinburgh Medical School, TeviotPlace, Edinburgh EH 9AG, Scotland, UK,tel: +44 131 650 3248, fax: +44 131 6506909, conference@bps.org.uk http://www.ucs.ed.ac.uk/~pamew/ICWH2.htm

21-24.07 Manchester, UKBeyond Boundaries. Sexual Diversityand Human Rights. Info: Gail Hawkes,Dept. of Sociology, Manchester Metro-politan University, Geoffrey MantonBuilding, Rosamond Street West, OffOxford Road, Manchester M15 6LL, UK,tel: +44 161 2473464, fax: +44 161 2476321, g.hawkes@mmu.ac.ukhttp://www.miid.net/diversity

24-25.07 Manchester, UKFeminist Forerunners: The New Womanin the National and InternationalPeriodical Press, 1880 to the 1920s.Deadline for abstracts has expired. Info:Ann Heilmann, Dept. of Humanities &Applied Social Studies, Crewe andAlsager Faculty, Manchester Metropolitanuniversity, Alsager Campus, HassallRoad, Alsager, Cheshire ST7 2HL, UK,fax: +44 161 247 6374,A.Heilmann@mmu.ac.uk

05-06.08 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaColloque Simone de Beauvoir. Deadlinefor abstracts has expired. Info: InstitutoInterdisciplinario de Estudios de Género,Puán 480 1406, 4to. piso, of. 417 Ciudadde Buenos Aires, Argentina, tel: +54 1432 0606/0218/3525 (int. 161), fax: +54 1432 0121, iiege@filo.uba.ar

05-08.08 Los Angeles, USAVictoria Redressed: Feminism and 19thCentury Studies. 20 years after thepublication of The Madwoman in theAttic. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubarwill be among the keynote speakers. Info:Hilary Schor, Dept. of English, Universityof Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089-0354, USA, fax: +1 213 741 0377,http://www.popcultures.com/calls/call0301.htm

14-30.08 Utrecht, The NetherlandsDiasporic Identities and MediatedCultures: Gender, History and Repre-sentations. NOISE European SummerSchool. Deadline for applications hasexpired. Info: Esther Vonk, InternationalOffice Women’s Studies, Utrecht Univer-sity, Trans 10, 3512 JK Utrecht, TheNetherlands, tel: +31 30 2536013, fax:+31 30 2536695, noise@let.uu.nl

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Calendar 1999-200018-21.08 Amsterdam,The NetherlandsWill Europe Work? 4th EuropeanSociological Conference. Spesific topicstreams incl. Gender perspectives. Info:Bernard Kruithof, SISWO, PlantageMuidergracht 4, 1018 TV Amsterdam, TheNetherlands, tel: +31 20 5270646, fax:+31 20 6229430, kruithof@siswo.uva.nlhttp://www.qub.ac.uk/ss/ssp/esa/conf99.html

21-26.08 Tallinn, EstoniaInformation Technology and GenderComparative and Cross-disciplinaryPerspectives. Nordic-Baltic ResearchCourse organised by the NorFA networkInformation Technology, TransnationalDemocracy and Gender. Deadline forapplication has expired. Info: ChristinaMörtberg, Div. Gender & Technology,Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden, tel: +46 920 72117,fax: +46 920 91866,Christina.Mortberg@arb.luth.se

26-29.08 Jyväskylä, FinlandDesiring Subjects and Agency. SummerSchool on Politics and Art. Deadline forabstracts 15.06. Info: Eeva Jokinen, tel:+358 14 603102, ejokinen@dodo.jyu.fi &Tuija Virkki, tel: +358 14 602970,tumany@dodo.jyu.fi

August 1999 Accra, GhanaThe GASAT (Gender and Science andTechnology) - 9 International Confer-ence. Info: conference coordinator/chairGeorgina Quaisie, Desk Officer, Science,Technololgy and Maths, Education,Ghana Education Service, PO Box M45,Accra, Ghana,gquaise@africaonline.com.ghhttp://www.gac.edu/~simpson/gasat/homepage.htm

13-24.09 Bremen, GermanyInformatica Feminale. Sommerstudium.Info: informatica_feminale@informatik.uni-bremen.de

16-17.09 Oslo, NorwaySpaces, Visions and Voices- Genderand the institution of Art. Info: HelleGranum, tel: +47 22 85 89 50,hellepg@sfk.uio.no

17.09 Oxford, UKA European Conference on PromotingSustainable Diversity in HigherEducation Across National Boundaries.Deadline for abstracts has expired. Info:Equal Opportunities Action Group, c/oOCSLD Helena Kennedy Building,Headington Hill Campus, Oxford Brookesuniversity, Oxford OX3 OBP, UK, tel: +441865 484609, fax: +44 1865 484622,smanfredi@brookes.ac.uk

21-24.09 Vatnahalsen, NorwayPoststructuralism. National ResearchCourse. A joint project of the centres forwomen’s studies and gender research inOslo, Trondheim and Bergen and thesecond in a series of planned courseswithin women’s studies. Info: Kari Melby,tel: +47 73 59 17 28,kari.melby@hf.ntnu.no & Beatrice Halsaa,tel: +47 22 85 87 43,beatrice.halsaa@sfk.uio.no

30.09-02.10 Minsk, BelarusWriting Women’s History and History ofGender in Countries in Transition.Deadline for abstracts has expired. Info:European Humanities University, Centrefor Gender Studies, 24, pr. Skoriny,Minsk, 220030, Belarus, tel/fax: +357 17239 3383, gender@ehu.unibel.by

07-09.10 Minneapolis, USAChallenging Rhetorics: Cross-Discipli-nary Sites of Feminist Discourse. 2ndBiennial International Feminism(s) andRhetoric(s) Conference. Deadline forabstracts has expired. Info: Hildy Miller,Associate Director, Center for Interdisci-plinary Studies of Writing, 227 Lind Hall,207 Church St. SE, University of Minne-sota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, tel:+1 612 626 7639, fax: +1 612 626 7580,mille299@tc.umn.eduhttp://cisw.cla.umn.edu/

10-14.10 Uppsala, SwedenGender, Property and EconomicChange. European Graduate School forTraining in Economic and Social HistoricalResearch (ESTER). Seminar. Deadline forabstracthas expired. Info: Maria Ågren,Dept. of History, Uppsala, St. Larsgatan2, SE-75310 Uppsala, Sweden, tel: +4618 181548, fax: +46 18 181528,maria.agren@hist.uu.se

14-17.10 Wageningen,The NetherlandsGender and Rural Transformations inEurope. Past Present and FutureProspects. Info: Margreet van der Burg,Gender Studies in Agriculture,Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen,the Netherlands, tel. +31 317 483374,fax: +31 317 485477,Gender.Conf@alg.vsl.wau.nl http://www.sls.wau.nl/crds/congr_gs.htm

15-16.10 Berlin, GermanyThe Military, War and Gender Rela-tions; 1914-1949. The objective of thecolloquium is to present research inprogress and to promote a discussionbetween military historians and scholarsworking in the field of women’s andgender history of central issues in thegender history of war and the military inthe 20th century. Info: Marcus Funck, c/oZentrum für Interdisziplinäre Frauen- undGeschlechterforschung an der TU Berlin,Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, Sekr. TEL 20-1,10587 Berlin, Germany,tel: +49 30 31426974,fax: +49 30 3142698,mafunccd@sp.zrz.tu-berlin.de

25-29.10 Havana, CubaWomen on the Eve of the 21st Century.3rd International Workshop. Deadlinefor abstracts 24.07. Info: Norma Vasallo,Cátedra de la Mujer, Universidad de LaHabana, San Rafael No 1168 esquinaMazón, Zona 4 Código Postal 10400,Ciudad Habana, Cuba, fax: +537 335774& +537 335960, cmujer@psico.uh.cu

29-31.10 Uppsala, SwedenReconsidering the Canon:Feminist Work on the History ofPhilosophy.Deadline for abstracts has expired.Info: Sharon.Rider@filosofi.uu.se &Katarina.Sjokvist@,filosofi.uu.se &Lilli.Alanen@filosofi.uu.se

05-06.11 Aalborg, DenmarkTalking Gender and Sexuality. Sympo-sium. Deadline for abstracts 01.08. Info:Paul McIlvenny, Dept. of Languages andIntercultural Studies, Kroghstræde 3,Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg,Denmark, tel: +45 9635 9169, fax: +459815 7887, paul@sprog.auc.dk http://www.sprog.auc.dk/~paul/conf99/

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Calendar 1999-200018-29.11 Yukon, CanadaNothern Women: Different Lives,Common Threads. A CircumpolarWomen’s Conference. Info: AmandaGraham, Yukon College, P.O. Box 2799,Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5K4, Canada,fax: +1 867 668 8828, http://www.yukoncollege.yk.ca/~agraham/womensconf/

10-12.12 Gregynog, WalesIdentities in Action! Interdisiplinaryconference which aims to gather diverseperspectives on the ways in whichconcepts of identity, aliention andbelonging, and modes of language anddiscourse, reveal themselves in culturaland political undertakings. Info: DanielChandler, dgc@aber.ac.uk & MeicLlewellyn, mml97@aber.ac.uk http://www.aber.ac.uk/~dgc/identact.html

2000January Southampton, UKGender, Nation, Nationalism in 20thCentury Europe. Deadline for proposalshas expired. Info: Jane Freedman, Dept.of Modern Languages, University ofSouthampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ,UK, jf@lang.soton.ac.uk

04-06.02 Toronto, CanadaMothering in the African Diaspora:Literature, History, Society, PopularCulture and the Arts. An internationalconference. Deadline for abstracts hasexpired. Info: Andrea OReilly, A.R.M, 726Atkinson College, York University, 4700Keele Street, Toronto, ON Canada M3J1P3, tel: +1 416 736 2100 x40206,fax: +1 416 736 5416, arm@yorku.ca

02-04.03 Seville, SpainThe Rhetoric(s) of Masculinity. Deadlinefor abstracts 27.09.1999. Info: CarolinaSanchez-Palencia & Juan Carlos Hidalgo,Departamento de Literatura Inglesa yNorteamericana, Universidad de Sevilla,C/. Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 41004Sevilla, Spain, fax: +34 954551552,csanchez@siff.us.es & jhidalgo@siff.us.es

12-15.04 Amsterdam,The NetherlandsGender and Technology. 3rd EuropeanSocial History conference. Info: RaymondHofman, Belle van Zuylen Institute, Rokin84-90, 1012 KX Amsterdam, the Nether-lands, tel: +31 20 525 3612, fax: +31 20525 2219, hofman@pscw.uva.nl

26-29.05 Ontario, CanadaSimone de Beauvoir - L’engagementd’une oeuvre et d’une vie. Colloqueinternational. Propositions de contribu-tions avant 1.10.1999. Info: HélèneBenbaruk, Etudes françaises, Trentuniversity, Peterborogh, Ontario, CanadaK9J 7B8, tel: +1 705 748 1394, fax: +1705 748 1630, hbenbaruk@trentu.ca

08-11.06 Vancouver, CanadaWomen Work and Computerisation:Charting a Course to the Future. 7thInternational Federation of InformationProcessing. Info: Deborah Kirby,WWC2000, c/o School of Communica-tion, Simon Fraser University, 8888University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6Canada, dkirby@sfu.ca

29.07-03.08 Tampere, FinlandVI ICCEES (International Council forCentral and East European Studies)World Congress. Special field of study:Investigating Gender. Call for papersdeadline has expired. Info: FinnishInstitute for Russian and East EuropeanStudies, Annankatu 44, FI-00100 Helsinki,Finland, tel: +358 9 22854434,fax: +358 9 22854431.

Late August/early September 2000 Oslo,NorwayConflict and Cooperation in Sites ofCultural Co-existence: Perspectivesfrom Women’s History conference by theInternational Federation for Research inWomen’s History/FederationInternationale pour le Recherche enHistoire des Femmes in conjunction. Info:Ida Blom, Dept. of History, University ofBergen, P.O.Box 25, NO-5027 Bergen,Norway, tel: +47 55 58 23 02,ida.blom@hi.uib.no

Early September 2000 Zürich, Switzerland2nd European Conference on GenderEquality in Higher Education. Info:Office of Equal Opportunity, Prof. K. vonSalis, Geological Institute, 8092 Zürich,Switzerland, katharina@erdw.ethz.ch

28.09-01.10 Bologna, Italy4th European Feminist ResearchConference.Info: aoife-secretariat@nikk.uio.no

04-08.10 Zürich, SwitzerlandKnowledge, Power, Gender. Philosophyand the Future of the «Female Condi-tion». The 9th Symposium of theInternational Association of womenPhilosophers. Info: http://www.iaph.org

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NordicNordic Institute for Women’s Studiesand Gender Research - NIKKSee last page.

Nordic Association for Women’sStudies and Gender ResearchAtt: Gerd BjørhovdeFaculty of HumanitiesUniversity of TromsøNO-9037 Tromsø, Norwaytel: +47 77 64 42 64fax: +47 77 64 56 25gerd.bjorhovde@hum.uit.no

NORA - Nordic Journalof Women’s StudiesEditorial address:Division: Gender & TechnologyLuleå University of TechnologySE-971 87 Luleå, Swedentel: +46 920 919 67/+46 31 773 41 92fax: +46 920 918 66nora@arb.luth.seBusiness address:Scandinavian University PressP.O. Box 2959 TøyenNO-0608 Oslo, Norwaytel: +47 22 57 54 00fax: +47 22 57 53 53subscription@scup.nowww.scup.no/journals/en/j-123.html

DenmarkNational Co-ordination & NationalJournal Kvinder, køn og forskningHilda Rømer ChristensenInstitute of SociologyUniversity of CopenhagenLinnésgade 22DK-1361 Copenhagen Ktel: +45 35 32 35 01fax: +45 35 32 39 40sochrc@pc.ibt.dkwww.forskraad.dk/saerforsk/kvindeforsk/index.htm

The Association for Women’s Studiesand Gender Research in DenmarkDepartment of Feminist Studies Univer-sity of Southern Denmark - OdenseUniversityCampusvej 55DK-5230 Odense Mtel: +45 65 50 31 89fax: +45 66 15 78 92lisbethr@sigma.ou.dkwww.ou.dk/hum/studier/kstudier/fkkd/index.html

KVINFO - The Danish Centre forInformation on Women and GenderChristians Brygge 3DK-1219 Copenhagen Ktel: +45 33 13 50 88fax: +45 33 14 11 56kvinfo@kvinfo.dkwww.kvinfo.dk

The Women’s History ArchivesStatsbiblioteketUniversitetsparkenDK-8000 Århus Ctel: +45 89 46 23 00fax: +45 89 46 22 20el@kumsb.dkwww.statsbiblioteket.dk/sb/samlinger/kvindehistorisk_samling.html

Women’s Museum in DenmarkDomkirkeplads 5DK-8000 Århus Ctel: +45 86 13 61 44fax: +45 86 19 22 35kvindemuseet@post5.tele.dkwww.kvindemuseet.dk

Center for Gender and Women’sStudies in CopenhagenUniversity of CopenhagenNjalsgade 80DK-2300 Copenhagen Stel: +45 35 32 88 11fax: +45 35 32 83 77kvik@coco.ihi.ku.dkwww.nordisk.ku.dk/konsforsking/index.htm

Department of Feminist Studiesin OdenseUniversity of Southern Denmark - OdenseUniversityCampusvej 55DK-5230 Odense M

tel: +45 65 50 33 88fax: +45 66 15 78 92nly@litcul.sdu.dkwww.ou.dk/hum/studier/kstudier/center.html

Feminist Research in RoskildeRoskilde University CentreP.O. Box 260DK-4000 Roskildetel: +45 46 74 25 55fax: +45 46 75 54 90kathe@ruc.dk

FREIA - Feminist Research Centrein AalborgAalborg UniversityFibigerstræde 2DK-9220 Aalborg Øtel: +45 96 35 83 10fax: +45 98 15 32 98line@i4.auc.dkwww.i4.auc.dk/freia/

CEKVINA - Center for Gender Studiesin ÅrhusUniversity of AarhusFinlandsgade 26 BDK-8200 Århus Ntel: +45 89 42 44 45fax: +45 86 10 82 28cekvina@hum.aau.dkwww.au.dk/dk/hum/cekvina/index.html

Department of Women and Genderin MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenBlegdamsvej 3DK-2200 Copenhagen Ntel: +45 35 32 79 70fax: +45 35 35 11 81b.petersson@socmed.ku.dk

Women’s Studies at the Royal DanishSchool of Educational StudiesEmdrupvej 101DK-2400 Copenhagen NVtel: +45 39 69 66 33fax: +45 39 69 74 74susannek@dlh1.dlh.dk

Division in Århus:Rudolfgårdsvej 1DK-8260 Viby Jtel: +45 86 28 44 44fax: +45 86 28 49 27reisby@aarhus.dlh.dk

Addresses

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Institute of Women’s Studies in ÅboÅbo Akademi UniversityFI-20500 Åbotel: +358 2 215 4869fax: +358 2 215 4668kvinnoforsk@abo.fiwww.abo.fi/instut/kvinnis/ifkvhems.htm

Women’s Studies - Swedish School ofEconomics and BusinessAdministrationAtt. Anne KovalainenP.O. Box 479FI-00101 Helsingforstel: +358 9 431 33 278fax: +358 9 431 33 275anne.kovalainen@shh.fi

IcelandThe Library of Women’s HistoryNational and University Library of IcelandArngrímsgötu 3IS-107 Reykjavíktel & fax: +354 525 5779kona@bok.hi.is

Centre for Women’s Studies -

ReykjavíkAƒalbyggingUniversity of IcelandIS-101 Reykjavíktel: +354 525 4595fax: +354 552 1331fem@rhi.hi.is

Program in Gender Studies - ReykjavíkFaculty of HumanitiesNyja GarƒiUniversity of IcelandIS-101 Reykjavíktel: +354 525 4400fax: +354 525 4410gb@hi.is

FinlandNational Co-ordinatorLiisa SavunenCouncil for Equality between Men andWomenP.O. Box 267FI-00171 Helsinkitel: +358 9 160 4459fax: +358 9 160 4582liisa.savunen@stm.vn.fi

Association for Women’s Studiesin Finlandc/o Christina Institute forWomen’s StudiesP.O. Box 4FI-00014 University of Helsinkitel: +358 9 191 23387fax: +358 9 191 23315anna.lind@helsinki.fi

The National Journal Naistutkimus-KvinnoforskningUniversity of TampereP.O. Box 607FI-33101 Tamperetel: +358 3 215 7992fax: +358 3 215 6562mn24851@uta.fiwww.uta.fi/laitokset/naistutkimus/ntlehti.html

Christina Institute for Women’s Studiesin HelsinkiP.O. Box 4FI-00014 University of Helsinkitel: +358 9 19123395/+358 9 19123387fax: +358 9 19123315kris_ins@helsinki.fiwww.helsinki.fi/~kris_ntk/

Women’s Studies in JoensuuUniversity of JoensuuInstitution of PsychologyP.O. Box 111FI-80101 Joensuutel: +358 13 251 4271fax: +358 13 251 4533airi.hautamaki@joensuu.fi

Women’s Studies in JyväskyläUniversity of JyväskyläDepartment of Social Sciences &PhiolosophyP.O. Box 35FI-40351 Jyväskylätel: +358 14 603 102fax: +358 14 603 101ejokineni@dodo.jyu.fi

Women’s Studies in KuopioUniversity of KuopioDepartment of Health Policy & Manage-mentP.O. Box 6127FI-70211 Kuopiotel: +358 17 162 600fax: +358 17 162 999sirkka.sinkkonen@uku.fi

Women’s Studies in OuluUniversity of OuluFaculty of EducationP.O. Box 222FI-90571 Oulutel: +358 8 553 3720fax: +358 8 553 3451vsunnari@ktk.oulu.fiwwwedu.oulu.fi/nt/

Women’s Studies in RovaniemiUniversity of LaplandFaculty of EducationP.O. Box 122FI-96101 Rovaniemitel: +358 16 324 411fax: +358 16 324 401mkutuniva@levi.urova.fi

The Department of Women’s Studiesin TampereUniversity of TampereP.O. Box 607FI-33101 Tamperetel: +358 3 215 7203fax: +358 3 215 6562nty@uta.fiwww.uta.fi/laitokset/naistutkimus/

Centre for Women’s Studiesin TurkuFI-20014 University of Turkutel: +358 2 333 5298fax: +358 2 333 5080ntkeskus@utu.fiwww.utu.fi/hum/naistutkimus/

Addresses

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34

SwedenSwedish Secretariatfor Gender ResearchGöteborg UniversityP.O. Box 200SE-405 30 Göteborgtel: +46 31 773 5600fax: +46 31 773 5604sekretariat@genus.gu.sewww.genus.gu.se

Women’s History CollectionsGöteborg University LibraryP.O. Box 5096SE-402 22 Göteborgtel: +46 31 7731761fax: +46 31 16 37 97kvinnohistoriska.samlingarna@ub.gu.sewww.ub.gu.se/kvinny/hem.htm

The national journalKvinnovetenskaplig tidskriftCentrum för kvinnoforskningStockholms universitetSE-106 91 Stockholmtel: +46 8 674 7308fax: +46 8 674 7300kvt@kvinfo.su.se

Association for Women’s Studiesin GävleAtt: Gärd FolkesdotterIBFP.O. Box 785SE-801 29 Gävletel: +46 26 420 6516fax: +46 26 420 6501gard.folkesdotter@ibf.uu.se

Department of Feminist Studiesin GöteborgUniversity of GöteborgP.O. Box 215SE-405 30 Göteborgtel: +46 31 773 41 90fax: +46 31 773 41 99kvinnovetenskap@gu.sewww.wmst.gu.se/

Centre for Gender Studies in KarlstadKarlstad UniversitetSE-651 88 Karlstadtel: +46 54 7001538fax: +46 54 836996berit.grinups@kau.se

Centre for Feminist Researchin OsloUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1040 BlindernNO-0315 Oslotel: +47 22 85 89 30 fax: +47 22 85 89 50sfk@sfk.uio.nowwworg.uio.no/www-other/sfk/

Centre for Women’s Studies andWomen in Research in TromsøUniversity of TromsøNO-9037 Tromsøtel: +47 77 64 63 93fax: +47 77 64 64 20kvinnforsk@skk.uit.nowww.skk.uit.no/

Centre for Women’s Researchin TrondheimNorwegian University of Science andTechnology NTNUNO-7491 Trondheimtel: +47 73 59 17 88fax: +47 73 59 13 27kari.heitmann@hf.ntnu.nowww.hf.ntnu.no/itk/skf/

Institute of Women’s Law at theDepartment of Public LawKarl Johansgate 47NO-0162 Oslotel: +47 22 85 94 65fax: +47 22 85 94 66elisabeth.vigerust@jus.uio.no

The Research Group for Womenand Regional DevelopmentFinnmark CollegeFollumsvei 31NO-9500 Altatel: +47 78 45 05 00fax: +47 78 43 44 38liv.byrkjeflot@hifm.no

ODA - Women’s Studies networkin LillehammerP.O. Box 1104 SkurvaNO-2601 Lillehammer Collegetel: +47 61 28 83 87fax: +47 61 28 81 90ingrid.guldvik@ostforsk.no

NorwaySection for Feminist Research PolicyThe Research Council of NorwayP.O. Box 2700 St. HanshaugenNO-0131 Oslotel: +47 22 03 74 29fax: +47 22 03 72 21skf@forskningsradet.no

KILDEN Information and Documenta-tion Centre for Women’s and GenderResearch in Norway & the NationalJournal KvinneforskningThe Research Council of Norway P.O. Box2700 St. HanshaugenNO-0131 Oslotel: +47 22 03 74 36fax: +47 22 03 72 50kilden@forskningsradet.nowww.kilden.ravn.no

Documentation Services for Literatureabout WomenUniversity Library of BergenHaakon Sheteligspl. 7NO-5007 Bergentel: +47 55 58 25 04fax: +47 55 58 97 03hanne.johansen@ub.uib.nowww.ubb.uib.no/avdeling/kvindok/base.htm

The Women’s Museum at Rolighedin KongsvingerLøkkegata 35NO-2201 Kongsvingertel: +47 62 81 92 99kvinnemuseet@east.nowww.kongsvinger.museum.no/index.html

Centre for Women’s and GenderResearch in BergenUniversity of BergenP.O. Box 7800NO-5020 Bergentel: +47 55 58 24 71fax: +47 55 58 96 64kjell.soleim@hkv.uib.nowww.hf.uib.no/i/hkv/default.html

Addresses

35

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Centre for Women’s Studiesin UmeåUmeå UniversitySE-901 87 Umeåtel: +46 90 786 6043fax: +46 90 786 9710monica.forsell-allergren@cws.umu.sewww.umu.se/umu/kvf/

Centre for Feminist Researchin UppsalaUniversity of UppsalaSt. Johannesgatan 21SE-753 12 Uppsalatel: +46 18 471 2275fax: +46 18 471 3570denise.malmberg@cfr.uu.sewww.uu.se/Adresser/Directory/deps/SI15.html

Centre for Women’s Studiesand Research in ÖrebroDepartment of Social ScienceÖrebro UniversitySE-701 82 Örebrotel: +46 19 30 30 55fax: +46 19 30 34 84kvinnovetenskapligt.forum@sam.oru.sewww.hoe.se/org/inst/sam/kvinno.html

The Faroe IslandsAtt: Malan MarnersdóttirUniversity of the Faroe IslandsHandan Á 5FO-100 Tórshavntel: +298 315302fax: +298 318929malmar@fmd.fo

Centre for Women’s Studiesin LinköpingLinköping UniversitySE-581 83 Linköpingtel: +46 13 282174fax: +46 13 133630elisa@kvforum.liu.sewww.liu.se/org/kvinnoforum/

Gender Studies in LinköpingLinköping UniversitySE-581 83 Linköpingmaghi@tema.liu.sewww.tema.liu.se/tema-g/

Department ofGender and Technology in LuleåLuleå University of TechnologySE-971 87 Luleåtel: +46 920 910 00fax: +46 920 918 66genus_teknik@arb.luth.sewww.luth.se/depts/arb/genus_tekn/index.htm

Centre for Women’s Studiesin LundLund UniversityP.O. Box 117SE-221 00 Lundtel: +46 46 222 4059/7624/9778fax: +46 46 222 4004kvf@kvf.lu.sewww.kvf.lu.se

Centre for Women’s Studiesin StockholmStockholm UniversitySE-106 91 Stockholmtel: +46 8 16 22 22fax: +46 8 674 73 00aulikki.cederholm@kvinfo.su.sewww.kvinfo.su.se/

Centre for Women’s Studiesin SundsvallMid Sweden UniversitySE-851 70 Sundsvalltel: +46 60 18 86 00fax: +46 60 18 87 83

AddressesContact persons forMen’s Studiesin the Nordic countriesDenmarkSøren ErvøStevnsgade 4DK 2200 København Ntel: +45 31 39 99 82,serv@vip.cybercity.dk

FinlandArto JokinenHämeenpuisto 12 A 7FI 33210 Tamperetel: + 358 3 212 99 09fax: + 358 3 215 65 62tlarjo@uta.fi

IcelandIngólfur V. GíslasonSkrifstofa jafnréttismálaP.O.Box 996IS 121 Reykjaviktel: +354 552 7420fax: +354 562 7424ingolfur@jafnretti.is

NorwayKnut OftungKompetansesenter for LikestillingP.O.Box 8036 DepNO 0030 Oslotel: +47 22 24 25 64fax: +47 22 24 95 21knut.oftung@likestilling.no

SwedenPer FolkessonKarlstads UniversitetSE 65188 Karlstadtel: +46 54 7001421fax: +46 54 839165per.folkesson@kau.se

NIKK 1999DirectorFride Eeg-Henriksentel: +47 22 85 89 43fride.eeg-henriksen@nikk.uio.no

Head of ResearchEva Magnussontel: +47 22 85 87 13eva.magnusson@nikk.uio.no

Information coordinatorMaria Grönroostel: +47 22 85 89 34 maria.gronroos@nikk.uio.no

Co-ordinator for Men’s StudiesØystein Gullvåg Holtertel: +47 22 85 88 57oystein.holter@nikk.uio.no

Researcher/Project coordinatorJill Lewistel: +47 22 85 89 31jill.lewis@nikk.uio.no

ConsultantsCathrine Tømtetel: +47 22 85 87 14cathrine.tomte@nikk.uio.no

Elisabeth K. Lorenzentel: +47 22 85 88 71

Guro Karstensentel: +47 22 85 88 76guro.karstensen@nikk.uio.no

John Tømterudtel: +47 22 85 89 21john.tomterud@nikk.uio.no

Return address:NIKKNordic Institute for Women’s Studiesand Gender ResearchUniversity of OsloP.O.Box 1156 BlindernNO-0317 Oslo, Norway

NIKK, The Nordic institute for Women’s Studies and Gender Research, isfinanced by the Nordic Council of Ministers,Store Strandstræde 18, DK-1255 Copenhagen K, Denmark,tel: +45 33960200, fax: +45 33960216, www.norden.org

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Send toNIKKP.O.Box 1156 BlindernNO-0317 OsloNorwaytel: +47 22 85 89 21fax: +47 22 85 89 50nikk@nikk.uio.nowww.uio.no/www-other/nikk/

Editorial informationNews from NIKK, no. 1, 1999, vol. 4.ISSN 0807-1497Editing finished 7.5.99.Editors reserve the rights to shortenand edit texts received.Language revision by Diana Anders.

Editorial boardFride Eeg-Henriksen, editorMaria Grönroos & Cathrine Tømte

Deadlines for next issuesNytt fra NIKK no 2/99Deadline 15.8.99. Published Sept. 99.News from NIKK no 2/99Deadline 30.10.99. Published Dec. 99.