Derivation of expression for terminal velocity and displacement of a body falling under

gravity in a resistive and non – resistive medium. ---3 hrs

Motion along a curve in a plane; Expression for radial and transverse components of

velocity and acceleration. Application to (1) uniform circular motion (2) areal velocity of

a planet. ---3 hrs

Elastic and inelastic collisions in two dimensions. ---2 hrs

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION

JAYANAGAR, BANGALORE - 11

2015-16 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

I SEMESTER SYLLABUS

PAPER – 1.1

Mechanics, States of Matter, Oscillations &Thermal Physics

Problems to be worked out in all chapters

UNIT 1

Motion in one and two dimensions

Newton’s laws of motion with illustrations (review); Newton’s laws of motion in vector

form; Definition of angular momentum and torque of a particle, Newton’s second law in

angular form dL/dt = r x f ; conservation of angular momentum, some examples;

limitations of Newton’s second law of motion; concept of inertial and gravitational mass;

Distinction between mass and weight; Applying Newton’s laws to solve problems using

the concept of free body diagram.

---6 hrs

UNIT II

Frames of Reference

Inertial and Non – inertial frames of reference; Frames moving with uniform velocity;

Galilean relativity; uniformly accelerated frames of reference in rectilinear motion;

uniformly rotating frames of reference with examples; concepts of pseudo and inertial

forces; coriolis force and its application in the explanation of (1) Trade winds (2)

cyclones (3) Erosion of river banks. --- 6 hrs

Friction

Stati , kinetic and rolling friction. Theory of a body rolling down an inclined plane with

and without friction; kinetic energy of a body rolling down on an inclined plane

(translational and rotational). Problems using free body diagrams. ---5 hrs

Work and Energy

Work done by a constant and variable force; Work energy theorem; Work and potential

energy; examples of potential energy; Work done by gravitational force; Work done by

spring force, Conservative and non conservative forces; Conservation of energy.

----3 hrs

UNIT III

Plasma state

Introduction of plasma state of matter, composition, classification and characteristics of

plasma; number density of particles, degree of ionisation and expression for Debye

screening distance. Methods of producing plasma. Plasma in nature (qualitative) (i) in

earth’s atmosphere (ii) in stellar atmosphere. Plasma devices (1) plasma torch (2)

plasma sprayer (3) MHD generator.

---7 hrs

Binding in Solids

Elementary ideas of crystal binding; formation of ionic, covalent, metallic, molecular and

hydrogen –bonded crystals and their properties. Liquid crystals – classification,

properties and applications of liquid crystals. ---4 hrs

Oscillations

Review of waves, Simple harmonic motion, Theory of simple and compound pendulum,

damped oscillations, forced oscillations; resonance with examples. ---3 hrs

UNIT IV

System of particles

Centre of mass of rigid bodies; Newton’s law for a system of particles; Linear momentum

for a particle and a system of particles; conservation of linear momentum; system with

varying mass; Rocket motion. ------------------------------------------------------------ 3 hrs

Thermal physics

Review of gas laws, Derivation of PV = 1/3mnc2, degrees of freedom and principle of

equipartition of energy based on kinetic theory of gases,atomicity of gases, derivation of

U = 3/2RT on atomicity. Introduction to atomic heat of solids, mean free path, transport

phenomena like diffusion, viscosity and thermal conductivity of gases with derivation,

relation between coefficient of viscosity and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of

gas. Change of state; real gases; Andrew’s experiment on carbon dioxide; critical

constants; Vanderwaal’s equation of state and correction; comparison of Vanderwaal’s

isothermals with Andrew’s isothermals.

Maxwell’s law of distribution of velocity (with derivation), calculation of most probable

velocity, mean velocity and root mean square velocity.

---11 hrs

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION

JAYANAGAR, BANGALORE-11

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

II SEMESTER SYLLABUS

PAPER – 2.1

Properties of matter & Thermodynamics

Problems to be worked out in all chapters

UNIT 1

Elasticity

Review of elastic behaviour of solids in general, origin of elastic forces, stress – strain

diagram, elastic limit & Hooke’s law, moduli of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio, derivation

of relation connecting elastic constants, limiting values of Poisson’s ratio, work done in

straining an elastic body(qualitative), resilence; thermal stress, factors affecting

elasticity, factor of safety.

Beams

Bending of beams, neutral surface and neutral axis, expression for bending moment;

single cantilever with theory, couple per unit twist, torsional oscillations, Rigidity

modulus of a material by static method and dynamic method with theory.

---10 hrs

Surface tension

Molecular interpretation of surface tension, surface energy, angle of contact and wetting;

pressure difference across a curved surface. Factors affecting surface tension.

Interfacial tension-Drop weight method with necessary theory. ---4 hrs

UNIT II

Moment of Inertia

Angular velocity and acceleration; Kinetic energy of rotation; Moment of inertia and

radius of gyration; Parallel and Perpendicular axes theorem with proof; Determination of

moment of inertia of a disc, ring, solid sphere, rectangular plate and cylinder.

--- 7 hrs

Kinematics of moving fluids

Review of equation of continuity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynold’s number and

its significance, critical velocity, Euler’s equation of motion,Bernoulli’s theorem,Some

applications of Bernoulli’s equation (1) speed of efflux (Torricelli’s theorem) (2)

Venturimeter(3) The curved flight of a spinning ball (Magnus effect) (4) the lift of an

aircraft wing(all qualitative).

---4 hrs

Viscosity

Coefficient of Viscosity, derivation of Poiseulle’s formula for the flow of a viscous fluid

through a narrow tube, Stoke’s law – statement, expression for terminal velocity; factors

affecting viscosity.

---3 hrs

UNIT III

Thermodynamics

The zeroth law of thermodynamics – statement and explanation; thermodynamic

variables; extensive and intensive; equation of states; various processes; p –V diagram.

The first law of thermodynamics; sign convention of heat and work; work done by an

isothermal process of an ideal gas; internal energy as a state function; application of first

law for (1) cyclic process (2) adiabatic process (3) isochoric process (4) isobaric process

(5) isothermal process. Adiabatic process for an ideal gas; Relation between temperature

and volume, pressure and volume, pressure and temperature. Work done in an adiabatic

process for ideal gases; Reversible and Irreversible processes, Enthalpy.

--- 7 hrs

Second law of thermodynamics

Statements of Second law of thermodynamics; heat engines – Carnot’s cycle and its

efficiency with derivation, refrigerator, Carnot’s theorem, Clausius - Clapeyron

equation; elevation of boiling point, depression of melting point; the triple point.

---4 hrs

Entropy

Second law of thermodynamics and entropy; Clausius inequality; principle of increase of

entropy; change in entropy in (1) adiabatic process (2) free expansion(3) cyclic process

(4) isobaric process; temperature – entropy (T – S) diagram of a Carnot’s cycle and its

use; Third law of thermodynamic(Nernst Heat theorem).

---3 hrs

UNIT IV

Thermodynamic potentials

1) Internal energy 2) Enthalpy 3) Helmoltz free energy 4) Gibb’s free energy and their

significance; conditions of equilibrium of phases in terms of Gibb’s potential. Maxwell’s

thermodynamic relations, variation of internal energy with volume; difference between

the heat capacities for ideal and real gases; TdS equations; energy equations; temperature

variation under adiabatic processes.

---6 hrs

Low temperature Physics

Phase transitions; liquefactions of gases (1) Joule – Kelvin’s Porous Plug

experiment(Thomson effect):- working and discussion of results; expression for Joule –

Kelvin Coefficient; Joule – Kelvin heating and cooling for perfect gases; temperature of

inversion; its relation with critical temperature. (2) Adiabatic demagnetisation (Thermo

magnetic effect)- production of low temperatures by Adiabatic demagnetisation: working.

---5 hrs

Liquefaction of gases

Cascade process, Regenerative cooling coupled with Joule Thomson cooling; Adiabatic

expansion with Joule Thomson cooling (qualitative). Comparison of adiabatic expansion

and Joule – Thomson cooling. ---3 hrs

PHYSICS SYLLABUS

III-SEMESTER

COURSE NO: PHYSICS –3.1

ELECTROMAGNETISM,THERMOELECTRICTY, RADIATION & OPTICS – I

Problems to be worked out in all the chapters.

UNIT-1

Electro Magnetic Induction : Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws- RH rule , energy stored in a

Inductor – elementary ideas about eddy currents and applications- electromagnetic

damping – induction furnace – induction motor- electric brakes and speedometers.

(3 hrs)

Electromagnetism : Review of vector analysis- Physical significance of divergence of a

vector and Gauss theorem- physical significance of curl of a vector and Stoke’s theorem.

Concept of displacement and total current, equation of continuity-setting up of Maxwell’s

equations – setting up of wave equations for Electric &Magnetic fields – Velocity of e.m

wave in vacuum (free space) & dielectric medium – light as e.m wave – transverse nature

of e.m wave (proof)- Poynting theorem – Poynting vector – energy density of e.m waves.

(11 hrs)

UNIT- II

Thermoelectricity : Seebeck effect- thermoelectric series-neutral and inversion

temperature , laws of thermo electricity – Peltier effect –demonstration of Peltier effect

(any one experiment ) Peltier coefficient – applications of thermodynamics to

thermoelectric circuit –Thomson effect –Experiment to demonstrate Thomson effect (any

one experiment ) Thomson coefficient –theory of thermoelectric circuit (total EMF),

thermoelectric power diagram and applications of thermoelectricity- Boys’ radio

micrometer, thermopile and thermo pyrometer.

(7 hrs)

Radiation : Black body radiation and distribution of energy in its spectrum –Stefan’s law

- Stefan –Boltzmann law and Wien’s distribution law.

Wien’s displacement law – Rayleigh-Jean’s law –Derivation of Planck’s law-deduction of

Rayleigh-Jean’s law and Wien’s law. Radiation pressure (without derivation)-Solar

constant and its determination – Estimation of surface temperature of the sun.

(7 hrs)

UNIT -III

Physical Optics : Huygens’ wave theory of light – concept of Huygens’ Principle and

construction of wave front, Proof of laws of reflection and refraction of a plane wavefront

and spherical wave front at a plane surface.

(4 hrs)

Interference : Review of interference of light waves. Conditions for observable

interference. Coherent sources: Production of coherent sources by amplitude division

method ,wave front division method. Biprism –construction ,working and experiment to

find wavelength, white light fringes. Determination of Refractive index and thickness of

thin film using Biprism.

(6 hrs)

Colours of thin flims : Theory of Reflected and transmitted system . Stokes treatment of

reflected and transmitted amplitudes –Theory and experiment of Air wedge, Newton’s

Rings. Applications-Determination of R.I. and Radius of curvature of convex lens.

(4 hrs)

UNIT- IV

Diffraction of light : Fresnel diffraction-Division of wave front into half period/ Fresnel

Half Period Zones –Theory of rectilinear propagation of light, Zone Plate: Preparation

and working as a lens ,Expression for focal length , comparison with lens. Theory of

diffraction at a straight edge.

Fraunhoffer diffraction –Theory of Single slit experiment. Theory of plane diffraction

grating for Normal and oblique incidence.

(10 hrs)

Electrical appliances: Incandescent lamps-Fluorescent lamps-CFL- inverter-basic

principles of stabilizer-principle and operation of fan, wet grinder, mixer, water heater

and microwave oven.

(4 hrs)

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION

JAYANAGAR,BANGALORE 11

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

IV SEMESTER SYLLABUS

PAPER – 4.1 Electricity, Magnetism & Optics – II

Problems to be worked out in all units

UNIT I

Transient Currents: Theory of CR circuit (charging and discharging) –LR circuit

(growth and decay) –LCR circuit (charging and discharging).

(5 hrs)

Alternating Currents:Real value, expression for the mean value and rms value –

Review of R, L & C circuits - response of LR, CR, and LCR circuit to sinusoidal

voltages –Impedence by using phasor diagram (vector method)- series and parallel

resonance circuits- expression for the ‘Q’factor, band width – expression for power in

an a.c circuit – choke – its applications.

(9 hrs)

UNIT-II

Network theorems: Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Superposition

theorem(mesh current analysis) –Maximum power transfer theorem (Derivation),

Some applications. (4 hrs)

Magnetism : Introduction. Definition of magnetic field B –Magnetic force of a

moving charge . Lorentz force, Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic

field. Torque on a current loop in a magnetic field. Ballistic galvanometer (theory) –

charge sensitivity – effect of damping – applications of B.G. Determination of

capacitance and high resistance by leakage . Magnetic dipole moment – Torque on a

magnetic dipole. Equivalence of a current loop to a magnetic dipole.

Biot- savart law. Applications. Theory of Helmoltz tangent galvanometer – magnetic

field due to a current in a straight conductor of a finite length- field along the axis of a

solenoid. Ampere’s law. Applications- magnetic field at a point due to a straight

current carrying conductor of finite length – magnetic field inside a solenoid (with

derivation). (10 hrs)

UNIT-III

Geometrical optics : Fermat’s principle –application to reflection and refraction.

Velocity of light- Focault’s rotating mirror method & Michelson’s mirror method.

Spherical and chromatic aberration – correction for these defects. (6 hrs)

Lasers :

General Principles - Spontaneous and induced emissions –optical pumping,

resonance-active medium–population inversion–Condition for laser action. Derivation

of Einstein’s coefficients. Purity of a spectral line –time and spatial coherence –Ruby

and He-Ne lasers – comparison, application of lasers.

(6 hrs)

Holography: Elementary ideas of holography-principle, theory, production and

analysis of a hologram.

(2 hrs)

UNIT- IV

Polarization of light : Polarization by double refraction –Huygens’ explanation of

double refraction for oblique incidence on a negative crystal with optic axis in the

plane of incidence and inclined to the surface. Retarding plates with theory –Theory of

Quarter wave plate and Half wave plate. Production and detection of circularly,

elliptically and linearly polarized light. Optical activity – Polarimeter.

(9 hrs)

Optical fibre: Principle, description and classification, why glass fibers? Coherent

bundle, numerical aperture of fibre. Ray dispersion in multimode step index fibers,

Dispersion due to material, dispersion and maximum bit rates, Attenuation in optical

fibers – Types and causes, Fibre optic sensors – active and passive sensors.

(5 hrs)

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

AUTONOMOUS

PHYSICS SYLLABUS

V SEMESTER

COURSE NO: PHY 5.1

Gravitation, Atmospheric Physics, Solid State and Semi Conductor Physics

Problems to be worked out in all the chapters.

Unit-1

Gravitation:

Newton’s law of Gravitation, Gravitational potential and field intensity due to

spherical distribution of matter (hollow sphere and solid sphere only). Derivation of

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion from Newton’s laws (vector method).

----4 hours

Escape velocity, elements of satellite motion, orbital velocity and time period,

launching of artificial satellites, geostationary satellites, synchronous orbits, sun

synchronous orbits and satellites. Forces on artificial satellites. Weightlessness and

artificial gravity-remote sensing- solar and terrestrial radiations, atmospheric

effects, spectral response of some natural earth surface features, remote sensing

applications, evolution of remote sensing in India. ----6 hours

Atmospheric physics:

Origin and composition of atmosphere - Fixed and variable gases, Mechanism of

production and destruction of atmospheric constituents, Different layers of

atmosphere.

Temperature structure of the atmosphere - Vertical profile and horizontal

distribution, Pressure (over land and ocean) -Variation of pressure with altitude,

hydrostatic equation, Relative and Absolute humidity, Density (over land and

ocean), wind (speed and direction).

----4 hours

Unit 2

Solid State Physics

Crystal systems and X-rays: Crystal systems-Bravais lattice; Miller indices-

spacing between lattice planes of cubic crystals, Continuous and characteristic X-

ray spectra; Moseley’s law, Scattering of X-rays- Compton Effect, Bragg’s law.

----4hours

Free electron theory of metals: Electrical conductivity- classical theory (Drude

-Lorentz model); Thermal conductivity; Wiedmann- Franz law; Density of states for

free electrons; Fermi- Dirac distribution function and Fermi energy; Expression for

Fermi energy and Kinetic energy at absolute zero. Hall Effect in metals.

----5 hours

Band theory of Solids: Elementary ideas regarding formation of energy bands;

Bloch theorem, One dimensional Kronig- Penney model; Effective mass; Energy

gap. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 hours

Superconductivity: Introduction- Experimental facts- Zero resistivity-The critical

field - The critical current density – Meissner effect, Type I and type II superconductors – BCS theory (qualitative)

Semiconductor Physics

Unit 3

----2 hours

Distinction between metals, semiconductors and insulators based on band theory.

Intrinsic semiconductors- concept of holes- effective mass- expression for carrier

concentration and electrical conductivity-extrinsic semiconductors-impurity states

in energy band diagram and the Fermi level.

Formation of P-N junction, depletion region, Biased P-N junction, variation of

width of the depletion region, drift and diffusion current- expression for diode

current. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 hours

Special Diodes: Zener diode-characteristics and its use as a voltage regulator.

Photodiodes, Solar cells and LED (principle, working and applications)

----3 hours

Transistors: Transistor action, Characteristics (CE mode), Biasing, load line

analysis-Transistor as an amplifier (CE mode). h -parameters.

----4 hours

************

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

AUTONOMOUS

PHYSICS SYLLABUS

V SEMESTER

COURSE NO: PHY 5.2

Quantum Mechanics I and II, Atomic and Molecular Physics

(Problems to be worked out in all the chapters)

Unit I

Quantum Mechanics - I

Development of Quantum Mechanics: Introduction to quantum mechanics,

Failure of classical physics to explain the phenomena such as atomic spectra, black

body radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton Effect and specific heat of solids.

Explanation of the above effects on the basis of quantum mechanics

----4 hours

Wave-Particle Duality and Uncertainty Principle: De-Broglie’s hypothesis of

matter waves, Thomson’s Experiment, Davisson and Germer’s Experiment-normal

incidence method, concepts of wave packets for a quantum particle, group velocity

and phase velocity, relation between particle velocity and group velocity. Bohr’s

quantum condition and matter waves, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle-different

forms, Gamma ray microscope experiment. Application-Why electrons cannot be

inside the nucleus? ----------------------------------------------------------------- 10 hours

Unit II

Quantum Mechanics - II

The concept of wave function, physical significance of wave function. Development

of time-dependent and time independent Schrodinger’s equation for a free particle.

Max Born’s interpretation of the wave function. Normalization and expectation

values, Quantum Mechanical operators for Ψ, P and E. Eigen values and Eigen

functions. Applications of Schrodinger equation-Particle in one dimensional box-

derivation of Eigen values and Eigen functions-mention of solutions for a three

dimensional box; Development of Schrodinger’s equation for one dimensional

Linear harmonic oscillator, derivation of Eigen values and Eigen functions, zero

point energy. Rigid rotator, Hydrogen atom-mention of Eigen functions and Eigen

values for ground state. ------------------------------------- 14 hours

Unit III

Atomic Physics

Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom- mention of expressions for total energy, wave

number and Rydberg constant. Variation of the Rydberg constant with nuclear

mass, Sommerfeld’s modification of the Bohr atomic model (qualitative), Excitation

and Ionization potentials. Concept of Space quantization and spinning electron.

Different quantum numbers associated with the vector atom model, Spectral terms

and their notations, Selection rules, Coupling schemes (l-s and j-j coupling in multi

electron systems), Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, Expression for maximum number of

electrons in an orbit. Larmor precession, Bohr magneton, Stern-Gerlach

Experiment. Zeeman Effect, Experimental study of Zeeman Effect, theory of normal

and anomalous Zeeman effect based on quantum theory.

----10 hours

Molecular Physics

Pure rotational motion, Spectrum and selection rules; Vibrational motion,

Vibrational spectrum and selection rules; Rotational-Vibrational spectrum.

Scattering of light-Tyndall, Rayleigh and Raman’s scattering. Experimental study

of Raman Effect, Quantum theory of Raman Effect-Applications.

----4 hours

*****************

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

AUTONOMOUS

PHYSICS SYLLABUS

VI SEMESTER

COURSE NO: PHY 6.1

Statistical Physics, Relativity and Electronics

(Problems to be worked out in all the chapters.)

Unit I

Statistical Physics: Introduction-Basic concepts – phase space, microstate and

macrostate - thermodynamic probability. Classical or Maxwell Boltzmann statistics - Basic postulates - Distribution function.

----3 hours

Bose -Einstein statistics: B- E distribution law (with derivation), Bose- Einstein

condensation properties of liquid He (qualitative description), Radiation as photon

gas, Bose’s derivation of Planck’s law, Rayleigh-Jeans law, Wien’s law,

Thermodynamic functions of photon gas.

----8 hours

Fermi-Dirac Statistics: Fermi Dirac distribution function (with derivation), Fermi

sphere and Fermi energy, Fermi gas. Comparison of Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-

Einstein and Fermi -Dirac distribution.

Relativity

Unit II

----3 hours

Review of frames of reference - inertial and non inertial frames; principle of

Galilean relativity.

Michelson-Morley experiment with a brief historical background-significance of

negative result. Postulates of special theory of relativity; Derivation of Lorentz

transformation equations, proper time and proper length, time dialation-illustration

with ‘twin paradox’ and life time of a µ-meson. Lorentz-Fitzgerald length

contraction; simultaneity in relativity; velocity transformation equations; variation

of mass with velocity; Mass-energy and momentum-energy relations; qualitative

introduction to Minkowski’s space.

----10 hours

Need for modulation, Types of modulation- Amplitude modulation, expression for

Modulation factor, instantaneous voltage and power distribution .Frequency

modulation, mathematical representation of FM wave. Advantages of FM over AM.

Modulation of Radio Waves

Electronics

Unit III

----4 hours

Integrated circuits: Monolith IC-description of discrete IC-Techniques of

manufacturing thin film and thick film IC.

----2 hours

Operational amplifiers: Ideal OP amplifier characteristics. The basic op-amp

circuits, Inverting amplifier, Non inverting amplifier; Applications of op amp-summer, integrator, differentiator.

Oscillators: Feedback concept-oscillator circuits-Feedback amplifiers-oscillator

operation-Barkhausen Criterion-Phase and frequency considerations-phase shift and

Weinbridge oscillator (using op amp)

----6 hours

Digital Electronics: Logic states; Voltage range of high and low states; Number

codes; Hexadecimal representation; BCD; signed numbers; Arithmetic 1’s and 2’s

Complements; Gray CODE.

Logic gates and truth tables; OR gate, AND gate; Inverter (the NOT function);

NAND and NOR; exclusive NOR.

----4 hours

Combination logic: Adders (full and half adder) and subtractors (full and half).

----2 hours

****************

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

AUTONOMOUS

PHYSICS SYLLABUS

VI SEMESTER

COURSE NO: PHY 6.2

Astro Physics, Nuclear Physics and Material Science

(Problems to be worked out in all the chapters)

Unit I

Astrophysics

Parallax and distance: Heilo-centric parallax, Definition of parsec (pc),

Astronomical unit (AU), light year(ly) and their relations.

Luminosity of stars: Apparent brightness, Apparent magnitude-scale of

Hipparchus. Absolute magnitude - distance-modulus relationship. Distinction

between visual and bolometric magnitudes, Radius of a star.

----3 hours

Stellar classification: Pickering classification and Yerke’s luminosity

classification. H-R diagram, Main sequence stars and their general characteristics.

Gravitational potential energy or self energy of a star based on the linear density

model, Statement and explanation of Virial theorem.

Surface or effective temperature and colour of a star; Application of laws of Black

body Radiation to stellar temperature and Luminosity Wien’s displacement law.

Expression for average temperature, core temperature , thermonuclear reactions,

hydrostatic equilibrium- core pressure of a star based on the linear density model

of a star. Photon diffusion time (qualitative) , Mass-luminosity relationship and

expression for life time of a star.

----7 hours

Evolution of stars: Stages of star formation (Giant Molecular Cloud (GMC) -

Protostar) and main sequence evolution. White dwarfs, Pulsars, Neutron stars and

Black holes. Variable stars, (qualitative) Supernova explosion and types.

Chandrashekhar’s limit (qualitative) Event horizon, singularity and Schwarzchild’s

radius of Black holes (qualitative).

----4 hours

Unit II

Nuclear Physics

Alpha particle scattering: Rutherford’s theory of alpha particle scattering

(assuming the path to be hyperbolic)

Alpha decay: Disintegration energy and Range of alpha particle, Gieger-Nuttal

law. Brief description of the characteristics of alpha ray spectrum, Gamow’s theory

of alpha decay.

Beta decay: Types of beta decay (electron, positron and electron capture)

Characteristics of beta ray spectrum and Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis. 7 hours

Particle Detectors and accelerators: Variation of ionization current with applied

voltage in a gas ionization chamber and identification of regions of operation of

ionization detector, proportional counter and G.M. counter, working of G.M.

counter. Cyclotron, Electron Synchrotron. -------------------------------------- 4 hours

Nuclear reactions: Conservation laws in nuclear reactions with examples. Types

of nuclear reactions. Expression for Q-value of a nuclear reaction - Endoergic and

Exoergic reactions, threshold energy. ----------------------------------------------3 hours

Unit III

Material Science

Nanomaterials-Synthesis techniques (Top down and bottom up) - Electron

confinement - Size effect - Surface to volume ratio; distinction between

nanomaterials and bulk materials in terms of energy band. Distinct properties of

nanomaterials. Classification of Nanosystems-quantum dots, nanowires and nano

films. Multilayered materials - Graphene, Fullerene, Carbon Nano Tube (CNT),

Mention of application of nanomaterials. ----------------------------------------- 5hours

Dielectrics: Static dielectric constant, polarizability (electronic, ionic and

orientation), calculation of Lorentz field (derivation), Clausius-Mosotti equation

(derivation), dielectic breakdown, electrostriction (qualitative), electrets. Piezo

electric effect, cause, examples and applications. -------------------------------- 5 hours

Liquid Crystals: Classification-Thermotropic and lyotropic. Properties –

anisotropy in dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility,

refractive index and elasticity. Applications: construction and operation of twisted

nematic display and Thermography. ----------------------------------------------- 4 hours

******************

I Semester Physics Practicals (PHY 1.1P)

1. Bar pendulum – ‘g’ by graphical method.

2. Helmoltz Resonator.

3. Damping of a rigid pendulum.

4. Simple Pendulum – Dependence of T on amplitude.

5. Spring mass oscillator.

6. Specific heat by Newton’s law of cooling.

7. Thermal Conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee’s and Charlton’s method.

8. Thermal conductivity of rubber.

II Semester Physics Practicals (PHY 2.1P)

1. Rigidity modulus by dynamic method

2. M.I of flywheel

3. Verification of parallel and perpendicular axis theorem

4. Young’s modulus by single cantilever

5. Young’s modulus by uniform bending

6. Rigidity modulus by static torsion

7. Surface tension and interfacial tension by drop weight method

8. M.I of irregular body

III Semester Physics Practicals (PHY 3.1P)

1. Air wedge

2. Newton’s rings

3. Diffraction grating – minimum deviation

4. Resolving power of a telescope

5. Diffraction at a wire or aperture using laser.

6. Determination of frequency of ac supply using Sonometer.

7. Determination of L & C by equal voltage method.

8. Verification of Stefan’s law

IV Semester Physics Practicals (PHY4.1P)

1. Verification of Superposition theorem

2. F of combination of lenses

3. Series resonance

4. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem

5. Verification of Maximum power transfer theorem theorem

6. Specific rotation-Polarimeter

7. Desauty’s bridge

8. Parallel resonance

V Semester Physics Practicals (PHY 5.1P)

1. Analysis of X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder method to

determine the properties of crystals.

2. Determination of Fermi energy of copper.

3. Determination of energy gap of a thermistor.

4. Zener diode as a voltage regulator.

5. Transistor as switch and an active device.

6. Emitter follower.

7. LDR Characteristics.

8. Frequency response of a CE amplifier.

V Semester Physics Practicals (PHY 5.2P)

1. Characteristics of a photocell and determination of stopping potential.

2. Determination of Planck’s constant using LED.

3. Study of hydrogen spectra.

4. Ionization potential of Xenon.

5. Determination of e/m by Thomson’s method.

6. Analysis of band spectrum of PN molecule.

7. Analysis of rotational vibrational spectrum of a diatomic molecule.

8. Absorption spectrum of KMnO4

VI Semester Physics Practicals (PHY6.1P)

1. Uses of CRO

2. Low pass filter

3. Phase shift oscillator

4. High pass filter

5. Band pass filter

6. Logic gates (Basic and universal gates)

7. Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier

8. Wein-Bridge oscillator

VI Semester Physics Practicals (PHY 6.2P)

1. Analysis of stellar spectra

2. Characteristics of G M Counter

3. Verification of Inverse square law

4. Sun spots

5. Mass absorption coefficient

6. Parallax method

7. Dielectric constant

8. HR - diagram