NMDOT Design Manual i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

100 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 100-1

100.1 Purpose of the Design Manual .............................................................................................................. 100-1

100.2 Intended Users ...................................................................................................................................... 100-1

100.3 Description of Chapters ......................................................................................................................... 100-2

100.4 Updates ................................................................................................................................................. 100-2

110 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 110-1

110.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 110-1

110.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 110-1

110.2.1 Long-Range Planning References ...................................................................................... 110-1

110.2.2 Near-Term Planning References ......................................................................................... 110-1

110.2.3 Project-Specific References ................................................................................................ 110-2

110.3 Project Development Sequence ............................................................................................................ 110-2

110.3.1 Planning ............................................................................................................................ 110-13

110.3.1.1 Long-Range Planning ............................................................................................. 110-13

110.3.1.2 Near-Term Planning ............................................................................................... 110-13

110.3.1.3 Project Definition..................................................................................................... 110-14

110.3.2 Phase I, Project Scoping, Conceptual, and Preliminary Design ........................................ 110-14

110.3.2.1 Scoping Report ....................................................................................................... 110-14

110.3.2.2 Location Study Procedures (Phases IA and IB) ...................................................... 110-15

110.3.2.3 Phase IC, Environmental Documentation ............................................................... 110-15

110.3.2.4 Phase ID, Preliminary Design ................................................................................. 110-15

110.3.3 Phase II, Final Design ....................................................................................................... 110-16

110.3.4 Phase III, Construction ...................................................................................................... 110-16

120 PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING ....................................................................................................... 120-1

120.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 120-1

120.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 120-2

120.2.1 Specific NMDOT Planning Resources ................................................................................. 120-2

120.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 120-4

120.4 Major Planning Efforts ........................................................................................................................... 120-5

120.4.1 Long-Range Planning .......................................................................................................... 120-5

120.4.2 Near-Term Programming..................................................................................................... 120-6

120.4.3 Project Definition ................................................................................................................. 120-7

120.5 Documentation ...................................................................................................................................... 120-8

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130 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW ...................................................................... 130-1

130.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 130-1

130.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 130-2

130.2.1 NMDOT-Specific References .............................................................................................. 130-2

130.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 130-3

130.4 Scoping Report and Preliminary Field Review ...................................................................................... 130-5

130.5 Location Study Procedures ................................................................................................................... 130-7

130.5.1 Phase IA, Initial Evaluation of Alternatives .......................................................................... 130-7

130.5.2 Phase IB, Detailed Evaluation of Alternatives ..................................................................... 130-7

130.5.3 Combined Phase IA/IB Study .............................................................................................. 130-8

130.6 Phase IC, Environmental Documentation and Processing .................................................................... 130-8

130.7 Documentation ...................................................................................................................................... 130-9

140 DESIGN SUBMITTALS ...................................................................................................................... 140-1

140.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 140-1

140.2 Design Process Overview ..................................................................................................................... 140-1

140.3 Plan Distribution and Inspection Invitation Lists .................................................................................... 140-2

140.4 Preliminary Design ................................................................................................................................ 140-2

140.5 Grade and Drain .................................................................................................................................... 140-3

140.6 Plan-in-Hand ......................................................................................................................................... 140-4

140.7 Plans, Specifications and Estimates (PS&E) ......................................................................................... 140-5

140.7.1 PS&E Production Submittal Requirements.......................................................................... 140-5

140.7.2 PS&E Reviews .................................................................................................................... 140-7

140.7.2.1 Program Management Team Meeting (PMTM) ........................................................ 140-8

140.7.2.2 Production Deadlines ................................................................................................ 140-8

140.7.2.3 NMDOT’s Policy for Independent Design Quality Control Reviews .......................... 140-8

140.7.2.4 NMDOT’s Policy for Design Quality Assurance Review ........................................... 140-9

140.7.2.5 Special Provisions at PS&E Review ....................................................................... 140-12

140.7.2.6 Preparation of Contract Documents ........................................................................ 140-13

140.8 Production Plans ................................................................................................................................. 140-13

140.9 Formatting Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 140-14

140.9.1 Turnout Build Notes Examples .......................................................................................... 140-14

140.9.2 Structure Build Notes Examples ........................................................................................ 140-15

140.9.2.1 Cross Sections........................................................................................................ 140-16

140.10 Preparing Contract Documents ........................................................................................................... 140-16

140.11 Documentation .................................................................................................................................... 140-18

150 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND HEARINGS ............................................................................................. 150-1

150.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 150-1

150.2 References for Public Involvement Requirements and Processes ........................................................ 150-2

150.2.1 NMDOT-Specific References .............................................................................................. 150-2

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150.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 150-3

150.4 General Procedures and Concepts ....................................................................................................... 150-4

150.4.1 Long-Range Planning and Programming ............................................................................ 150-5

150.4.2 Phases IA and IB of the Location Study Procedures ........................................................... 150-6

150.4.3 Phase IC Environmental Documentation ............................................................................. 150-7

150.4.4 Phase ID Preliminary Design, Phase II Final Design, and Phase III Construction ............... 150-8

150.5 Documentation ...................................................................................................................................... 150-9

200 DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................................................... 200-1

200.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 200-1

200.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. 200-1

200.3 Certification of Documents .................................................................................................................... 200-1

200.4 Project Decisions Summary .................................................................................................................. 200-1

200.5 Design Criteria ...................................................................................................................................... 200-2

200.6 Design Documents ................................................................................................................................ 200-3

200.7 Alternative Project Delivery Methods..................................................................................................... 200-4

210 SPECIAL DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES ........................................................................................ 210-1

210.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 210-1

210.2 Design Exceptions, Design Variances, and ADA Design Variances ..................................................... 210-1

210.2.1 Design Criteria Authority...................................................................................................... 210-1

210.2.2 Design Exception Criteria .................................................................................................... 210-2

210.2.3 Design Variance Criteria...................................................................................................... 210-4

210.2.3.1 Interstates and High Speed NHS Facilities .................................................................. 210-4

210.2.3.2 Low Speed NHS and Non-NHS Facilities ..................................................................... 210-4

210.2.4 Evaluating and Analyzing Project Criteria ........................................................................... 210-4

210.2.5 Documentation of Design Exceptions, Variances, and ADA Design Variances................... 210-6

210.2.6 Review and Approval .......................................................................................................... 210-7

210.2.6.1 Federal Oversight Projects (Interstate Projects) ........................................................... 210-7

210.2.6.2 Federal Oversight Delegated Projects (NHS Highways) .............................................. 210-8

210.2.6.3 State Oversight Projects (Non-NHS Highways) ........................................................... 210-9

210.2.6.4 Non-NHS, 100 Percent State Funded (District Betterment) Projects ........................... 210-9

210.2.7 Repository and Follow-up Requirements........................................................................... 210-11

210.2.7.1 Record Keeping ......................................................................................................... 210-11

210.2.7.2 Follow-up Requirements ............................................................................................ 210-11

210.2.8 Documentation .................................................................................................................. 210-12

210.3 Interchange Access Change Request (IACR) Procedures .................................................................. 210-12

210.3.1 Legislation and Regulations .............................................................................................. 210-13

210.3.2 Applicability of FHWA Policy ............................................................................................. 210-15

210.3.3 Compliance with Federal Regulations ............................................................................... 210-15

210.3.4 Determination of When an IACR is Required .................................................................... 210-16

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210.3.5 FHWA Internal Delegation of Authority for Approving an Access Request ........................ 210-18

210.3.6 Timing of an IACR Submittal ............................................................................................. 210-19

210.3.7 New Mexico IACR Process ............................................................................................... 210-19

210.3.7.1 Phase I ....................................................................................................................... 210-19

210.3.7.2 Phase II ...................................................................................................................... 210-20

210.3.7.3 Phase III ..................................................................................................................... 210-20

210.3.8 Methods and Assumptions Document ............................................................................... 210-22

210.3.8.1 Proposed Project Description ..................................................................................... 210-22

210.3.8.2 Proposed Project Alternatives .................................................................................... 210-23

210.3.8.3 Analysis Years/Periods .............................................................................................. 210-23

210.3.8.4 Project and Study Areas ............................................................................................. 210-23

210.3.8.5 Traffic Operations Analysis ........................................................................................ 210-23

210.3.8.6 Travel Forecast .......................................................................................................... 210-24

210.3.8.7 Safety Issues .............................................................................................................. 210-24

210.3.8.8 Selection of Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) ........................................................ 210-24

210.3.8.9 Deviations/Justifications ............................................................................................. 210-25

210.3.9 FHWA Eight Policy Point Requirements ............................................................................ 210-25

210.3.9.1 Policy Point 1 ............................................................................................................. 210-26

210.3.9.2 Policy Point 2 ............................................................................................................. 210-27

210.3.9.3 Policy Point 3 ............................................................................................................. 210-28

210.3.9.4 Policy Point 4 ............................................................................................................. 210-35

210.3.9.5 Policy Point 5 ............................................................................................................. 210-36

210.3.9.6 Policy Point 6 ............................................................................................................. 210-37

210.3.9.7 Policy Point 7 ............................................................................................................. 210-38

210.3.9.8 Policy Point 8 ............................................................................................................. 210-39

210.3.9.9 Attachments ............................................................................................................... 210-40

210.3.10 General Information Required in an IACR ......................................................................... 210-40

210.3.11 Locked Gate Access ......................................................................................................... 210-42

210.3.11.1 Temporary Locked Gate Access ................................................................................ 210-42

210.3.12 Role of the NMDOT Access Control Committee ................................................................ 210-43

220 VALUE ENGINEERING ...................................................................................................................... 220-1

220.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 220-1

220.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 220-2

220.2.1 Federal Laws and Codes..................................................................................................... 220-2

220.2.2 Design Guidance ................................................................................................................. 220-2

220.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 220-3

220.4 NMDOT VE Program ............................................................................................................................. 220-4

220.4.1 Selecting Projects for VE Analysis ...................................................................................... 220-4

220.4.1.1 Requirements ........................................................................................................... 220-4

220.4.1.2 VE Analysis Timing ................................................................................................... 220-6

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220.4.2 VE Study Team Members ................................................................................................... 220-9

220.4.2.1 Selecting a Team Leader ........................................................................................ 220-10

220.4.3 Scheduling VE Studies ...................................................................................................... 220-10

220.4.4 NMDOT Statewide VE Program Reporting........................................................................ 220-11

220.5 NMDOT VE Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 220-12

220.5.1 VE Procedure Overview .................................................................................................... 220-12

220.5.2 Pre-Study Preparation ....................................................................................................... 220-12

220.5.3 VE Study Reporting Requirements .................................................................................... 220-13

220.5.4 Implementing VE Recommendations ................................................................................ 220-14

220.6 VE Cost Proposal ................................................................................................................................ 220-15

220.7 Documentation .................................................................................................................................... 220-15

300 CADD STANDARDS ........................................................................................................................ 300-1

300.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 300-1

300.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 300-1

300.2.1 NMDOT CADD Drafting Standards ..................................................................................... 300-1

300.2.2 NMDOT CADD Resource Files ........................................................................................... 300-2

300.2.3 Other Drawing Resources ................................................................................................... 300-2

400 SURVEYING .................................................................................................................................... 400-1

400.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 400-1

400.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 400-1

500 RIGHT-OF-WAY .............................................................................................................................. 500-1

500.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 500-1

500.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 500-1

510 ACCESS CONTROL ......................................................................................................................... 510-1

510.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 510-1

510.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 510-2

510.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 510-3

510.4 Requests for Access to a Controlled-Access Highway .......................................................................... 510-4

510.4.1 Requests for Access Changes ............................................................................................ 510-5

510.4.2 Minor Modifications ............................................................................................................. 510-5

510.4.3 New Access or Major Modifications ..................................................................................... 510-5

510.5 Clarifications of SAMM Content ............................................................................................................ 510-8

510.5.1 Deceleration and Acceleration Lane Lengths ...................................................................... 510-8

510.6 Considerations in Implementing Access Management .......................................................................... 510-9

510.6.1 Legal Access ..................................................................................................................... 510-10

510.6.2 Functional Classification .................................................................................................... 510-10

510.6.3 Location and Area Type .................................................................................................... 510-11

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510.6.4 Shared Access .................................................................................................................. 510-12

510.6.4.1 Applications ............................................................................................................ 510-12

510.6.4.2 Implementation ....................................................................................................... 510-13

510.6.4.3 Recording Shared Access ...................................................................................... 510-13

510.6.5 Variances and Exceptions ................................................................................................. 510-14

600 INVESTIGATION OF SOILS, ROCK, AND SURFACING MATERIALS ........................................................ 600-1

600.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 600-1

600.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 600-1

600.3 Geotechnical Investigation Procedure ................................................................................................... 600-2

600.4 Permits and Traffic Control .................................................................................................................... 600-2

600.5 Foundation Exploration Program ........................................................................................................... 600-3

600.6 Subsurface Exploration Methods .......................................................................................................... 600-3

600.7 Subsurface Exploration Requirements .................................................................................................. 600-3

600.8 Laboratory Testing ................................................................................................................................ 600-3

600.9 Structure Foundation Recommendations .............................................................................................. 600-3

600.10 Documentation ...................................................................................................................................... 600-4

610 GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 610-1

610.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 610-1

610.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 610-2

610.3 Geotechnical Scoping Report (Scoping Phase or Phase IA/IB) ............................................................ 610-3

610.4 Preliminary Geotechnical Report (Phase ID, Preliminary Design) ......................................................... 610-3

610.5 Preliminary Foundation Report (Phase ID, Preliminary Design) ............................................................ 610-5

610.6 Final Geotechnical Report (Phase II, Final Design) .............................................................................. 610-6

610.7 Final Foundation Report (Phase II, Final Design) ................................................................................. 610-7

610.8 Documentation ...................................................................................................................................... 610-8

620 SURFACING MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN ............................................................................ 620-1

620.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 620-1

620.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 620-3

620.3 Pavement Designer Approval Procedure .............................................................................................. 620-3

620.4 Field Investigation ................................................................................................................................. 620-4

620.4.1 Safety and Utility Coordination ............................................................................................ 620-5

620.4.2 Minimum Requirements....................................................................................................... 620-6

620.4.3 Additional Requirements for Existing Roadways ................................................................. 620-7

620.4.4 Additional Requirements for New or Reconstruction Projects ............................................. 620-7

620.5 Falling Weight Deflectometer Testing.................................................................................................... 620-8

620.5.1 Minimum Equipment Requirements .................................................................................... 620-8

620.5.2 Testing Procedures ............................................................................................................. 620-9

620.5.3 Final Report ......................................................................................................................... 620-9

620.6 Laboratory Testing .............................................................................................................................. 620-10

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620.7 Flexible Pavement Design Procedure Policy ....................................................................................... 620-10

620.7.1 Minimum Pavement Design Life ........................................................................................ 620-10

620.7.2 Probabilistic Design Reliability ........................................................................................... 620-11

620.7.3 Serviceability Index ........................................................................................................... 620-12

620.7.4 Regional Design Factors and Performance Graded (PG) Binder Grade ........................... 620-12

620.7.5 R-Value ............................................................................................................................. 620-18

620.7.6 NMDOT Structural Layer Coefficients ............................................................................... 620-22

620.7.7 Minimum Flexible Pavement Total Layer Thickness for New and Rehabilitation Projects . 620-23

620.7.8 Open Graded Friction Course ........................................................................................... 620-23

620.7.9 HMA Type Selection Recommendations ........................................................................... 620-23

620.7.10 Asphalt Binder ................................................................................................................... 620-24

620.7.11 Rehabilitation Project Considerations ................................................................................ 620-26

620.7.12 Temporary Detour Design ................................................................................................. 620-27

620.7.13 Bridge Replacement Approach and Departure Design ...................................................... 620-27

620.8 Rigid Pavement Design Procedure Policy ........................................................................................... 620-28

620.8.1 Field Investigation ............................................................................................................. 620-28

620.8.2 Laboratory Testing ............................................................................................................ 620-28

620.8.3 Portland Cement Concrete ................................................................................................ 620-28

620.8.4 Compressive Strength ....................................................................................................... 620-28

620.8.5 Serviceability ..................................................................................................................... 620-28

620.8.6 Loss of Support (LS) for Base Materials. ........................................................................... 620-28

620.8.7 Load Transfer Coefficient (J) ............................................................................................. 620-29

620.8.8 Overall Drainage Coefficient (Cd) ...................................................................................... 620-29

620.8.9 Other Design Considerations ............................................................................................ 620-30

620.8.10 Shoulders and Shoulder Widening .................................................................................... 620-31

620.8.11 Rehabilitation Project Considerations ................................................................................ 620-31

620.8.12 Bridge Replacement Approach and Departure Pavement Design ..................................... 620-32

620.9 District-Developed Projects ................................................................................................................. 620-32

620.9.1 Non-Federally Funded Project Pavement Designs ............................................................ 620-32

620.9.2 Federally Funded Project Pavement Designs ................................................................... 620-32

620.10 Life Cycle Cost Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 620-33

620.10.1 Alternative Bidding for Pavement Type Selection .............................................................. 620-34

620.10.1.1 Criteria 1 ................................................................................................................. 620-34

620.10.1.2 Criteria 2 ................................................................................................................. 620-34

620.10.2 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Determination ............................................................................. 620-35

620.10.3 Pavement Rehabilitation Treatments and Year Intervals .................................................. 620-35

620.10.4 Asphalt Cement Pavement Rehabilitation Average Unit Bid ............................................. 620-36

620.10.5 Portland Cement Concrete Rehabilitation Average Unit Bid.............................................. 620-36

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630 GEOSYNTHETICS ............................................................................................................................ 630-1

630.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 630-1

630.1.1 Design Approach ................................................................................................................. 630-1

630.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 630-2

630.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 630-4

630.4 Separation, Filtration, and Stabilization ................................................................................................. 630-4

630.5 Pavement Subgrade.............................................................................................................................. 630-6

630.6 Subsurface Drainage............................................................................................................................. 630-6

630.7 Erosion .................................................................................................................................................. 630-7

630.8 MSE Retaining Walls ............................................................................................................................. 630-8

630.9 Reinforced Soil Slopes .......................................................................................................................... 630-9

700 BRIDGES ........................................................................................................................................ 700-1

700.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 700-1

700.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 700-3

710 RETAINING WALLS ......................................................................................................................... 710-1

710.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 710-1

710.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 710-2

710.3 Wall Types ............................................................................................................................................ 710-2

710.3.1 Cantilever Retaining Walls .................................................................................................. 710-5

710.3.2 MSE Walls ........................................................................................................................... 710-5

710.3.3 Gabion and Wire-Enclosed Tire Bale Retaining Walls ........................................................ 710-6

710.4 Design Process ..................................................................................................................................... 710-6

710.4.1 Preliminary Wall Layout ....................................................................................................... 710-6

710.4.2 Geotechnical Investigation and Analysis ............................................................................. 710-7

710.4.3 Detailed Design and Plan Development .............................................................................. 710-7

720 NOISE BARRIERS............................................................................................................................ 720-1

720.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 720-1

720.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 720-1

800 DRAINAGE...................................................................................................................................... 800-1

800.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 800-1

800.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 800-1

900 WORK ZONE SAFETY ...................................................................................................................... 900-1

900.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 900-1

900.1.1 Policy Statement ................................................................................................................. 900-1

900.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 900-2

900.2.1 Federal/State Laws and Codes ........................................................................................... 900-2

900.2.2 Design Guidance ................................................................................................................. 900-2

900.2.3 Reference List ..................................................................................................................... 900-3

900.2.4 Web Resources ................................................................................................................... 900-3

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900.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 900-4

900.4 Work Zone Safety and Mobility Rule (Subpart J) .................................................................................. 900-5

900.4.1 Transportation Management Plans ..................................................................................... 900-6

900.4.1.1 Temporary Traffic Control ......................................................................................... 900-6

900.4.1.2 Transportation Operations ........................................................................................ 900-7

900.4.1.3 Public Information ..................................................................................................... 900-7

900.4.2 Project Classification ........................................................................................................... 900-8

900.4.2.1 Significant Project ..................................................................................................... 900-8

900.4.2.2 Regionally Significant Project ................................................................................... 900-8

900.4.2.3 Routine Project ......................................................................................................... 900-9

900.4.3 Determining the Project Classification ................................................................................. 900-9

900.4.4 Exemption Process ........................................................................................................... 900-10

900.5 Temporary Traffic Control Devices Rule (Subpart K) .......................................................................... 900-11

900.5.1 Providing Added Emphasis on Safety in Work Zone Policy............................................... 900-12

900.5.2 Use of Positive Protection Devices .................................................................................... 900-13

900.5.2.1 Factors to Consider ................................................................................................ 900-15

900.5.3 Use of Exposure Control Measures ................................................................................... 900-16

900.5.4 Use of Uniformed Law Enforcement .................................................................................. 900-17

900.5.4.1 NMDOT Policy Statement on Uniformed Law Enforcement ................................... 900-18

900.5.5 Safe Entry and Exit for Work Vehicles and Equipment ...................................................... 900-19

900.5.6 Payment for Traffic Control Features and Operations ....................................................... 900-20

900.5.6.1 Basis of Payment .................................................................................................... 900-21

900.5.7 Quality Guidelines ............................................................................................................. 900-22

900.5.7.1 Intermediate and Long-Term Duration .................................................................... 900-24

900.5.7.2 Inspections and Fines ............................................................................................. 900-25

900.5.7.3 Failure to Comply.................................................................................................... 900-25

900.5.7.4 Citation Process...................................................................................................... 900-26

900.6 Temporary Traffic Control Strategies .................................................................................................. 900-26

900.6.1 Two-Lane, Two-Way Operation (TLTWO) on One Roadway of a Normally Divided Highway............................................................................................................................. 900-26

900.6.1.1 NMDOT Recommended Standards ........................................................................ 900-27

900.7 Temporary Traffic Control Devices ...................................................................................................... 900-28

900.7.1 Concrete Wall Barriers (CWB) ........................................................................................... 900-28

900.7.1.1 Guidelines for CWB Use ......................................................................................... 900-29

900.7.1.2 CWB Anchoring Requirement/Deflection Distance ................................................. 900-30

900.7.1.3 Intersection Sight Distance ..................................................................................... 900-31

900.7.1.4 CWB End Treatments in the Construction Clear Zone ........................................... 900-31

900.7.2 Other Devices .................................................................................................................... 900-31

900.7.2.1 Crash Cushion or Sand Barrels .............................................................................. 900-32

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900.8 Procedures .......................................................................................................................................... 900-33

900.8.1 Project Planning Stage ...................................................................................................... 900-33

900.8.2 Project Design Stage ......................................................................................................... 900-34

900.8.3 Project Construction Stage ................................................................................................ 900-35

900.8.4 Performance Assessment Stage ....................................................................................... 900-35

900.9 Work Zone Design Standards ............................................................................................................. 900-36

900.9.1 Lane Widths ...................................................................................................................... 900-36

900.9.2 Buffer Space and Shy Distance ......................................................................................... 900-36

900.9.3 Construction Clear Zone.................................................................................................... 900-36

900.9.4 Drop-Offs ........................................................................................................................... 900-36

900.9.4.1 Pavement Drop-Off for Activities within the Travel Lane ......................................... 900-37

900.9.4.2 Pavement Drop-Off for Areas Adjacent to the Existing Travel Lane with Buffer Zones Less Than Six Feet in Width ........................................................................ 900-37

900.9.4.3 Pavement Drop-Off for Areas Adjacent to Existing Travel Lane with Buffer Zones that Are Six Feet or More in Width ............................................................... 900-38

900.9.4.4 Pavement Drop-Offs for Point Drop-Offs, Such as Drop Inlets and Concrete Box Culvert Ends .................................................................................................... 900-38

900.9.4.5 Pavement Drop-Off Exceptions .............................................................................. 900-38

900.9.4.6 Implementing Exceptions for Pavement Drop-Off Guidelines for Construction Zones ...................................................................................................................... 900-39

900.9.5 Reduced Speeds in Work Zones ....................................................................................... 900-39

900.9.5.1 Policy Statement for Reduced Speeds ................................................................... 900-40

900.9.5.2 Goals and Objectives for Reduced Speeds ............................................................ 900-40

900.9.5.3 Work Zone Speed Limit Procedure ......................................................................... 900-41

900.9.5.4 Types of Work Zones/Efficient Speed Reduction.................................................... 900-43

900.10 Accommodation for Pedestrians, Bicyclists and Other Vehicle Types ................................................ 900-47

900.10.1 Work Zone Policy for Pedestrians and Bicycles ................................................................ 900-47

900.10.2 Pedestrians ....................................................................................................................... 900-47

900.10.2.1 Planning and Design ............................................................................................... 900-48

900.10.2.2 Temporary Routes .................................................................................................. 900-49

900.10.2.3 Protective Barriers .................................................................................................. 900-50

900.10.3 Bicycles ............................................................................................................................. 900-50

900.10.3.1 Planning and Design ............................................................................................... 900-51

900.10.4 Motorcycles and Oversized Vehicles ................................................................................. 900-51

900.11 Traffic Control Plan.............................................................................................................................. 900-52

900.11.1 Development ..................................................................................................................... 900-52

900.11.2 Traffic Control Plan Requirements .................................................................................... 900-55

900.12 Training ............................................................................................................................................... 900-56

900.12.1 Training for Design Personnel ........................................................................................... 900-57

900.12.2 Training for Personnel Involved with Implementation, Operation, Inspection, or Enforcement ...................................................................................................................... 900-59

900.12.3 Maintenance Personnel ..................................................................................................... 900-60

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900.13 Documentation .................................................................................................................................... 900-62

900.13.1 Work Zone Safety and Mobility Rule (Subpart J) ............................................................... 900-62

900.13.2 Temporary Traffic Control Devices Rule (Subpart K) ........................................................ 900-62

910 SIGNING AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS ............................................................................................... 910-1

910.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 910-1

910.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 910-1

910.2.1 Federal/State Laws and Codes ........................................................................................... 910-1

910.2.2 Design Guidance ................................................................................................................. 910-2

910.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 910-3

910.4 Development of Signing Plans .............................................................................................................. 910-3

910.4.1 General................................................................................................................................ 910-3

910.4.1.1 Requests to Experiment with Unique Traffic Control Devices ................................... 910-3

910.4.1.2 Standardization of Application .................................................................................. 910-4

910.4.1.3 Design of Signs......................................................................................................... 910-4

910.4.1.4 Bilingual Messages ................................................................................................... 910-5

910.4.1.5 Retroreflection and Illumination ................................................................................ 910-5

910.4.1.6 Standardization of Location ...................................................................................... 910-6

910.4.1.7 Sign Upgrades .......................................................................................................... 910-7

910.4.1.8 Sign Materials ........................................................................................................... 910-8

910.4.1.9 Sign Installations – Up to 50 Square Feet ................................................................ 910-8

910.4.1.10 Sign Installations – Greater Than 50 Square Feet .................................................... 910-8

910.4.1.11 Overhead Sign Installations ...................................................................................... 910-9

910.4.2 Regulatory Signs ............................................................................................................... 910-10

910.4.2.1 SPEED LIMIT Sign (R2-1) ...................................................................................... 910-10

910.4.2.2 New Mexico Speed Limit Notification Signs ............................................................ 910-13

910.4.2.3 DO NOT PASS Sign (R4-1) .................................................................................... 910-13

910.4.2.4 DO NOT ENTER Sign (R5-1) ................................................................................. 910-14

910.4.2.5 ENGINE BRAKE USE PROHIBITED Sign (R5-NM-2b) .......................................... 910-14

910.4.2.6 Weigh Station Signing ............................................................................................ 910-15

910.4.2.7 NO TURN ON RED (R10-11) Signs ....................................................................... 910-15

910.4.2.8 Other Regulatory Signs .......................................................................................... 910-15

910.4.3 Warning Signs ................................................................................................................... 910-16

910.4.3.1 Size of Warning Signs ............................................................................................ 910-16

910.4.3.2 Placement of Warning Signs .................................................................................. 910-17

910.4.3.3 Winter Weather Signs ............................................................................................. 910-17

910.4.3.4 Lane Ends Sign (W4-2) .......................................................................................... 910-17

910.4.3.5 Distance Plaques .................................................................................................... 910-17

910.4.3.6 Advisory Speed Plaque .......................................................................................... 910-18

910.4.3.7 Advance Street Name Plaques ............................................................................... 910-18

xii Table of Contents

910.4.3.8 Object Markers ....................................................................................................... 910-18

910.4.3.9 End-of-Roadway Markers ....................................................................................... 910-19

910.4.4 Guide Signs for Conventional Roads ................................................................................ 910-20

910.4.4.1 General Criteria for All Guide Signs ........................................................................ 910-21

910.4.4.2 Design of Guide Signs ............................................................................................ 910-21

910.4.4.3 Route Signs ............................................................................................................ 910-22

910.4.4.4 Destination Signs (D1 Series) ................................................................................. 910-23

910.4.4.5 Street Name Signs (D3-1, D3-NM-3, D3-NM-3a).................................................... 910-23

910.4.4.6 Parking Area Sign (D4-1) ........................................................................................ 910-25

910.4.4.7 Signing of Named Highways ................................................................................... 910-25

910.4.4.8 National Scenic Byways Signs (D6-4, D6-4a) ......................................................... 910-25

910.4.5 Guide Signs for Freeways and Expressways .................................................................... 910-25

910.4.5.1 Designation of Destinations .................................................................................... 910-25

910.4.5.2 Overhead Arrow-per-Lane Guide Sign ................................................................... 910-28

910.4.5.3 Route Signs and Trailblazer Assemblies ................................................................ 910-28

910.4.5.4 Interchange Exit Numbering ................................................................................... 910-28

910.4.5.5 Next Exit Plaques ................................................................................................... 910-29

910.4.5.6 Supplemental Guide Signs ..................................................................................... 910-29

910.4.5.7 Exit Direction Signs ................................................................................................. 910-30

910.4.5.8 Exit Gore Signs (E5-1a) .......................................................................................... 910-31

910.4.5.9 Post-Interchange Distance Signs............................................................................ 910-31

910.4.5.10 Interchange Sequence Signs .................................................................................. 910-32

910.4.5.11 Diamond Interchanges ............................................................................................ 910-32

910.4.6 Other Signs ....................................................................................................................... 910-33

910.4.6.1 General Information Signs (I series) ....................................................................... 910-33

910.4.6.2 Reference Location System Signs .......................................................................... 910-33

910.4.6.3 Adopt-A-Highway Signs .......................................................................................... 910-34

910.4.6.4 General Service Signs ............................................................................................ 910-34

910.4.6.5 Rest Area and Scenic Area signs ........................................................................... 910-35

910.4.6.6 Tourist Information and Welcome Center Signs ..................................................... 910-36

910.4.6.7 Specific Service Signs ............................................................................................ 910-36

910.4.6.8 Tourist-Oriented Directional Signs .......................................................................... 910-37

910.4.6.9 Recreational and Cultural Interest Signs ................................................................ 910-37

910.4.6.10 Historic Markers ...................................................................................................... 910-38

910.4.6.11 Trail Signs ............................................................................................................... 910-38

910.4.6.12 DWI Memorial Signs ............................................................................................... 910-38

910.4.6.13 Safety Corridor Signing ........................................................................................... 910-39

910.4.7 School Area Signing .......................................................................................................... 910-39

NMDOT Design Manual xiii

910.4.8 Railroad Signing ................................................................................................................ 910-39

910.4.8.1 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Warning Sign .......................................................... 910-39

910.4.8.2 Signing to Stations .................................................................................................. 910-39

910.4.9 Bicycle and Multi-use Facility Signing ............................................................................... 910-40

910.4.9.1 Bicycle Signing on the Interstate Highways ............................................................ 910-40

910.4.9.2 Bicycle Routes ........................................................................................................ 910-41

910.4.9.3 Numbered Bicycle Routes ...................................................................................... 910-41

910.4.9.4 Non-Numbered Bicycle Routes .............................................................................. 910-42

910.4.9.5 Shared Route Signing ............................................................................................. 910-42

910.4.10 Sign Structure Design ....................................................................................................... 910-42

910.5 Development of Pavement Marking Plans .......................................................................................... 910-43

910.5.1 General.............................................................................................................................. 910-43

910.5.2 Eradication ........................................................................................................................ 910-44

910.5.3 Pavement Markings ........................................................................................................... 910-44

910.5.3.1 No-Passing Zone Pavement Markings ................................................................... 910-44

910.5.3.2 White Lane Line Pavement Markings and Warrants ............................................... 910-45

910.5.3.3 Opposing Left-Turn Lanes ...................................................................................... 910-46

910.5.3.4 Channelizing Lines at Entrance and Exit Ramps .................................................... 910-47

910.5.3.5 Chevron and Cross-Hatch Markings ....................................................................... 910-47

910.5.3.6 Extensions through Intersections and Interchanges ............................................... 910-47

910.5.3.7 Lane Reduction Transition Markings ...................................................................... 910-48

910.5.3.8 Crosswalk Markings ................................................................................................ 910-48

910.5.3.9 Parking Space Markings ......................................................................................... 910-48

910.5.3.10 Pavement Word and Symbol Markings ................................................................... 910-51

910.5.3.11 Do Not Block Intersection Markings ........................................................................ 910-52

910.5.3.12 Speed Hump Markings ........................................................................................... 910-52

910.5.3.13 Rumble Strips/Rumble Bars ................................................................................... 910-52

910.5.4 Raised Pavement Markers ................................................................................................ 910-54

910.5.5 Delineators ........................................................................................................................ 910-54

910.6 Documentation .................................................................................................................................... 910-55

920 ILLUMINATION ................................................................................................................................. 920-1

920.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 920-1

920.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 920-1

920.2.1 Federal/State Laws and Codes ........................................................................................... 920-2

920.2.2 Design Guidance ................................................................................................................. 920-2

920.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 920-3

920.4 Procedures ............................................................................................................................................ 920-6

920.4.1 Warranting ........................................................................................................................... 920-7

920.4.1.1 Freeway Lighting ...................................................................................................... 920-8

920.4.1.2 Lighting for Access Controlled Routes other than Freeways .................................... 920-8

xiv Table of Contents

920.4.1.3 Lighting for Non-Access Controlled Routes .............................................................. 920-8

920.4.1.4 Existing Intersection .................................................................................................. 920-9

920.4.1.5 New Intersection ..................................................................................................... 920-10

920.4.1.6 Railroad Highway Grade Crossing.......................................................................... 920-10

920.4.1.7 Pedestrian Facilities ................................................................................................ 920-10

920.4.1.8 Park-and-Ride Lots ................................................................................................. 920-10

920.4.1.9 Rest Areas .............................................................................................................. 920-10

920.4.1.10 Lighting Other Areas ............................................................................................... 920-11

920.4.1.11 Lighting Based on Safety Analysis.......................................................................... 920-11

920.4.1.12 Other Considerations for Warranting Roadway Lighting ......................................... 920-11

920.4.2 Design Analysis ................................................................................................................. 920-12

920.4.2.1 Continuous Lighting Systems ................................................................................. 920-12

920.4.2.2 High-Mast Lighting .................................................................................................. 920-13

920.4.2.3 Light Sources .......................................................................................................... 920-14

920.4.2.4 Luminaire Light Distributions .................................................................................. 920-15

920.4.2.5 Illumination Design Criteria ..................................................................................... 920-18

920.4.2.6 Illumination Analysis Procedure .............................................................................. 920-20

920.4.3 Lighting System Design ..................................................................................................... 920-26

920.4.3.1 Pole Placement Considerations .............................................................................. 920-26

920.4.3.2 Lighting Equipment ................................................................................................. 920-32

920.4.3.3 Plan Layout ............................................................................................................. 920-35

920.4.3.4 Work on Existing Illumination Systems ................................................................... 920-35

920.4.4 Agreements ....................................................................................................................... 920-36

920.5 Documentation .................................................................................................................................... 920-37

930 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ....................................................................................... 930-1

930.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 930-1

930.2 References ............................................................................................................................................ 930-2

930.3 Design Coordination .............................................................................................................................. 930-3

930.4 Systems Engineering ............................................................................................................................ 930-3

930.5 ITS Continuity Plan................................................................................................................................ 930-4

930.6 Fiber Design .......................................................................................................................................... 930-6

930.7 Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) .......................................................................................................... 930-6

930.8 Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs) .......................................................................................................... 930-7

930.9 Vehicle Detection Stations (VDS) .......................................................................................................... 930-7

930.10 Road Weather Information Stations ...................................................................................................... 930-8

930.11 Geographical Information Systems Data ............................................................................................... 930-8

930.12 Smart Work Zones ................................................................................................................................ 930-9

930.13 Documentation ...................................................................................................................................... 930-9

NMDOT Design Manual xv

1000 GEOMETRICS ............................................................................................................................... 1000-1

1000.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 1000-1

1000.2 References .......................................................................................................................................... 1000-2

1000.2.1 Federal/State Laws and Codes ......................................................................................... 1000-2

1000.2.2 Design Guidance ............................................................................................................... 1000-2

1000.3 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 1000-3

1000.4 Design Controls and Elements ............................................................................................................ 1000-3

1000.4.1 Functional Class ................................................................................................................ 1000-3

1000.4.2 Design Vehicle .................................................................................................................. 1000-3

1000.4.3 Traffic Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 1000-4

1000.4.4 Design Speed .................................................................................................................... 1000-4

1000.4.4.1 Low Speed vs. High Speed Design ........................................................................ 1000-4

1000.4.5 Capacity ............................................................................................................................ 1000-4

1000.4.6 Access Control and Access Management ......................................................................... 1000-4

1000.4.7 Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities ....................................................................................... 1000-5

1000.4.8 Safety ................................................................................................................................ 1000-5

1000.4.9 Sight Distance ................................................................................................................... 1000-5

1000.4.10 Drainage, Utilities and the Environment ............................................................................ 1000-5

1000.5 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment ....................................................................................................... 1000-5

1000.5.1 Horizontal Curves .............................................................................................................. 1000-6

1000.5.2 Maximum Deflection Angle without a Horizontal Curve ..................................................... 1000-6

1000.5.3 Minimum Curve Length ..................................................................................................... 1000-6

1000.5.3.1 All Major Highways ................................................................................................. 1000-6

1000.5.3.2 Freeways ................................................................................................................ 1000-6

1000.5.4 Superelevation .................................................................................................................. 1000-6

1000.5.4.1 Superelevation Methods ......................................................................................... 1000-7

1000.5.4.2 Superelevation Transitions ..................................................................................... 1000-7

1000.5.4.3 Location of Runoff with Respect to End of Curve ................................................... 1000-7

1000.5.5 Vertical Alignment ............................................................................................................. 1000-7

1000.6 Cross Section Elements ...................................................................................................................... 1000-7

1000.6.1 Lane Width ........................................................................................................................ 1000-8

1000.6.2 Auxiliary Lanes .................................................................................................................. 1000-8

1000.6.3 Shoulder Width .................................................................................................................. 1000-8

1000.6.4 Minimum Cross Slope ....................................................................................................... 1000-8

1000.6.4.1 Rollover .................................................................................................................. 1000-9

1000.6.5 Edge Treatments ............................................................................................................... 1000-9

1000.6.5.1 Curb and Gutter ...................................................................................................... 1000-9

1000.6.5.2 Pavement Surfacing Taper ..................................................................................... 1000-9

xvi Table of Contents

1000.6.6 Side Slopes ..................................................................................................................... 1000-10

1000.6.7 Roadside Elements ......................................................................................................... 1000-11

1000.7 Intersection Geometrics .................................................................................................................... 1000-11

1000.8 Documentation .................................................................................................................................. 1000-11

1100 TRAFFIC SIGNALS......................................................................................................................... 1100-1

1100.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 1100-1

1100.2 References .......................................................................................................................................... 1100-2

1100.2.1 Federal/State Laws and Codes ......................................................................................... 1100-2

1100.2.2 Design Guidance ............................................................................................................... 1100-3

1100.3 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 1100-4

1100.4 Procedures – Traffic Signals ............................................................................................................. 1100-10

1100.4.1 Pre-Design ...................................................................................................................... 1100-11

1100.4.1.1 Establish Need for Signal and Obtain Approvals .................................................. 1100-11

1100.4.1.2 Signal System Analysis ........................................................................................ 1100-18

1100.4.1.3 Agreements .......................................................................................................... 1100-19

1100.4.2 Design ............................................................................................................................. 1100-20

1100.4.2.1 Electrical Service .................................................................................................. 1100-20

1100.4.2.2 Pedestrian Accessibility ........................................................................................ 1100-21

1100.4.2.3 Signal Phasing ...................................................................................................... 1100-21

1100.4.2.4 Preemption ........................................................................................................... 1100-27

1100.4.2.5 Traffic Signal Controllers ...................................................................................... 1100-31

1100.4.2.6 Signal System Control .......................................................................................... 1100-33

1100.4.2.7 Placing Signal Equipment ..................................................................................... 1100-36

1100.4.2.8 Signal Displays ..................................................................................................... 1100-40

1100.4.2.9 Detectors .............................................................................................................. 1100-41

1100.4.2.10 Conduit and Cable System ................................................................................... 1100-48

1100.4.3 Preparation of Plans ........................................................................................................ 1100-50

1100.4.3.1 NMDOT Standard Drawings and Specifications ................................................... 1100-51

1100.4.4 Signal Timing ................................................................................................................... 1100-52

1100.4.4.1 Yellow Change Interval ......................................................................................... 1100-52

1100.4.4.2 Red Clearance Interval ......................................................................................... 1100-52

1100.4.4.3 Pedestrian Intervals .............................................................................................. 1100-52

1100.4.4.4 Dilemma Zone Protection ..................................................................................... 1100-57

1100.4.5 Removing Existing Signals .............................................................................................. 1100-61

1100.5 Procedures – School Zone Flashing Beacons .................................................................................. 1100-61

1100.5.1 Establish Need for Beacons and Obtain Approvals ......................................................... 1100-61

1100.5.2 School Zone Flashing Beacon Design ............................................................................ 1100-62

1100.6 Documentation .................................................................................................................................. 1100-63

NMDOT Design Manual xvii

1110 RAILROAD GRADE CROSSINGS AND RIGHT‑OF‑WAY .................................................................... 1110-1

1110.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 1110-1

1110.1.1 Will Your Project Impact a Railroad? ................................................................................. 1110-2

1110.1.2 Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings .................................................................................. 1110-2

1110.1.3 General Occupation of Railroad Right-of-Way .................................................................. 1110-3

1110.1.4 The NMDOT Rail Bureau’s Role ....................................................................................... 1110-4

1110.2 References .......................................................................................................................................... 1110-4

1110.2.1 Federal/State Laws and Codes ......................................................................................... 1110-4

1110.2.2 National References .......................................................................................................... 1110-4

1110.2.3 NMDOT References .......................................................................................................... 1110-5

1110.2.4 Additional References ....................................................................................................... 1110-5

1110.3 Procedure Guidance ........................................................................................................................... 1110-6

1110.3.1 New Mexico State Rail Plan .............................................................................................. 1110-6

1110.3.2 Railroad Right-of-Way Access or Construction ................................................................. 1110-6

1110.3.3 Section 130 Guidelines...................................................................................................... 1110-6

1110.4 Design Coordination ............................................................................................................................ 1110-7

1110.5 At-Grade Crossing Evaluation Guidance ............................................................................................. 1110-8

1110.6 Roadway Design Guidance ................................................................................................................. 1110-8

1110.7 Documentation .................................................................................................................................... 1110-9

1200 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES ............................................................................................................... 1200-1

1200.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 1200-1

1200.2 References .......................................................................................................................................... 1200-2

1200.2.1 Federal/State Laws and Codes ......................................................................................... 1200-2

1200.2.2 NMDOT References .......................................................................................................... 1200-3

1200.2.3 Design Guidance ............................................................................................................... 1200-3

1200.2.4 Supporting Information ...................................................................................................... 1200-4

1200.3 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 1200-4

1200.4 Policy ................................................................................................................................................... 1200-6

1200.4.1 General.............................................................................................................................. 1200-6

1200.4.2 Jurisdiction ........................................................................................................................ 1200-6

1200.4.3 Transition Planning ............................................................................................................ 1200-6

1200.4.4 Maintenance ...................................................................................................................... 1200-7

1200.5 ADA Requirements by Project Type .................................................................................................... 1200-7

1200.5.1 New Construction Projects ................................................................................................ 1200-7

1200.5.2 Alteration Projects ............................................................................................................. 1200-8

1200.5.3 NMDOT ADA Design Exception and Design Variance Justification ................................ 1200-11

xviii Table of Contents

1200.6 Pedestrian Circulation Paths (PCPs)................................................................................................. 1200-11

1200.6.1 Accessibility Criteria for Pedestrian Circulation Paths (PCPs) ......................................... 1200-13

1200.6.1.1 Vertical Clearance ................................................................................................ 1200-13

1200.6.1.2 Horizontal Encroachment – Protrusion Limits ....................................................... 1200-13

1200.6.1.3 Post-Mounted Objects .......................................................................................... 1200-14

1200.7 Pedestrian Access Routes (PARs) .................................................................................................... 1200-14

1200.7.1 Accessibility Criteria for Pedestrian Access Routes (PARs) ............................................ 1200-16

1200.7.1.1 Clear Width ........................................................................................................... 1200-16

1200.7.1.2 Cross Slope and Grade ........................................................................................ 1200-16

1200.7.1.3 Surface ................................................................................................................. 1200-17

1200.7.1.4 Horizontal Openings ............................................................................................. 1200-19

1200.8 Sidewalks .......................................................................................................................................... 1200-19

1200.8.1 Sidewalk and Buffer Widths ............................................................................................. 1200-19

1200.8.2 Sidewalks at Driveways ................................................................................................... 1200-22

1200.9 Curb Ramps ...................................................................................................................................... 1200-23

1200.9.1 Types of Curb Ramps...................................................................................................... 1200-23

1200.9.1.1 Perpendicular Curb Ramp .................................................................................... 1200-24

1200.9.1.2 Parallel Curb Ramp .............................................................................................. 1200-25

1200.9.1.3 Combination Curb Ramp ...................................................................................... 1200-26

1200.9.2 Blended Transitions ......................................................................................................... 1200-27

1200.9.3 Design Considerations for Curb Ramps .......................................................................... 1200-28

1200.9.4 Accessibility Criteria for Curb Ramps .............................................................................. 1200-37

1200.9.4.1 Clear Width ........................................................................................................... 1200-37

1200.9.4.2 Running Slope ...................................................................................................... 1200-37

1200.9.4.3 Cross Slope .......................................................................................................... 1200-37

1200.9.4.4 Turning Space ...................................................................................................... 1200-38

1200.9.4.5 Flared Sides and Returned Curbs ........................................................................ 1200-38

1200.9.4.6 Gutter Counter Slope ............................................................................................ 1200-38

1200.9.4.7 Detectable Warning Surfaces (DWSs) .................................................................. 1200-39

1200.9.4.8 Surfaces ............................................................................................................... 1200-39

1200.9.4.9 Grade Breaks ....................................................................................................... 1200-40

1200.9.4.10 Clear Space .......................................................................................................... 1200-40

1200.9.5 Curb Ramp Drainage ...................................................................................................... 1200-40

1200.9.5.1 Curb Ramp Drainage ............................................................................................ 1200-40

1200.10 Crosswalks ........................................................................................................................................ 1200-41

1200.10.1 Crosswalks at Intersections ............................................................................................. 1200-41

1200.10.1.1 Unmarked Crossings ............................................................................................ 1200-42

1200.10.2 Designing Pedestrian Crossing Facilities ........................................................................ 1200-43

1200.10.2.1 Marked Crossings ................................................................................................. 1200-43

1200.10.2.2 Closed Pedestrian Street Crossings ..................................................................... 1200-45

NMDOT Design Manual xix

1200.10.3 Midblock Pedestrian Crossings ....................................................................................... 1200-45

1200.10.4 Sight Distance at Crosswalks .......................................................................................... 1200-46

1200.10.5 Curb Extensions .............................................................................................................. 1200-48

1200.11 Raised Medians/ Pedestrian Refuge Islands ..................................................................................... 1200-49

1200.11.1 Accessibility Criteria for Raised Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands ....................... 1200-51

1200.12 Pedestrian Pushbuttons at Signals and Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APSs) ............................... 1200-52

1200.12.1 Accessibility Criteria for Pedestrian Signal Pushbuttons (including APSs) ...................... 1200-52

1200.12.1.1 Clear Space Requirements ................................................................................... 1200-52

1200.12.1.2 Reach Range Requirements ................................................................................ 1200-53

1200.12.2 Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APSs) ............................................................................ 1200-54

1200.12.3 On-Street Parking and Passenger Loading Zones .......................................................... 1200-54

1200.12.3.1 On-Street Parking ................................................................................................. 1200-54

1200.12.3.2 Passenger Loading Zones .................................................................................... 1200-55

1200.13 Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossings.................................................................................................. 1200-55

1200.14 Pedestrian Grade Separations (Structures) ...................................................................................... 1200-56

1200.14.1 Pedestrian Bridges .......................................................................................................... 1200-57

1200.14.2 Pedestrian Tunnels ......................................................................................................... 1200-58

1200.15 Other Pedestrian Facilities ................................................................................................................ 1200-59

1200.15.1 Transit Stops and School Bus Stops ............................................................................... 1200-59

1200.15.2 Ramps Serving Transit Stops, Park & Ride Lots, Buildings, and Other Facilities ............ 1200-61

1200.15.2.1 Accessibility Criteria for Ramps ............................................................................ 1200-62

1200.15.3 Railings and Handrails for Pedestrian Facilities .............................................................. 1200-63

1200.15.3.1 Fall Protection Railing ........................................................................................... 1200-63

1200.15.3.2 Accessible Handrails ............................................................................................ 1200-63

1200.15.3.3 Accessibility Criteria for Handrails ........................................................................ 1200-64

1200.15.4 Shared Use Path (SUP) .................................................................................................. 1200-65

1200.15.5 Other Pedestrian Facilities, Features, and Elements ...................................................... 1200-65

1200.16 Illumination and Signing .................................................................................................................... 1200-65

1200.17 Work Zone Pedestrian Accommodation ............................................................................................ 1200-65

1200.18 Documentation .................................................................................................................................. 1200-65

1210 BICYCLE FACILITIES ..................................................................................................................... 1210-1

1210.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 1210-1

1210.2 References .......................................................................................................................................... 1210-2

1210.2.1 Federal/State Laws and Codes ......................................................................................... 1210-2

1210.2.2 Design Guidance ............................................................................................................... 1210-2

1210.2.3 Reference Documents ....................................................................................................... 1210-3

1210.3 Procedures .......................................................................................................................................... 1210-3

xx Table of Contents

LIST OF EXHIBITS

110-1 NMDOT Project Development Sequence - Scoping Report Part 1 ....................................................... 110-5

110-2 NMDOT Project Development Sequence – Scoping Report, Part 2 ...................................................... 110-7

110-3 NMDOT Project Development Sequence - Location Study Procedures, Part 1 .................................... 110-9

110-4 NMDOT Project Development Sequence - Location Study Procedures, Part 2 .................................. 110-11

140-1 Production Submittal Checklist .............................................................................................................. 140-6

140-2 Design Quality Assurance Review Checklist ......................................................................................... 140-9

140-3 NMDOT Guidelines for Preparing Contract Documents ...................................................................... 140-17

220-1 VE Study Phases ................................................................................................................................ 220-12

620-1 Minimum Number of Test Borings for Two-Lane Highway .................................................................... 620-6

620-2 Minimum Number of Test Borings for Four-Lane Highway .................................................................... 620-6

620-3 Minimum Structural Pavement Design Life Criteria ............................................................................. 620-11

620-4 Minimum Probabilistic Design Reliability ............................................................................................. 620-11

620-5 District No. 1 Base PG Grades ............................................................................................................ 620-13

620-6 District No. 2 Base PG Grades ............................................................................................................ 620-14

620-7 District No. 3 Base PG Grades ............................................................................................................ 620-15

620-8 District No. 4 Base PG Grades ............................................................................................................ 620-15

620-9 District No. 5 Base PG Grades ............................................................................................................ 620-16

620-10 District No. 6 Base PG Grades ............................................................................................................ 620-17

620-11 PG Base Modification .......................................................................................................................... 620-18

620-12 Cement or Lime Slurry Stabilized Subgrade Strengths ....................................................................... 620-20

620-13 Untreated Aggregate Base Course Strengths ..................................................................................... 620-21

620-14 Recommended Structural Layer Coefficients ...................................................................................... 620-22

620-15 Minimum Flexible Pavement Total Layer Thickness for New and Rehabilitation Projects Only .......... 620-23

620-16 HMA Type Selection Recommendations ............................................................................................. 620-24

620-17 HMA Over Base Course Materials Selection Guidelines ..................................................................... 620-25

620-18 HMA Over Existing HMA Materials Selection Guidelines .................................................................... 620-25

620-19 Tack and Prime Coat Application Rates .............................................................................................. 620-26

620-20 Typical Ranges of Loss of Subgrade Support Values ......................................................................... 620-29

620-21 Load Transfer Coefficients .................................................................................................................. 620-29

620-22 Overall Drainage Coefficients .............................................................................................................. 620-29

630-1 Typical Permittivity (Ψ) Requirements (FHWA NHI-07-092) ................................................................. 630-6

900-1 Responsibility Table 1 ......................................................................................................................... 900-13

900-2 Responsibility Table 2 ......................................................................................................................... 900-16

900-3 Responsibility Table 3 ......................................................................................................................... 900-17

900-4 Responsibility Table 4 ......................................................................................................................... 900-18

900-5 Responsibility Table 5 ......................................................................................................................... 900-20

900-6 NMDOT Pay Items for Traffic Control Devices* .................................................................................. 900-22

900-7 Responsibility Table 6 ......................................................................................................................... 900-22

NMDOT Design Manual xxi

LIST OF EXHIBITS (CONTINUED)

900-8 Acceptable Devices ............................................................................................................................. 900-23

900-9 Marginal Devices ................................................................................................................................. 900-23

900-10 Unacceptable Devices ......................................................................................................................... 900-24

900-11 Responsibility Table 7 ......................................................................................................................... 900-26

900-12 Side Reflectors .................................................................................................................................... 900-32

900-13 TMP Components ............................................................................................................................... 900-34

900-14 Performance Assessment for Significant Projects ............................................................................... 900-36

900-15 Pilot Study Traffic Control Plan Using Two-Stage Speed Reduction ................................................... 900-44

900-16 Prior to Preliminary Design .................................................................................................................. 900-54

900-17 Preliminary Design .............................................................................................................................. 900-54

900-18 Grade and Drain Inspection ................................................................................................................ 900-54

900-19 Plan-in-Hand Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 900-55

900-20 PS&E ................................................................................................................................................... 900-55

910-1 Suggested Spacing for Speed Limit Signs .......................................................................................... 910-13

910-2 Object Markers Allowable for Use on NMDOT Highways .................................................................... 910-19

910-3 End-of-Roadway Barricade ................................................................................................................. 910-20

910-4 Interstate Control Cities ....................................................................................................................... 910-26

910-5 Acceptable Destinations for Listing on Supplemental Guide Signs ..................................................... 910-30

910-6 Spacing of Signs After an On-Ramp ................................................................................................... 910-32

910-7 Recommended Pavement Marking Materials for Bituminous Pavements ........................................... 910-43

910-8 Recommended Pavement Marking Materials for Portland Cement Pavements .................................. 910-44

910-9 Advance Distance for No‑Passing Zones ........................................................................................... 910-45

910-10 Positive Offset at Opposing Left-Turn Lanes ....................................................................................... 910-46

910-11 Crosswalk Design Elements ................................................................................................................ 910-48

910-12 Diagonal Parking Minimum Maneuver Area ........................................................................................ 910-50

910-13 Do Not Block Intersection Markings .................................................................................................... 910-52

920-1 Volume Warrant Criteria for Lighting on Non-Access Controlled Routes .............................................. 920-9

920-2 Lateral Light Distribution Patterns ....................................................................................................... 920-16

920-3 Roadway Shielding Classification System Categories ........................................................................ 920-17

920-4 Common Practice for Mounting Height/Lamp Lumen Output .............................................................. 920-22

920-5 Illumination Shadow Lines ................................................................................................................... 920-31

1000-1 Roadway Cross Slope for New Construction or Reconstruction (4R) Projects .................................... 1000-8

1000-2 Roadway Cross Slope for Rehabilitation (3R) Projects ....................................................................... 1000-9

1100-1 Guidelines for Determining the Potential Need for a Left-Turn Phase ............................................... 1100-22

1100-2 Phase Identification by Directional Movement ................................................................................... 1100-23

1100-3 Typical Phasing Schemes ................................................................................................................. 1100-24

1100-4 Typical Railroad Preemption, 8-Phase .............................................................................................. 1100-29

1100-5 Typical Detector Loops ...................................................................................................................... 1100-44

xxii Table of Contents

LIST OF EXHIBITS (CONTINUED)

1100-6 Pedestrian Intervals........................................................................................................................... 1100-55

1100-7 Recommended Pedestrian Clearance Times .................................................................................... 1100-56

1100-8 Advanced Loop Detector Placement for High Speed Approaches .................................................... 1100-59

1100-9 Advance Loop Detector Placement Dimensions ............................................................................... 1100-59

1100-10 CTAD Dilemma Zone Coverage Requirement .................................................................................. 1100-60

1100-11 CTAD with Warning Beacon Placement ............................................................................................ 1100-60

1200-1 Pedestrian Circulation Paths ............................................................................................................. 1200-12

1200-2 Relationship Between PCPs and PARs ............................................................................................ 1200-15

1200-3 Obstructed PAR ................................................................................................................................ 1200-16

1200-4 Vertical Surface Discontinuities ......................................................................................................... 1200-18

1200-5 Vertical Surface Discontinuities (Non-Compliant) .............................................................................. 1200-18

1200-6 Sidewalks with Buffers ...................................................................................................................... 1200-20

1200-7 Typical Sidewalk Designs .................................................................................................................. 1200-21

1200-8 Typical Driveways ............................................................................................................................. 1200-23

1200-9 Perpendicular Curb Ramp ................................................................................................................. 1200-24

1200-10 Perpendicular Curb Ramp Common Elements ................................................................................. 1200-25

1200-11 Parallel Curb Ramp ........................................................................................................................... 1200-25

1200-12 Parallel Curb Ramp Common Elements ............................................................................................ 1200-26

1200-13 Combination Curb Ramps ................................................................................................................. 1200-27

1200-14 Blended Transition ............................................................................................................................ 1200-28

1200-15 Ramp Running Slope ........................................................................................................................ 1200-29

1200-16 Approximate Ramp Lengths at 5% Slope .......................................................................................... 1200-30

1200-17 Approximate Ramp Lengths at 6% Slope .......................................................................................... 1200-31

1200-18 Approximate Ramp Lengths at 7% Slope .......................................................................................... 1200-32

1200-19 Approximate Ramp Lengths at 8% Slope .......................................................................................... 1200-33

1200-20 Approximate Ramp Lengths at 8.3% Slope ....................................................................................... 1200-34

1200-21 Approximate Ramp Lengths at 9% Slope .......................................................................................... 1200-35

1200-22 Approximate Ramp Lengths at 10% Slope ........................................................................................ 1200-36

1200-23 Gutter Counter Slope Illustration ....................................................................................................... 1200-39

1200-24 Typical Curb Ramp Drainage ............................................................................................................ 1200-41

1200-25 Unmarked Crosswalks ...................................................................................................................... 1200-42

1200-26 Marked Pedestrian Crossing ............................................................................................................. 1200-44

1200-27 Decorative Crosswalk ........................................................................................................................ 1200-45

1200-28 Midblock Pedestrian Crossing ........................................................................................................... 1200-46

1200-29 Obstructed Line of Sight at Intersection ............................................................................................ 1200-47

1200-30 Improved Line of Sight at Intersection ............................................................................................... 1200-48

1200-31 Curb Extension Examples ................................................................................................................. 1200-49

1200-32 Raised Islands With Curb Ramps and Pedestrian Cut-Throughs ...................................................... 1200-50

NMDOT Design Manual xxiii

LIST OF EXHIBITS (CONTINUED)

1200-33 Typical Pedestrian Pushbutton .......................................................................................................... 1200-52

1200-34 Clear Space Parallel and Forward Approach Orientation .................................................................. 1200-53

1200-35 Accessible Pedestrian Signal Pushbutton ......................................................................................... 1200-54

1200-36 Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossings.................................................................................................. 1200-55

1200-37 Pedestrian Rail Warning Device ........................................................................................................ 1200-56

1200-38 Pedestrian Bridges ............................................................................................................................ 1200-58

1200-39 Pedestrian Tunnel ............................................................................................................................. 1200-59

1200-40 Ramp With Accessible Handrails ...................................................................................................... 1200-62

1210-1 State Bicycle Route Sign (M1-8-NM) ................................................................................................... 1210-4

NMDOT Design Manual xxv

Acronyms and Key Terms

3

3R resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation

A

AADT average annual daily traffic

AASHTO American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act

ADAAG ADA Accessibility Guidelines

ADT average daily traffic

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AOS apparent opening size

APS accessible pedestrian signal

AREMA American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

ATCS adaptive traffic control system

ATSSA American Traffic Safety Services Association

AWG american wire gauge

B

BBS battery backup system

BMPs best management practices

BNSF BNSF Railway

BOP beginning of project

BPE bicycle, pedestrian and equestrian

BUG backlight, uplight, and glare

C

CAC citizens advisory committee

CADD computer-aided drafting and design

CCTV closed circuit television system

CE Categorical Exclusion

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CIR cold in-situ recycled

CLE Construction Liaison Engineer

CLRS centerline rumble strips

CSS context sensitive solutions

CTADs continuous tracking advance detectors

CVS Certified Value Specialist

CWA Clean Water Act

CWB concrete wall barrier

D

DHV design hourly volume

DMSs dynamic message signs

DOJ United States Department of Justice

DWS detectable warning surface

E

EA Environmental Assessment

EF equipment factor

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

ELRS edge line rumble strips

EOP end of project

ESALs equivalent single-axel loads

ETA estimated time of arrival

F

FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FHWA HQ FHWA Headquarters

FHWA‐NM New Mexico Division of the Federal Highway Administration

FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact

FRA Federal Railroad Administration

FT feet

G

GDI Grade and Drain Inspection

GIS geographic information system

GPS global positioning system

H

HAR highway advisory radio

HCM Highway Capacity Manual

HCS Highway Capacity Software

HMA hot mix asphalt

HPS high-pressure sodium

HSIP Highway Safety Improvement Program

I

IACR interchange access change request

IDD Infrastructure Design Directive

IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America

IMSA International Municipal Signal Association

ISA International Symbol of Accessibility

ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers

ITS Intelligent Transportation System

xxvi Acronyms

L

LCCA life cycle cost analysis

LDD luminaire dirt depreciation

LEDs light emitting diodes

LLD lamp lumen depreciation factor

LOS level of service

LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design

M

MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act

MF maintenance factor

MH mounting height

MMA methyl methacrylate

MOEs measures of effectiveness

MOU memorandum of understanding

mph miles per hour

MPOs Metropolitan Planning Organizations

MSE mechanically-stabilized earth

MTPs Metropolitan Transportation Plans

MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways

N

NACTO National Association of City Transportation Officials

NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program

NEC National Electrical Code

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer's Association

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NHI National Highway Institute

NHS National Highway System

NMAC New Mexico Administrative Code

NMDCA New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs

NMDOT New Mexico Department of Transportation

NMPRC New Mexico Public Regulation Commission

NMSA New Mexico Statutes Annotated

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NPS National Park Service

O

OGFC open graded friction course

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

P

P.E. professional engineer

PAR pedestrian access route

PCCP Portland cement concrete pavement

PCP pedestrian circulation path

PDE Project Development Engineer

PDI Preliminary Design Inspection

PG performance graded

PIP public involvement plan

PMTM Program Management Team Meeting

PRIIA Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008

PROWAG Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way

PS&E Plans, Specifications, and Estimates

psi pounds per square inch

PTOE Professional Traffic Operations Engineer

R

RF reduction factor

RFP request for proposal

ROD Record of Decision

RPM raised pavement marker

RRFB rectangular rapid flashing beacon

RTIPs Regional Transportation Improvement Programs

RTPOs Regional Transportation Planning Organizations

RTPs Regional Transportation Plans

RWIS Road Weather Information Stations

S

SAFETEA-LU Safe Accountable Flexible Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users

SAMM State Access Management Manual

SAVE Society of American Value Engineers

SDDCTEA Surface Distribution and Deployment Command Transportation Engineering Agency

SHRP Strategic Highway Research Program

SMA stone matrix asphalt

SNPRM Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

SRS shoulder rumble strips

SSD stopping sight distance

STIP Statewide Transportation Improvement Program

SUP shared use paths

SWPPPs Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans

NMDOT Design Manual xxvii

T

TAC Technical Advisory Committee

TCP Traffic Control Plan

TIP Transportation Improvement Program

TMA Transportation Management Area

TMP Transportation Management Plan

TODS tourist-oriented directional signs

TRB Transportation Research Board

TSE Technical Support Engineer

TTC temporary traffic control

TTCP Technician Training and Certification Program

TWG Technical Working Group

U

U.S.C. United States Code

UFAS Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards

UP Union Pacific Railroad

UPS uninterrupted power supply

USDOT United States Department of Transportation

UTBC untreated aggregate base course

UVC Uniform Vehicle Code

V

VDS vehicle detection systems

VE value engineering

W

WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984

WMA warm mix asphalt

Z

ZOI zone of intrusion