GovernmentEngineeringCollegeJagdalpur(Bastar), C.G. DepartmentOfMiningEngineeringAVOCA!O"A# $A!"!"G $E%O$on"A!O"A# M!"E$A# DEVE#O%ME" CO$%O$A!O", BAC&E#!su'mitted to()Mr. *.+. %$AJA%A!B,+-#*&$E*& *!"G&*EME*E$).&B$A"C&(M!"!"G E"G!"EE$!"G$O## "O.) /01/23/041*E**!O"( 403.)35Vo6ational raining $eporton "ational Mineral Development Corporation,B!OM (Bailadila !ron Ore Mines), Ba67eli Comple8ACKNOWLEDGEMENT9e are t7an:ful to our %rin6ipal, Mr. G.%.+7are ; Mr. *.+.%ra our sin6ere gratitude and inde'tness to t7e fa6ult>and staff mem'ers of Department of Mining Engineering, GEC Jagdalpur, fort7eir 7elp at different times and for 7is 6onstant supervision, guidan6e,motivation and support at ever> stage of t7is pro of !$O" O$Eeffi6ientl> ; e6onomi6all> =it7 due regard to *afet>, Conservation,Environment ; Eualit>.%rodu6tion %ropi6all> free fromsulp7ur and ot7erdeleterious material. *ometimes t7e iron 6ontent of t7e ore isfound to 'e as 7ig7 as 52..H."MDC, Ba67eli Comple8Bailadila !ron Ore Mine (B!OM),Ba67eli Comple8, %it "o. .C7apter 4(B!OM, Ba67eli Comple8, %it"o..( At a Glan6eCommissioned (Januar>, 32DDMining lease area(.C0.0. &e6t. (upto *ept. 403.)>pe of Ore (&ematiteMa8imum grade(G52H AeAverage grade(G55H Ae$eserve and $esour6es(/D.... M as on 03.0C.403.$e6ent E8plorator> Drilling (C30C m (from 4034)%rodu6t ( #ump ()3.0 mm G30 mm)Calli'rated #ump Ore()C0mm G30mm)Aines ()30 mm)Annual arget ( 1.4 M of $OM and 3.. M of 9A*E%ort of E8port (Vis7a:7apatnam$ail lin: to ViIag(CD3 :m"earest Airport ( $aipur%resent &ig7est Ben67 $# (3311 m%resent lo=est Ben67 $# (3040 mAverage $ainfall (/3. 6mCertifi6ation ( !*O 2003(4001, !*O 3C003(400C, !*O 31003(400D"o. of Emplo>ees (3DDD as on 03.34.403/Conve>or *>stem) unnel lengt7 ( 4.3C :m Conve>or lengt7 (C.14 :m C7apter /(#OCA!O" ; GEO#OG, #OCA!O"7e mape)3 and >pe)4 ore=7i67 are steel gre> 7ematite and 'lue gre> 7ematite respe6tivel>. !ron ore oft7isareaisdistri'utedint7eformof lenti6ular depositsint7eEasternand9estern ridges of t7e Bailadila !ron Ore *eries.GEO#OG,Deposit). is t7e *out7ern most deposit in t7e 9estern ridge of t7eBailadila !ron Ore $ange. 7e deposit 7as a stri:e lengt7 of /.00 m and 7as t7e=idt7 var>ing 'et=een 300 m to C00 m. 7e =estern side of t7e mine is mar:ed'> a 6liff, =7i67 goes almost verti6all> do=n for a'out /00 m. 7e ore 'od>stri:es "/DJE and 7as a deep var>ing =it7in t7e range of C.J)50J to=ards east.7e sout7 'lo6: 7as a stri:e lengt7 of 3 :m, t7e 6entral and nort7)=est 'lo6:s 3:m and t7e nort7 'lo6: o66up>ing t7e rest of t7e area.%etrograp7i6 studies of ea67 ore t>pe 7ave 'een 6arried out t7e ore t>pes en6ountered in t7e area 7ave follo=ing grade and 'ul: densit>.!n Addition to a'ove t7e =aste en6ountered 7as follo=ing grade and 'ul: densit>.S.no. Ore Type Fe%Bulk Dens!y" T#M$ %3. *7ale /. 4.54.Banded &ematiteEuartIite (B&E)C0 /.4S.No. Ore Type Fe%Bulk Dens!y"T#M$%3. *teel Gre> &ematite 52 C..4. Blue Gre> &ematite 51 C.4/. #aminated &ematite 55 /..C. #ateriti6?#imoniti6 Ore 50 /.4.. Ala:> Ore?Blue dust 55 /.0C7apter C(M!"E *-$VE,!n "MDC (Ba67eli Comple8), t=o ma eKuipment used to surve> t7e mine field()3. OA# *A!O"4. DG%* (Differential Glo'al %ositioning *>stem)3. OA# *A!O"A !o!&l s!&!onorTST "!o!&l s!&!on !'eo(ol!e%is an ele6troni6?opti6alinstrument used in modern surve>ing and 'uilding 6onstru6tion. 7e total stationis an ele6troni6 t7eodolite(transit) integrated =it7 an ele6troni6 distan6emeter(EDM) to read slope distan6es from t7e instrument to a parti6ular point.An)le Me&sure*en!+Most modern total station instruments measure angles '> means of ele6tro)opti6al s6anning of e8tremel> pre6ise digital 'ar)6odes et67ed on rotating glass6>linders or dis6s =it7int7einstrument. 7e'est Kualit>total stations are6apa'le of measuring angles to 0.. ar6)se6ond. !ne8pensive L6onstru6tion gradeLtotal stations 6an generall> measure angles to . or 30 ar6)se6onds.Ds!&n,e Me&sure*en!+Measurement of distan6e is a66omplis7ed =it7 a modulatedinfrared6arriersignal,generated'> asmallsolid)stateemitter =it7in t7e instrumentMsopti6al pat7, and refle6ted '> a prism refle6tor or t7e o'. 7emodulation pattern in t7e returning signal is read and interpreted '> t7e6omputer in t7e total station. 7e distan6e is determined '> emitting andre6eiving multiple freKuen6ies, and determining t7e integer num'er of=avelengt7sto t7e target for ea67 freKuen6>. Most total stations use purpose)'uilt glass6orner 6u'eprismrefle6torsfor t7eEDMsignal. At>pi6al totalstation 6an measure distan6es =it7 an a66ura6> of a'out 3.. millimeters(0.00C2 ft) G 4 parts per million over a distan6e of up to 3,.00 meters(C,200 ft)$efle6torless total stations 6an measure distan6es to an> o'ed area. 7e ne=est generation of total stations 6an also s7o= t7e map ont7e tou67)s6reen of t7e instrument immediatel> after measuring t7e points.Appl,&!ons+otal stations are mainl> used '> land surve>ors and 6ivil engineers, eit7ertore6ordfeaturesasintopograp7i6surve>ingortosetoutfeatures(su67asroads, 7ouses or 'oundaries).In Mnn)+ otal stations are t7e primar> surve> instrument used in mining surve>ing.A total station is used to re6ord t7e a'solute lo6ation of t7e tunnel =alls (stopes),6eilings ('a6:s), and floors as t7e drifts of an underground mine are driven. 7ere6orded data are t7en do=nloaded into a CADprogram, and 6ompared to t7edesigned la>out of t7e tunnel.7e surve> part> installs 6ontrol stations at regular intervals. 7ese are smallsteel plugs installed in pairs in 7oles drilled into =alls or t7e 'a6:. Aor =all stations, t=oplugs areinstalledinopposite=alls, formingalineperpendi6ular to t7e drift. Aor 'a6: stations, t=o plugs are installed in t7e 'a6:,forming a line parallel to t7e drift.A set of plugs 6an 'e used to lo6ate t7e total station set up in a drift or tunnel '>pro6essing measurements to t7e plugs '> interse6tion and rese6tion.Me,'&n,&l &n( Ele,!r,&l Cons!ru,!on+otal stations are t7e primar> surve> instrument used in mining surve>ing.A total station is used to re6ord t7e a'solute lo6ation of t7e tunnel =alls (stopes),6eilings ('a6:s), and floors as t7e drifts of an underground mine are driven. 7ere6orded data are t7en do=nloaded into a CAD program, and 6ompared to t7edesigned la>out of t7e tunnel.7e surve> part> installs 6ontrol stations at regular intervals. 7ese are smallsteelplugsinstalledinpairsin7olesdrilledinto=allsort7e'a6:. Aor=allstations, t=o plugs are installed in opposite =alls, forming a line perpendi6ularto t7e drift. Aor 'a6: stations, t=o plugs are installed in t7e 'a6:, forming a lineparallel to t7e drift.A set of plugs 6an 'e used to lo6ate t7e total station set up in a drift or tunnel '>pro6essing measurements to t7e plugs '> interse6tion and rese6tion.4. DG%*D..eren!&l Glo/&l -os!onn) Sys!e*(DG%*) is an en7an6ement to Glo'al%ositioning *>stem t7at provides improved lo6ation a66ura6>, from t7e 3.)meternominal G%* a66ura6> to a'out 30 6m in 6ase of t7e 'est implementations. DG%* uses a net=or: of fi8ed, ground)'ased referen6e stations to'road6ast t7e differen6e 'et=een t7e positions indi6ated '> t7e G%* (satellite)s>stems and t7e :no=n fi8ed positions. 7ese stations 'road6ast t7e differen6e'et=een t7e measured satellite pseudo rangesand a6tual (internall> 6omputed)pseudoranges, andre6eiverstationsma>6orre6t t7eirpseudoranges'>t7esame amount.7e digital 6orre6tion signal is t>pi6all> 'road6ast lo6all> overground)'ased transmitters of s7orter range.Oper&!on+A referen6e station 6al6ulates differential 6orre6tions for its o=n lo6ationandtime. -sersma>'eupto400nauti6al miles(/D0 :m)fromt7estation,7o=ever, andsomeof t7e6ompensatederrorsvar>=it7spa6e( spe6ifi6all>,satellite ep7emeris errors and t7ose introdu6ed '> ionosp7eri6 and troposp7eri6distortions. Aor t7is reason, t7e a66ura6> of DG%* de6reases =it7 distan6e fromt7e referen6e station. 7e pro'lem 6an 'e aggravated if t7e user and t7e stationla6: Linter visi'ilit>LO=7en t7e> are una'le to see t7e same satellites.0&r&!ons+3. European DG%* "et=or:4. -nited *tates "DG%*/. Canadian DG%*C. Australia-os!1pro,essn)+%ost)pro6essing is used in Differential G%* to o'tain pre6ise positions ofun:no=n points '> relating t7em to :no=n points su67 as surve> mar:ers.7eG%*measurementsareusuall>storedin6omputermemor>int7eG%* re6eivers, and are su'seKuentl> transferred to a 6omputer running t7e G%*post)pro6essing soft=are. 7e soft=are 6omputes 'aselinesusing simultaneousmeasurement data from t=o or more G%* re6eivers.7e 'aselines represent a t7ree)dimensional line dra=n 'et=een t7e t=opoints o66upied '> ea67 pair of G%* antennas. 7e post)pro6essedmeasurements allo= more pre6ise positioning, 'e6ause most G%* errors affe6tea67 re6eiver nearl> eKuall>, and t7erefore 6an 'e 6an6elled out in t7e6al6ulations.Differential G%* measurements 6an also 'e 6omputed in real)time '> someG%* re6eivers if t7e> re6eive a 6orre6tion signal using a separate radio re6eiver,for e8ample in $eal ime +inemati6 ($+) surve>ing or navigation.7e improvement of G%* positioning doesnMt reKuire simultaneousmeasurements of t=o or more re6eivers in an> 6ase, 'ut 6an also 'e done '>spe6ial use of a single devi6e. !n t7e 3220s =7en even 7and7eld re6eivers =ereKuite e8pensive, some met7ods of2u&s1(..eren!&lG%*=ere developed,using t7e re6eiver '> Kui6: turns of positions or loops of /)30 surve> points.De3,es n,lu(e n DG-S+3. Base4. $over/. ControllerB&se+!n !ndia, t7ere is !G* (!nternational Geodatis *tation) situated inBangalore =7i67 =or:s 4C 7rs. and 6olle6t data from satellites. Base =or:s =it7referen6eto!G*data. Baselevelledandlo6ateat fi8edpoint inminefieldstation and leave it for 30)34 7rs. During t7is period, it re6eives and re6ords t7edata =7i67 6omes from !G* and also it 6olle6ts data from satellites. 7e reasonfor t7is t>pe of 6onne6tion in Base is to 6orre6t t7e re6eived data =7i67 6omesfrom satellite.Ro3er+ $over is t7e t>pe of Antenna =7i67 6onne6ts =it7 satellite and Base. !tis 6onne6ted =it7 Base '> $adio =aves. $over re6eives ra= data from satelliteand send it to Base =7ere it is 6orre6ted '> t7e re6orded data from !G*. After6orre6tion 7as 'een done, Base send 'a6: t7is data to $over.Con!roller+Controller is t7e digital devi6e =7i67 7as displa> unit. Controllerdispla>s t7e data =7i67 6omes from $over. !t 6al6ulate t7e re6eived data andgives t7e e8a6t lo6ation of point mar:ed on t7e field. !n !ndia, DG%* =or:s =it7 G"** (Glo'al "avigation *>stem *atellite).Ameri6a 7as 45 G%* satellite and $ussia 7as 40 G"** satellite.DG%* *urve> in Mine Aield BA*ECO"$O##E$C7apter .(M!"!"G MAC&!"A$, DE%#O,ED*."o. EKuipment Ma:e?Model Capa6it>otalfleet3 *&OVE#* BEM#?AA &!AC&!C.5, 1 ;1.16u.m.D4 D-M%E$* BEM#?CAE$%!##A$1. ;300 e3//9AE$*%$!"+#E$*BEM#41 ; /0+#CC DONE$* BEM#?CAE$%!##A$ D.A$O" E"D#OADE$CAE$%!##A$ 1 6u.m. 35MOO$G$ADE$*BEM# 4DB#A*&O#ED$!##*!"GE$*O##$A"D?A#A*CO%CO4.0 mm C1C$A9#E$D$!##*!"GE$*O##$A"D?A#A*CO%CO?*A"DV!C+304 mm /C7apter 5(D$!##!"G7erearet=oformsof ro6:'rea:ageviI., ro6:penetrationandro6:fragmentation. 7e former in6ludes drilling, 6utting, 'oring et6., =7ile t7e latterin6ludes 'lasting et6. 7e term ro6: penetration is preferred for all met7ods offorming a dire6tional 7ole in t7e ro6:. 7ere are man> t>pes of ro6: penetrationdependingont7e form ofenerg>appli6ation, viI.me67ani6al,t7ermal, fluid,soni6, 67emi6al et6. 7e me67ani6al energ>, of 6ourse, en6ompasses t7ema (a'out 21H) of ro6: penetration appli6ations toda>. 7e appli6ation ofme67ani6al energ> to ro6: 6an 'e performed 'asi6all> in onl> one of t7e t=o=a>s( '>per6ussive or rotar>a6tion. Com'iningt7et=oresults in7>'ridmet7ods termed roller)'it rotar> and rotar>)per6ussion drilling. !nsurfa6emining, roller'it rotariesandlargeper6ussiondrillsaret7ema67ines in =idest 6urrent use, =it7 rotar> drills 'eing 7eavil> favoured.Drilling is performed in order to 'last t7e over'urden, ore deposit, 6oal seamset6., sot7at t7e po=er reKuirement for e86avators toe8tra6t t7e materials'e6omes less. 7is also redu6es t7e =ear and tear of t7e e86avators, in6reasest7eir life, redu6es 6learingtime of materials, andde6reases operation6ost.Drilling 7oles are usuall> made in a Iig)Iag pattern .7e spa6ing 'et=een t7ero=s and 6olumn is of eKual lengt7.Classifi6ation of Drilling *>stems( Drilling ma67ines used in surfa6e mining pro t7e air pressure 6utting material is 6ome out.General Des6ription of !DM /0 E ()!DM /0Eis a 6ra=ler mounted rotar> drill, 'asi6all> a 7>drauli6 drill.Air is used onl> for flus7ing, in t7e 6ase of rotar> drill. !n t7e 6ase of D& drilling, air is used for 7ammer also.All ot7er operation are po=ered t7roug7 7>drauli6 s>stem. 7is ena'les more airto 'e availa'le for effe6tive drilling.*-B *,*EM ()3. %o=er %a6:4. &udrauli6 *>stem/. %neumati6 *>stemC. %ropulsion.. Aeed5. $otar> 7ead s>stem7e 'asi6 unit 6omprises of an under6arriage se6tion, =7i67 6arries t7e main frame.A 7>drauli6 motor and planetar> gear'o8 drives t7e tra6:.7e po=er pa6: and all t7e au8iliaries, li:e oil 6ooler, and 'lasting effi6ien6>.C7emi6al Content ( %E"G"9eig7t ( 300 ; 4.0 gm.Diameter ( .0mmS'o,k Tu/e1!nstead of ele6tri6 =ires, a 7ollo= plasti6 s7o6: tu'e delivers t7e firing impulse to t7e detonator, ma:ing it immune to most of t7e 7aIards asso6iated =it7 stra> ele6tri6al 6urrent. "O"E# s7o6: tu'e is a small diameter, t7ree)la>er plasti6 tu'e 6oated on t7e innermost =all =it7 a rea6tive e8plosive 6ompound, =7i67, =7en initiated, propagates a lo= energ> signal, similar to a dust e8plosion, at appro8imatel> 5,.00 ft?se6 (4,000 m?se6) along t7e lengt7 of t7e tu'ing =it7 minimal distur'an6e outside of t7e tu'e.C7emi6al Content ( %E" (30 mg?m)$eel lengt7 ( 3. mDe!on&!n) Fuse1Aor s7allo= dept7 (P/m), and for small num'er of 7oles, a detonator is inserted in t7e 6artridge itself and detonated and detonated '> ignition of safet> fuse or in6ase of ele6tri6 detonator, '> an e8ploder. !t 6ontains 6ore of %E" en6losed in a tap =rapped =it7 6lot7. !t loo:s li:e a plasti6 6ord. !ts diameter is . mm e8ternal and =eig7t a'out 40 g?m lengt7.!t 7as a VOD of 5.00 m?s. A large num'er of s7ots 6onne6ted =it7 detonating fuse 6an 'e 'lasted '> a single detonator.C7emi6al Content ( %E" (30 gm.?m)$eel #engt7 ( /D. m4. C&A$G!"G %$OCE** ()!n C7arging pro6ess, =e put *ME (*ite Mi8 Emulsion) in t7e Blast &ole.C7emi6al Composition ( Ammonium "itrate G little amount of fuelG=ater G Gasing agent (*odium "itrite,0.4H)otal *ME in t7e 6ontainer of BMD)%ump ru6: ( /DC. :g E4plos3e Es!*&!on13. Volume of Bore &oleQ *pa6ing 8 Burden 8 Bore &ole dept74. After volume find out, t7en it is multiplied '> final 6up densit> of *ME 6alledC7arging Aa6torE8ample (*pa6ing(s)Q 5m, Burden(')Q .m, Bore &ole dept7(7)Q 34mVolume of Bore &ole Q s 8 ' 8 7 Q 5 8 . 8 34Q /50 m/C7arging Aa6tor Q Vol. of Bore &ole 8 final 6up densit> of *MEQ /50 8 3.3Q /25 :g?m/G&sn) n SME13. Due to present of gasing agent in *ME, in 'ore 7ole after e8plosive filled, it undergoes to gasing pro6ess.4. 7e time ta:ing appro8. 4.)/0 min. for gasing. Cup (ens!y o. SME1Aill t7e 6up =it7 t7e amount of *ME and =eig7t 7e initial =eig7t of *ME Q 3./4 :g "o=, leave t7is for /0 min. After gasing, itFs final =eig7t is 3.3. :g/. *EMM!"G %$OCE** ()!n stemming pro6ess, fill t7e upper left portion of 'ore 7ole '> over'urden and drop t7e left detonating fuse =ire in t7e 'ore 7ole.C. A!$!"G %$OCE** ()!n t7e Airing pro6ess, =e ma:e run: #ine 6onne6tion in Drill Blo6:.7is is t7e 6onne6tion in =7i67 'last 7oles 6onne6ted to ea67 ot7er '> s7o6: tu'e and 6lamped. After t7is, =e ma:e one 'last 7ole as a firing point =7ere safet> fuse =ire atta67ed to t7e Ordinar> Detonator =it7 t7e 6rimp. C7emi6al 6ontent of OD R %E# G A*A$ate of 'urning of *afet> fuse =ire Q 340 se6.?mC7apter 2(EA$& MOV!"G EE-!%ME"* -*ED !" "MDC M!"E**&OVE#* (!t is used to e86avate t7e materials and loading it to t7e Dumpers.!ts 'u6:et 6apa6it> is 4C e.%o=er) 500 R D.0 +9D-M%E$* (!t is used to s7ift material from Kuarr> to 6rus7ing plant.!ts 6apa6it> is .0 tons.Material is loaded in it '> s7ovel.9AE$ *%$!"+#E$* (!t is used to sprin:le =ater on 7aul roads of mines.9ater sprin:ling is ne6essar> to suppress t7e dust parti6le and :eeping t7e environment of mines dust free.DONE$* (!t is used to s7ift material li:e 'oulders and loose iron ore from one pla6e to ot7er.!t pus7es t7e material '> its 'lade mounted on front side =7en it 6ra=ls.A$O" E"D #OADE$ (!t is used to fill final produ6t of 6rus7ing plant in t7e =agons.7e 'u6:et mounted in its front side.MOO$ G$ADE$* (!t used to maintain 7aul roads in good 6ondition.!ts main fun6tion is done '> its 'lade =7i67 is in middle of t7e eKuipment.Blade 6an 'e ad./. EKuipment is t7oroug7l> inspe6ted and all t7e defe6ts are listed.C. A defe6t list mentioned in t7e servi6e 'oo: '> operator of eKuipment is also 67e6:ed for 7is 6omplains... 9or: is planned and deadlines are made.5. *pare parts are arranged in advan6e for uninterrupted flo= of maintenan6e =or:.D. 9or: is started and progress in monitored on s7ift 'asis.8. 97atever =or: is 6arried out in a s7ift is mentioned in a s7ift log 'oo: =7i67 is referen6e for t7e ne8t s7ift people.