Nixon to Carter. Nixon, Ford, & Carter Took office in 69 & determined conservative New Federalism:...
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Transcript of Nixon to Carter. Nixon, Ford, & Carter Took office in 69 & determined conservative New Federalism:...
Nixon to Carter
Nixon, Ford, & Carter• Took office in 69 & determined conservative• New Federalism: give back some of the power &
responsibilities to states & localities (downsize federal gov’t)
• Had to negotiate w/ democrat controlled Congress• Increased spending for Social Security, Medicare, food stamps
• Nixon impounded funds for some programs (later unconstitutional)
• Late 60s & early 70s US faced stagflation: high inflation & unemployment
• Caused by deficit spending (war & new programs), increased international competition, new workers (baby boomers), dependence on foreign oil
• Nixon focused more on foreign affairs (Vietnam, China, USSR)
• Change from containment to realpolitik (more flexible approach to communism)
• Détente: easing of Cold War tensions
• Nixon recognized China & visited (wanted to take advantage of rift between USSR & China)
• visited Moscow & signed SALT I (limit # of missiles)
• End of Vietnam, détente, USSR & Chinese relations helped him win election of 72
• Watergate scandal led to his downfall, resigned before impeachment began (74), Ford sworn in
• Ford pardoned Nixon Sep 1974 (bad PR move)• Inflation, unemployment, energy prices (OPEC) rise• Ford called on a citizen led program: WIN but failed• Cut spending, raised interest rates (worst recession
in 40 yrs)
• Battled democratic controlled Congress, vetoed 50 bills in 2 yrs
• Continued Nixon’s foreign policy w/ Kissinger’s help• Helsinki Accords: cooperation between nations• Cease fire ended in Vietnam (Saigon falls), problems
in Cambodia
• Carter narrowly won election over Ford
• Used fireside chats & honest, down to earth style
• #1 problem: OPEC energy crisis, 100 proposals to Congress
• passed National Energy Act: tax on gas-guzzling cars, removed price controls on oil & natural gas, tax credit for alternative energy
• OPEC passed another price hike & inflation soared• Economy changing from manufacture to service• Booming economies of W. Germany & Asian tigers
cut into US markets
• Carter promoted human rights over realpolitik, cut nations off for human rights abuses
• Gave up control of Panama Canal to improve relations in Latin America
• Détente ended when USSR invaded Afghanistan
• Helped to create Camp David Accords: peace between Egypt & Israel
• Iranian students seized US embassy in Theran & took 52 hostages , finally released in 1981 after Reagan was sworn in (444 days)
Image Sources (in order)• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://cacpeaceday.wikispaces.com/file/view/RichardNixonHelic
opter.jpg/31296833/RichardNixonHelicopter.jpg&imgrefur• lhttp://www.historycentral.com/elections/1968PresElect.jpg• csmonitor.com• asiatravel.org• http://www.ibhistorytopics.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/2007-06-11-nixon_detente1.jpg• http://www.history.com/images/media/slideshow/gerald-ford/gerald-ford-salt.jpg• http://www.historycommons.org/events-images/b274_jimmy_carter_2050081722-23075.jpg• http://media.cnbc.com/i/CNBC/Sections/News_And_Analysis/_News/_SLIDESHOWS/AutoMilestones/SS_
milestones_energycrisis.jpg• http://www.dailyhistory.net/images/panama-canal-handover-jimmy-carter-mireya-moscoso.jpg• http://www.britannica.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/0000078620-cartej008-004.jpg• http://www.thinktankprm.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/iran-hostage-crisis.jpg