NIST-Forensics Science Activity

NIST Forensic Science Activities:

Latent Fingerprints

2009 National Academies Report

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward Accuracy, reliability, and validity of latent fingerprint analysis

Standards for data interoperability & sharing Human factors research to advance

Advanced measurement of technologies to automatically map record & recognize

validation, reliability & proficiency testing

t th d l t f f i

to automatically map, record & recognize latent fingerprint features

promote the development of forensic science [as applied to latent fingerprints] into a mature field of multi-disciplinary

2Information Access Division

research and practice

Rolled (ink capture)

What are Latent Fingerprints?

Pl i (i

Conventional Fingerprints Latent Fingerprint

( lift)Plain (inkk capture)) (powdder lift)


Tip

Information Access Division

Why Are Latents Difficult?

Smudge Discontinuous Ridges

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Why Are Latents Important?

Homeland Security Military & IntelligenceLaw Enforcement / Criminal Justice


NIST Fingerprint Milestones

1960s 1986

2000

2003

2006

2009

2010


NIST reports feasibilityy of automated finggerprint matchingg

1st standard for fingerprint exchange: ANSI/NIST

ANSI/NIST widely used in the US and internationally

1st largge-scale automatic fingerprint matching test ((FppVTE))g p g DHS uses results for developing operational systems

NIST initiates testing of latent fingerprint matching systems

NIST tests use of extended features sets for latent ID FBI uses results for Next Generation Identification system

ANSI/NIST adopts extended feature sets

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e e e ce data

Customers and Community

Industryy

Government


Developers & Researchers: Measurement & failure analysis Standards Conferences, Journals Reference data Academia

Users & Practitioners: Performance rankings System integration & tuning Standards

Law Enforcement Conferences,, Workshopps

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Framework: Latent ID Search

List of Candidates L t t Fi i t &

Automated Latent Identification System

(AFIS) Latent Fingerprint & Search Features

Input Output

Rank Subject ID Candidate

Print

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Latent Fingerprint & Comparison Features

Input Output 1 0733091

2 13040332

3 3952340

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Examiner & Workstation Examiner & Workstation

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Latent Workstation




Input Output


Print

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Latent Workstation: Feature Markup

Ridge ending

Examiner & Workstation

Core

Examiner & Workstation

Core

Core Indeterminate

Bifurcation

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Latent Workstation Screenshot

Usability Research


Design tools and human-computer interfacescomputer interfaces that arethat are efficient, effective, and intuitive

New interaction paradigms: moving away from mouse-and-click to touch technologies that mimic the wayy examiners work with photographs, loupes, and pins

Elimination of examiner bias through standardization of processes and procedures

P lidi li bili dPromote validity, reliability, and traceability

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Interoperable Feature Standards




Input Output


Print

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The ANSI/NIST-ITL Standard


Legacy of Evolving Interoperability:

1986 Standardized Minutiae

1993 Standardized Images

2000 Proprietary Feature Blocks

2010 Extended Features

Soon Universal Standard Features for Interoperable Search

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Feature Evolution Standard Feature Markup Extended Feature Markup


Extended Feature Set (EFS) Feature quality map

interoperable Complete feature set:

Ridge ending

Complete feature set: pores ridge shape incipient ridges

Incipient

dots creases scars ridge pathsp

Protrusion

g p

Improved definitions Correspondences

Core

Pore Core

Dot

Indeterminate Bifurcation

Information Access Division 15

Latent ID Search Performance




Input Output


Print

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100

%

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Plain Search

Latent Search

State-of-the-art Performance Measurement:

Plain vs Latent Print Search Accuracy

Plain vs. Latent Print Search Accuracy

37%37%

Fingerprint Type Fingerprint Type

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Lights out Search




Input Output


Print

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Extract

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State-of-the-art Performance Measurement

Lights out vs Latent + manual mark-up

Image Only Image + Feature Markup

Lights out vs. Latent + manual mark up ) 80

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MorphoTrack NEC Cogent Warwick


Lights Out Lights Out


Latent Image Quality: Triage

? Examiner ? Examiner

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Candidate List Review



(AFIS)


Print

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Latent Fingerprint & Search Features

Input Output


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Input Output

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Match

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Future Work

Measurement of large-scale latent ID search accuracy, and the time vs. accuracy trade-off: prediction of large-scale operational system performance better understandingg of resource reqquirements

Evaluation of interoperable latent feature sets for ID search interoperability at a higher level of accuracy

Measurement and Calibration of Latent Quality algorithms & metrics workflow optimization schemes (quality directed processing) less manual processing decreased case backlog less manual processing decreased case backlog

Evaluation/Validation of match probability models statistically quantifiable examiner match decisions

Evaluation of automated latent palm-print matching systems

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Questions?


Match Probability Models

MATCH99 MATCH NON-MATCH

99


+ % Confidence

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NIST-Forensics Science Activity

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